Final Cumulative Exam 4
Cecil and Jeanne, teenagers, made a love pact, jumping from a cliff in order to be with each other for eternity. Cecil and Jeanne are examples of what Edwin Shneidman refers to as:
death ignorers
which of the following is not likely to happen in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression?
confront the patient with the thing most feared
frank walked in on his parents having sex. now frank reports that he can no longer see, despite the fact that nothing can be found to be wrong with his vision. frank has
conversion disorder
The critical way in which the death seeker differs from the death darer, according to Edwin Shneidman, is:
death seekers intended to end their lives with their action
If someone asked you about the effectiveness of psychological debriefing following a disaster, you would be MOST correct (based on the research) in saying that:
debriefing should be made available if wanted, but it should not be required following a disaster
according to emile durkheim, suicides by people over whom society has little or no control and who are not concerned with the norms and rules of society are called:
egoistic suicides
which of the following is NOT an example of how the treatment of abnormal behavior has been more harmful than helpful?
electro-shock therapy
studies that determine the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population are called:
epidemiologica studies
drinking alcohol during pregnancy can damage the developing embryo and fetus, resulting in:
fetal alcohol syndrome
darryl fakes having a sickness for no clear benefit to himself. darryl has
has a factitious disorder
harold wants to stay home from work and download the latest game for the playstation 5. he calls his boss and pretends to be sick, telling him he can't come in to work today. harold
has no disorder, he is just malingering
one strength of a correlation study is that they typically have
high external validity because they do not attempt to control participants
______ was listed as a mental disorder under the DSM-II but it was subsequently removed from the list in the 1970s by a vote of the members of the American Psychiatric Association
homosexuality
an otherwise healthy man reports almost no interest in sexual activity, and has had very few sexual experiences in the past several years. that person most likely is experiencing:
hypoactive sexual desire
the part of the brain most closely associated with the control of eating and body weight is the:
hypothalamus
freud's psychoanalytic theory stresses that these three parts of the mind are in constant conflict with one another
id, ego, superego
bertie is preoccupied with getting cancer. he is terrified that he has cancer and needs to be treated. he goes to doctors and demands tests very often. bertie has
illness anxiety
the number of new cases of a disorder diagnosed in a given time period is the
incidence
in 1917 Wagner-Jauregg won a Nobel prize for his now-controversial treatment of syphilis that involved
infecting the syphilis patients with malaria
Alice goes to 3 different psychiatrists who all give her the same diagnosis. this is a good example of
inter-rater reliability
A young woman believes that everything negative that happens to her is her own fault, that she ruins everything, and that she always will. The therapist diagnoses her as suffering from a learned helplessness-induced depression because she attributes negative events in her life to:
internal, global, stable factors
a person diagnosed with sleep apnea is most likely to be someone who:
is older and is overweight
someone who has been diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder
is preoccupied with their physical appearance
if a measure is valid that means
it is measuring what you think it's measuring
Kelly is a long-time serious drinker. In the last year she has started having huge memory lapses. When this happens she makes up wild stories to help her fill in what she does not remember. This symptom is called:
korsakoff's syndrome
a man who have never been able to achieve or maintain an erection for sexual intercourse would most likely be diagnosed with what type of erectile disorder?
lifelong
post traumatic stress disorder in Iraq/Afghanistan armed services veterans
may be present whether the veteran saw combat or not
a concerning side effect associated with ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) for depression is
memory loss
which of the following groups is not more likely to suffer from generalized anxiety disorder?
men
which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between gender and eating disorders?
most cases of eating disorders occur in females
with repeated use, a person may require more and more of a substance to obtain the desired outcome
tolerance
all of the following are types of major depressive disorders except:
transmatic
Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all the walls. She also hears gentle music, which is not actually there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates ______ symptoms of schizophrenia.
positive
A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called:
post-traumatic stress disorder
the reference book that American psychiatrists refer to when diagnosing patients is
the DSM-5
in a "proband" study,
the extent to which disorders run in families can be studied
in an ABAB or reversal design, what is alternatively applied and withdraw?
the independent variable
which of the following statements is not true regarding gender and suicide?
women succeed at committing suicide more often than men
the difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II is:
the severity of the manic episodes
The following experiment is conducted to study the causes of aggression in children. Half the children eat a sugared cereal. the remaining half eat cornflakes. The number of aggressive acts displayed by the children in a one hour play period after breakfast is then recorded. in this experiment
the type of cereal is the independent variable, and the number of aggressive responses is the dependent variable
with regard to residential versus out-patient treatment for substance use,
there's no difference in effectiveness between the two
clinical theorist Jerome Frank would say that all forms of therapy include all of the following EXCEPT a
third-part payer
to be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder or free-floating anxiety, one must have excessive and ongoing anxiety and worry for at least
three months
a friend of yours who has recently been doing some heavy drinking asks you what to do to "sober up" as quickly as possible. your best answer would be:
"stop drinking and wait"
the peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa
14 to 18
what is the rate of concordance for schizophrenia in identical twins?
40-60 percent
ethyl alcohol is quickly absorbed and moved by the blood to the central nervous system. there it facilitates the work of which neurotransmitter?
GABA
activity of this French "fraud" involved electricity, a tub of water, powdered glass and iron filings. his "work" provided evidence for the psychogenic perspective that abnormal behavior could be attributed to the activity of the mind
Mesmer
a person who can eat large amounts of food very rapidly, even though not hungry, feels guilty for doing so, and does this repeatedly, would be said to have:
a binge-eating disorder
when treating depression
a combination of drug therapy and counseling is most successful
which of the following does not characterize stress disorders?
a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event
What is parasuicide?
a failed attempt to commit suicide
what is thought to be the cause of vaginismus (the involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles)?
a learned aversion connected to an early bad sexual experience
which of the following would be most likely to develop alcoholism?
a lower socioeconomic class person living in a high unemployment area
"the more television you watch, the lower your grades are." if it is true, this statement expresses:
a negative correlation
a fake treatment (e.g. sugar pill) a participant may be given to serve as a treatment control is known as
a placebo
which of the following is not considered a research method?
a treatment plan for an individual
if an individual had experienced normal sexual functioning for years and then had a problem with becoming aroused only when with her husband as a partner, the type of dysfunction would be:
acquired and situational
treatment for severe cases of anorexia nervosa typically begin with
an effort to get the patient to eat more to regain weight to get the body out of starvation mode
a modern psychiatrist diagnosis would not include which of the following?
an estimate of how likely the patient is so fully recover
which of the following can be used to infer causality?
an experimental design
which disorder is most likely to be connected with an identifiable elicitor - separation from a loved one, personal failure, moving, etc
anorexia
which of the following is an antagonist drug for the treatment of alcohol?
antabuse
at a suicide prevention center, you hear the following from the counselor. "do you have a gun? is it loaded and do you know how to use it?" which one of the goals and techniques of suicide prevention do these questions best represent?
assessing suicide potential
"drug dependence may develop because one finds drug use rewarding when it reduces tension." which view of substance abuse would most agree with this statement?
behvaioral
people suffering from anorexia nervosa tend to:
believe they are overweight
family pedigree/proband and twin studies have been used to look for a predisposition for unipolar depression within families. which theoretical framework encompasses these studies?
biological
Freud's study of Little Hans is an example of:
case study
Abe has difficulty controlling his anger. To help him become more aware of the situations that can trigger rage in him, his therapist asks him to keep a diary all week of the times when he felt angry. he is asked to write down what happened and how it made him feel. this is an example of
clinical observation; self-monitoring
assumptions and attitudes influence behavior, and it is possible that abnormal behavior may be attributable to illogical thought processes. which model had just been described?
cognitive
If your therapist concentrated on helping you recognize and change negative thoughts and thus improve your mood, your therapist would be using:
cognitive therapy
an older term for schizophrenia
dementia praecox
Patients are more likely to recover from schizophrenia if they:
demonstrated good premorbid functioning
ansel bourne mysteriously left rhode island and reappeared 3 months later in philadelphia running a store. he could not account for the intervening time. this is now referred to as
dissociate amnesia with fugue
in seligman's classic studies of learned helplessness
dogs were shocked with no way of avoiding the shock
if neither the experiment nor the participant in a research project know who is in the control and who is in the experiment?
double blind
at a suicide prevention center, you hear the following from the counselor. "hello. I am interested in you as a person and am going to stay on the phone with you as long as you want, all night maybe." which goals and techniques of suicide prevention does this statement represent?
establishing a positive relationship
people experiencing dyspareunia:
experience pain during sex
an investigation whose results are very generalizable to the rest of the world is high in ______ validity
external
what chemical treatment is commonly used for bipolar patients?
lithium
if researchers studied Iraq veterans for 30 years after the veterans' return from Iraq, the study would be:
longitudinal
psychosis means:
loss of contact with reality
who is most likely to be diagnosed with a substance use disorder?
males
the greatest contribution to our understanding of the human sex response has been made by:
masters and johnson
which of the following was not a factor in the early decline of the moral treatment model in the United States?
most people were faking mental illness to get free care
karen smothers her infant son when medical staff are not in the room to make it appear he has a respiratory problem. karen is displaying
munchausen by proxy
Jack can't seem to control when he falls asleep. In fact, he's most likely to fall asleep when he feels stressed. Jack is suffering from:
narcolepsy
Armond does not feel much emotion and does not really want to do anything. He has also completely withdrawn from his friends and family. The presence of these behaviors illustrates ______ symptoms of schizophrenia.
negative
A woman who can masturbate or be masturbated to orgasm but cannot reach orgasm during sexual intercourse, would be diagnosed with:
no sexual disorder
some individuals experience a normal interest in sex but choose not to engage in sexual relations. such people would be diagnosed with:
no sexual dysfunction
a general understanding of the nature, causes, and treatments of abnormal functioning sought by clinical researchers
nomothetic
catatonic behavior refers to
odd motor movements or statue-like rigidity
the finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that:
organic/biological /physical factors can cause mental illness
The use of methadone in drug maintenance programs is controversial because methadone:
produces longer withdrawal symptoms than heroin withdrawal
according to the behavioral paradigm
psychological symptoms are caused by learning
which of the following is not a symptom of binge-eating disorder?
purging - laxatives or vomiting
Jason, a recovering heavy drinker, has been trained to identify the situations that might cause him to drink and to be aware of when he should stop drinking. This approach is known as:
relapse-prevention training
which of following is a projective clinical test?
rorschach ink bloy
which of the following would be most likely to cut out sweets, then eliminate more and more types of foods, but not engage in forced vomiting?
someone experiencing restricting-type anorexia nervosa
the term "schizophrenia" is derived from the Greek for:
split mind
according to the DSM-5, all of the following are considered symptoms of a manic episode, except:
suicidal ideation
to be classified as having a major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least:
two weeks
To receive a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder, an individual must have experienced symptoms for at least:
two years
an individual who is dependent on alcohol is experiencing delirium tremens. this reaction is:
uncommon, starting within three days after an individual stops drinking
the prognosis for those diagnosed with schizophrenia is better in:
undeveloped countries than in developed countries, possibly because of greater social tolerance for those who are different
a false belief that all therapies are equivalent despite differences in the training, experience, theoretical orientation, and personality of the practitioner
uniformity myth
what is the cause of death in the majority of male suicides in the United States?
use of guns
a correlational study of college employees shows a strong positive correlation between self-reported stress levels and days of work missed for illness. from this study, we know that:
while we might be able to predict sick days, it would be inappropriate to suggest a casual relationship based on this study
which of the following suggests a belief that abnormal behavior was caused by evil spirits?
witches
cutting back or stopping substance use may produce unwanted outcomes (e.g., nausea, anxiety, death)
withdrawal
