Film 2A: #02 - International Expansion of the Cinema 1905-1912
Identify the true statements about the larger theaters that emerged in 1908 in the United States.
- Better-class theaters began to use two projectors - Some of these theaters combined films with live vaudeville acts
How did the Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC) respond to the independent movement?
- By hiring detectives to gain evidence that producers were using cameras with devices patented by the MPPC - By filing suits against most of the independent producers
How did the Edison company try to force its competitors out of business?
- By suing them for patent infringement - By claiming to own the basic patents on a motion-picture cameras, projectors, and film stock
Identify the genres for which Nordisk was known.
- Crime thrillers - Dramas - Melodramas
In the context of Denmark's rise to significance in world cinema, which of the following are true of Ole Olsen?
- He ran one of the first movie theaters in Copenhagen - He formed a production company and open distribution offices abroad.
What were the steps taken by Pathe Freres to become vertically integrated?
- It made its own cameras and projectors - It distributed its own films
Identify the main firms in the French film industry in 1905.
- Pathe Freres - Gaumont
Which of the following were advantages of the Los Angeles area that helped it to emerge as the United States' major production center during 1910's
- The wide variety of landscapes it offered for shooting - The weather, which permitted filming outdoors most days of the year.
Which of the following are true of the films released by the Motion Picture Patents Company and the independents in an attempt to improve public image of movies?
- They were designed to appeal to middle and upper class spectators. - They depicted stories derived from celebrated literature.
How were the earliest point-of-view shots simulated?
- Through binoculars - Through telescopes - through microscopes
Which of the following is true of sound accompaniment in the nickelodeons of the early 1900s?
Actors sometimes stood behind the screen and spoke dialogue in synchronization with the action
Why did the independents pose a challenge for the Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC)?
Because they were unwilling to pay fees to the MPPC
How did the members of the Motion Picture Patents Company respond to the creation of the Board of Censorship by a group of New York citizens in 1909?
By financially supporting the board
How did the Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC) gain a larger share of the U.S. market?
By restricting the number of foreign firms that could join the MPPC
Identify a trend in the United States that began in 1908 in the places where films were shown.
Exhibitors began to build or convert larger theaters for showing films
Which of the following is true of film companies' attempts to exploit their popular actors for publicity purposes in 1910?
Film companies organized personal appearances by stars in theaters.
By 1910, Italy was second only to ____ in the number of films it sent around the world.
France
The largest film industry in 1905 was the _____ film industry
French
After turning in his Motion Picture Patents Company license, Carl Laemmle started the ___
Independent Motion Picture Company
Which of the following is true of the Motion Picture Patents Company formed in the United States in 1908?
It was created because the Edison company and American Mutoscope & Biograph decided to cooperate.
What happened after Carl Laemmle turned his Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC) license and started the Independent Motion Picture Company in 1909?
More that a dozen other independent companies started up across the country.
The Motion Picture Patents Company tried to improve the public image of movies by
Portraying historical events
Before 1909, feature films were typically ________.
Prizefight films
During the early 1910s, filmmakers began to use a double eyeline match: showing one character looking offscreen and then cutting to another character looking in the opposite direction at the first. This type of cut was known as a(n)
Reverse shot
What led viewers to demonstrate interest in their favorite actors in 1909?
The fact that producers were signing actors to longer contracts.
Identify a true statement about dialogue titles
They coincided closely with the speech in the image.
Identify a true statement about inserts
They helped make the action comprehensible to the viewers.
Identify a true statement about nickelodeons in the United States between 1905 and 1907.
They were multiplying at a rapid pace.
Identify a true statement about expository titles
They were written in the third person.
A trend that began in the film industry in 1909 was that ____.
Viewers were spontaneously asking theater managers the actors' names
Italian films, such as Ambrosia and Cines were characterized by _____
a lack of experienced personnel.
Editing that breaks down a single space into separate framings is known as ___
analytical editing
A problem that confronted filmmakers early in the nickelodeon era was that ___
audiences could not understand that spatial and temporal relations in films
The Edison company and American Mutoscope & Biograph created the Motion Picture Patents Company to ____.
control all competitors by charging licensing fees.
Nickelodeons were successful in the United States in the early 1900s as they
could run the same brief programs over and over continuously
Point-of-view shots were used to ___
display what the characters saw
Ole Olsen's production company, Nordisk, established an international reputation for _____
excellent acting
True or false: Even after the introduction of camera tripods with swiveling heads in the 1910s, tilts and pans were not used to make reframings when figures in a frame moved about
false
As a result of the attempt of the Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC) to gain a larger share of the U.S. market, ___
foreign companies lost the large market share that they had enjoyed before 1908
Responding to the independent movement, the Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC) created the General Film Company in 1910 to ___
monopolize distribution
In the context of sound accompaniment in the early 1900s, nickelodeons in the United States typically used ___
noisemakers to create sound effects
A factor that contributed to the spread of nickelodeons was the __
shorter workweeks, which left more time for entertainment.
The editing technique known as the eyeline match was an excellent way of ___
showing that one space was near another
In the early 1900s, the term feature was associated with films that ____.
had a longer running length
In the early 1900s, nickelodeons in the United States had an advantage over earlier forms of exhibition as they ___
had low expenses
By opening studios in other countries, Pathe Freres used the strategy of ______ ____
horizontal integration
The Film d'Art company, founded in 1908, was known for ______.
identifying itself with elite tastes.
A concerned group of New York citizens formed the Board of Censorship in March 1909 that aimed at ___
improving the movies
Closer views into the middles of scenes were known as ___
inserts
In 1917, the continuity system was developed, which aimed to ___
maintain an unbroken connection between shots in a film
Pathe Freres became a vertically integrated film company by _____
manufacturing film stock
Expository titles were utilized to _____
summarize an upcoming action.
In the context of lighting and set-design, the early nickelodeon era was characterized by the use of ____
theatrical-style backdrops
Placing an already-developed positive print in a chemical solution that saturates the dark areas of the frame while the lighter areas remain nearly white is known as ___
toning
Early in the nickelodeon boom, French films were criticized for ___
treating adultery in a comic fasion