film 6

What is the shortest length any one shot can be?

1 frame

On what does a shot/reverse-shot pattern depend?

180° line

What features are characteristic of a montage sequence?

A condensing of story time Short cuts

Which scenarios would be best served by the use of a montage sequence?

A martial arts student's years of training Highlights of a sports game

What element is used to define a semicircular area, where the camera can be placed to present the action?

Axis of action

Before digital editing, how was a cut made?

By splicing two shots together

Which of the following are ensured by using the 180° system of spatial continuity?

Consistent relative position in the frame Consistent screen direction

What is the type of editing in which portions of a space are cut together to imply a spatial whole, without the use of an establishing shot?

Constructive editing

What strategy is used to interweave story events in one place with story events in another place?

Crosscutting

Which of the following is NOT a basic dimension of film editing?

Cultural

Which are commonly used to adjust story time?

Cutaway shots Cutting to an empty frame

Which type of editing involves briefly superimposing the end of one shot with the beginning of another?

Dissolve

What technique is used to condense story time?

Elliptical editing

What is the common pattern of spatial film editing used in classical continuity style?

Establishment, breakdown, reestablishment

What is demonstrated by these two images from Source Code?

Eyeline Match

What is the most common violation of order in continuity editing?

Flashback

Which dimension of film editing best describes a contrast of lighting between shot A and shot B?

Graphic

Which techniques are frequently used in nonnarrative films to join shots together?

Graphic matching Rhythmic editing

What is a common way for filmmakers to move across the axis of action?

Include one shot on the line itself.

What is it called when parts of different shots are digitally combined into a single shot?

Intra-frame editing

In analytical editing, how will a filmmaker remind the viewer of the overall space after using breakdown shots?

Introduce a reestablishing shot

What effect can overlapping editing have?

It emphasizes a certain moment. It prolongs the action.

Which types of editing are considered alternatives to continuity editing?

Jump cut Temporal dislocation Nondiegetic cut

What is the most important aspect when considering the rhythmic possibilities in editing?

Length of a shot

Which is typical in continuity editing?

Long shots are left on the screen for more time than close-ups.

What is a common approach to establish graphic continuity across two shots?

Maintaining the focal point of the composition

What is being "cheated" in a cheat cut?

Mise-en-scene

What is the primary driving force behind continuity editing?

Narrative flow

When considering the graphic relationship between sequential shots, which of the following would be a purely pictorial quality?

Predominant color

What helps keep a cheat cut from being too disorienting?

Relatively constant 180° relations Strong narrative motivation

What kind of shot shows the opposite end of the axis of action?

Reverse shot

What are some general uses of flash-frames?

Signal a flashback Mark a transition

What technique do filmmakers use to avoid the disorienting effects of a jump cut?

The 30° rule

What film uses a flashforward to show the outcome of a story event?

The Godfather

What is often outlined in an establishing shot?

The axis of action

What is a common trait of a jump cut?

The camera moves little if at all between the two shots.

What feature of these two shots from True Stories creates a graphic match? (Click on image to enlarge.)

The horizon line

What is true when eyeline match is used?

The looker and object are never onscreen simultaneously. One character is looking offscreen.

What must a director firmly establish to alter screen direction and cross the axis of action without confusing the viewer?

The physical layout of the scene

Which best describes a purpose of film editing?

To break down scenes into many shots

What is the primary purpose of crosscutting?

To create viewer omniscience

What are reasons filmmakers use discontinuity editing?

To stir audience imagination To emphasize emotional connections between shots

What are some of the processes involved in film editing?

Trimming shots to a desired length Assembling shots into an order

A filmmaker who starts with a shot that establishes a spatial whole and follows with a shot of only part of this space is using ______ editing.

analytical

When a filmmaker uses an establishing shot to show space, then follows with a closer shot of only part of the space, it is known as ______.

analytical editing

When a film presents a future event, then returns to the present, it has employed ______.

flashforward

Sequential shots that are linked by close pictorial similarities make a ______.

graphic match

These two shots from Ohayo illustrate ______.

graphic matching

When a filmmaker includes a shot that doesn't belong to the time or place of the story, it is called a ______.

nondiegetic insert

The main purpose of flash-frames is to provide ______.

one-off accents

The primary purpose of the establishing shot is to delineate the ______.

overall space of the setting

When the action from the end of one shot is partially repeated at the start of the next, it is known as ______ editing.

overlapping

Nondiegetic inserts commonly function as ______.

symbols metaphors

In continuity editing, the order and frequency of shots are assembled in service of ______.

the narrative