F/G_DiazD_Ch25

Socialism

Belief that businesses should be owned by society as a whole

The Industrial Revolution had a positive effect on society.

Better quality housing

Industrial Revolution

Great increase in machine production that began in England in the 18th century

Enclosure

Large closed-in field for farming

What were major changes in living conditions and working conditions?

Major changes in living conditions and working conditions were that more people could use coal to heat their homes, eat better food, and wear better clothing. Living conditions were bad in crowded cities. Many people could not find good housing, schools, or police protection. Filth, garbage, and sickness were part of life in the slums.

Why is Manchester a good example of how industrialization changed cities?

Manchester is a good example of how industrialization changed cities because, their was a rapid growth, the factory owners risked their money and worked long hours to make their businesses grow. In return, they enjoyed huge profits and built huge houses.

Industrialization

Process of developing machine production of goods

Stock

Right of ownership in a company called a corporation

How did both the government and workers themselves try to improve workers' lives?

The government and workers tried to improve the workers' lives by joining unions which is is a group of workers that tries to bargain with employers for better pay and better working conditions. If the employers resisted the offers it would result in a strike which is when the workers refused to work.

Which nations industrialized first, and why?

The nations that industrialized first were Belgium which was the first to industrialize. It was rich in iron and coal and had good Germany was divided politically until the late 1800s. As a result, it did not develop much industry at first. Also in Europe, Europe, small areas began to change to the new industries. Industrial growth did not occur in France until after 1830.

Middle Class

A social class of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers

Utilitarianism

Belief that an idea is only as good as it is useful

Why was Britain the first country to industrialize?

Britain was the first country to industrialize because, they Britain had all the resources needed for industrialization. These resources included coal, water, iron ore, rivers, harbors, and banks. Britain also had all the factors of production that the Industrial Revolution required. These factors of production included land, labor (workers), and capital (wealth).

Factory

Building where goods are made

Corporation

Business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not responsible for its debts

How are capitalism and socialism different?

Capitalism and Socialism are different because, capitalism society has people investing in businesses to make profit, while socialism supports people owning a business as a society.

Urbanization

City building and the movement of people to cities

Factors of production

Conditions needed to produce goods and services

Capitalism

Economic system in which people invest money to make a profit

Laissez Faire

Economic theory that argues that governments should not interfere with business affairs

Karl Marx

Economic thinker who wrote about a radical form of socialism

Improvements in steam engine technology was a benefit during the Industrial Revolution

Economically safe, and a reusable source

The Development of Factories

Essential Question: How was life like during the development of factories ? ~ One doctor described the effect of the Manchester mill work on the local workers. The doctor said " They are a degenerate race of human beings, stunted, enfeebled and depraved men and women that were not to be aged children that were never to be adults. " ~ " Workers including young children of six or seven often worked 16 hour days. ~ " Accidents were common as workers were mutilated by equipment and sometimes killed. Punishments for infractions such as lateness, neglect, swearing, or laziness were common and included docked pay, fines, whippings, and being suspended by the arms. ~ " No longer would one person do everything to produce a finished piece of clothing. The factory system also led to the standardization of products since machines could now produce items that were nearly identical to one another. " ~ The large new machines required the building of larger cites, which turned into the development of factories. ~ The working conditions in factories were often inferior. Theme: The conditions of the factories were terrible. Thesis: Why were the conditions in the factories terrible ? During the development of factories the workers went through terrible working conditions

Communism

Form of socialism in which all production is owned by the people

How does capitalism work?

In a capitalist economy, people invest their money in businesses to make a profit.

How did industrialization begin in the United States?

Industrialization begun in the United States because, the United States had a great deal of coal and water to create power. There was also plenty of iron. In addition, the immigrants that came to the United States created a large supply of workers.

How did industrialization lead to imperialism?

Industrialization lead to imperialism because, The European nations took control of the lands in many areas of the world outside of Europe.

Union

Organized groups of workers that bargain with business owners to get better pay and working conditions

Strike

Organized refusal to work

Entrepreneur

Person who organizes, manages, and takes on the financial risk of a business enterprise

Adam Smith

Philosopher who defended laissez-faire economics

Crop Rotation

Planting a different crop in a different field each year

What effects did the invention of the steam engine have?

The steam engine had a positive effect in a major way. This is because, the steam engine brought in a new source of power. The steam engine used fire to heat water and produce steam. The power of the steam drove the engine. Eventually steam- driven engines were used to run factories.

How was the textile industry changed by the new inventions?

The textile industry was changed by the new inventions because, the new inventions helped businesses make cloth and clothing more quickly.

Name two major reform movements of the 1800s.

The two major reform movements of the 1800s were The British Parliament ended the slave trade in 1807, which abolished slavery. Another reform movement began in the United States in 1848. In 1888, women from around the world formed a group dedicated to the cause of women getting equal rights.

What were three positive effects of industrialization?

Three positive effects of industrialization were that it created wealth. It created jobs for workers and over time helped many of them live better lives. It produced better diets, better housing, and better clothing at lower prices.