Final Exam

When a researcher observes social behavior while taking an active role as one of the social actors, this is called:

participant observation

Pointing out, drawing attention to, or requesting an explanation for an offense is which stage of the Repair Rituals?

reproach

A symbolic action that reinforces beliefs and values.

rituals

During a negotiation, when an agreement is not reached, parties often return to the ________________ or the position they occupied before entering the negotiation.

status quo point

Autonomous face is the desire people have to be free from constraints and impositions and occurs when people recognize, encourage, support, and approve the activities of others, particularly those that involve solitude.

true

Avoiding or minimizing threats to our face by seeing other perspectives, allowing changes of mind, and avoiding threatening topics are part of Preventive Face Management.

true

Chilling effect occurs when one person in a relationship withholds grievances from the other, usually due to fear of the other person's reaction.

true

Conflict is inevitable

true

Conflict proneness (usually due to distress) occurs when people take themselves too seriously, don't enjoy what they are doing, or fail to see the humor in their everyday affairs.

true

In a negotiation, the zone of possible agreement between resistance points and aspirational points is known as the bargaining range.

true

Interpersonal violence is when one person tries to impose their will on another by using verbal threats, threatening gestures, planned attacks, physical intimidation, and emotional outbursts.

true

Separating people from the problem keeps our perceptions of the other person apart from our perceptions of the problem or issue.

true

Stressors are the sources of stress

true

The General Aggression Model argues that violence is chosen, or not chosen, based on the way the following factors interact: personal and situation variables, the present internal state of the actor, and the appraisal and decision process.

true

The process of fractionation begins with the in-group disavowing the position of the out-group.

true

This occurs when at least one person smooths over a conflict, gives in to the other, obliges the other, and doesn't make waves.

Accommodation

This occurs when the offended party evaluates an explanation for behavior and honors or rejects it.

Acknowledgement

The ABC Model stands for:

Activating Event, Beliefs, Consequences

You are driving home from work and another driver abruptly cuts in front of your car, almost hitting you. Angry, you exclaim that this person is a psycho. The theory that would best describe your appraisal of the situation is

Attribution theory

If your coworker is prone to sudden mood swings when confronted about work-related tasks, but, fortunately, you are able to complete all your required work without interacting with them personally, which conflict movement strategy would be a good option to use?

Avoidance

An attitude of respect shown in our behavior and treatment of others is called:

Civility

If two coworkers do not personally like one another but have found they are able to complete tasks at work as an effective team by evenly dividing up tasks and assisting the other with shared responsibilities, they are engaging in what manner of conflict management?

Collaboration

A standard with which people determine how satisfactory or attractive a relationship is based on what they feel they deserve.

Comparison Level

The true middle-ground approach to conflict, in which no one fully wins or loses, is

Compromise

Which of the following is not a dysfunctional conflict cycle?

Compromise

The psychological atmosphere impacting a conflict including these opposite concepts: imbalance of power versus equity, distrust versus trust, and defensive versus supportive behavior.

Conflict Climate

An exercise in creating a comparison with something else to explain a conflict is known as

Conflict metaphor

A description of the possible results someone's problematic behavior has for you or others (usually containing the word because) is a

Consequences Statement

The process of making sense of some problem in a new way is known as:

Creativity

A complex approach to understanding situations, which analyzes power relations between the participants in an effort to uncover oppression, exploitation, and injustice.

Critical Theory

When parties in a conflict do not manage in a way that is mutually satisfactory or civil, they are being

Destructive

We cannot necessarily predict how something will turn out based on the way it started, nor can we infer what the beginning stages of a process were based only on our observation of its ending.

Equifinality

A good kind of stress, is a short-term stress that encourages us to expend more energy on important activities and take them more seriously.

Eustress

When considering options for adherence to legal rules while marching during a protest, you choose based on what you stand for. In terms of de Bono's six hats method, we would say you are:

Expressing your beliefs and values via the "yellow hat"

What we do during interactions with others who may support, alter, or challenge our face is called:

Face (impression) management

A playful spirit is fun but will not result in changes in attitude toward life in a way that enables us to lighten up.

False

Accommodation is always the best conflict communication strategy.

False

In a Process View of Conflict, the issue, problem, or focal point of the conflict at the beginning are the prelude to conflict.

False

Neutral speech is "talking up to others," making requests or asking questions (showing that one is in need or is uninformed), speaking softly, and sounding tentative, uncertain, or unsure of oneself.

False

Patriotism is a "love of one's nation as it will be once it has exterminated all its enemies, become totally unified, and achieved its grand purpose of world-historical destiny."

False

Psychodynamic Theory attempts to explain human behavior based on inferences or assumptions made about its causes.

False

Scripts occur when the behaviors of one person intensify the behaviors of another person, creating an escalation of the conflict.

False

The S-TLC system stands for "Stop, Think, Learn, and Communicate."

False

We all have basic communication rights that include refusing requests, changing opinions, asking for help, being listened to, and demanding respect.

False

When we are seeking different outcomes in a conflict, this is known as incompatible means.

False

Intangible issues involve subjective issues. Which of the following is not an intangible issue?

Finances

Someone who has never been violent punches a teammate following a close loss in a game. When questioned, the attacker explains that he broke up with his girlfriend, failed a paper, and had his car broken into in the last few days. Which tool would we use to understand the attacker's behavior?

General aggression model

When people are so committed to the people, goals, and or ideals of a group that they fail to engage in conflict when they should, this is called:

Groupthink

Within systems theory, when a system maintains itself in pursuit of a goal, we say that system is in a state of

Homeostasis

Personalizing the conflict by owning up to personal feelings rather than putting the responsibility on someone else is using:

I-Statements

Goals that are focused on a specific obstacle blocking completion of a task are:

Instrumental Goals

An an interpersonal conflict situation that cannot be resolved by communication and negotiation techniques alone because they involve core worldview issues.

Intractable Issues

Which statement would not describe Psychodynamic Theory?

My behavior and choices are a result of your behavior and choices.

When one does not talk down or talk up to the others but talks to them as equals and relies on "objective language" this is called:

Neutral speech

The conflict management strategy of accommodation would be the bestoption for a party involved in which situation?

No major costs are associated with accommodating the other party

The correct sequence of steps of the Repair Rituals are:

Offending Situation, Reproach, Remedy, Acknowledgement

When a person is trying their best to win a conflict, while simultaneously appearing to be uninterested in the outcome, we would describe that person's communication strategy as

Passive-Aggressive

Refers to a male-female dating or marital relationship in which the man severely and regularly beats the woman, who is left feeling frightened and isolated.

Patriarchal Violence

Which of the following is not a common way of dealing with "the Other"?

Pluralize

Our belief that we are likable and worthy of others' respect.

Positive Face

Which term best describes when a CEO of a company continually instills fear and distrust in their subordinates, rendering the company's workers uncooperative and unhappy.

Power abuse

You recently presented your boss with your new business report. You were unsure if you competed this report to your boss's exact preferences. You use many disclaimers and hedge when asked how the report came out. You are engaging in

Powerless Speech

If a 6-year-old boy is a considered a problem child and his teachers assume he will end up as a poorly-behaved adult, they have failed to use a _____________ , which views conflicts as full of events, phases, and stages with no fixed outcome,

Process View of Conflict Communication

Using your gut feelings or a hunch to solve a problem would be using which of deBono's "hats"?

Red Hat

When an offender offers an account (through excuses or justifications), makes a concession, offers an apology, or acts in a way that combines any of these, this is known as:

Remedy

When participants in a conflict realize that they are involved in a mutually hurting stalemate and recognize a mutually enticing opportunity in order to find a solution to an intractable issue.

Ripeness Theory

Which of the following is not a form of anger management?

STLC

Chase and Jacob find themselves in competition to decorate their homes with Christmas lights. They both have homes roughly the same size, but they are desperate to outshine one another. However, as the amount of lights they install increases, so does both of their electric bills. Each party needs to save money for their holiday shopping. Both Chase and Jacob are now beginning to reconsider why they are even bothering to compete, which is an example of what theory?

Social Exchange Theory

You have had a friend since freshman year whom you find increasingly irritating. While you had planned to attend a party together this weekend, you are reconsidering. You would much rather go to a movie with another friend. But, then you remember how great your "irritating" friend is at calculus, and you do have a calculus midterm next week. The theory that best fits your appraisal of this situation is

Social Exchange Theory

A sports fanatic who is a diehard fan of her school's basketball team often characterizes the entire fan base of her team's opponents as "stupid" and "arrogant." What destructive communication practice is she engaging in?

Stereotyping of the Out-group

All four of your roommates want to participate in a senior prank that involvs moving all the desks from a lecture hall outside. You do not want to participate out of fear of getting in trouble and risking graduating on time. You want to voice this concern to the group, but ultimately say nothing. This is an example of:

The Abeline Paradox

When people forget that there is a real world out there that can hold them responsible for their actions as part of a group, this showcases the phenomenon known as:

The Lucifer Effect

A generic term used to signify members of the out-group who do not share the same views.

The other

A disclaimer that indicates uncertainty or receptivity to suggestions is known as hedging.

True

A truth about the Prisoner's Dilemma is that it offers the illusion of self-interest but is in fact a mixed-motive situation.

True

Distrust means we lack confidence in another person, we do not rely on that person, and/or we are suspicious or wary of her or him.

True

Empathy is the ability to consider another person's beliefs or feelings, so that we can see the situation from the perspective of another.

True

I-statements show assertiveness, which is a positive tactic for dealing with conflict.

True

Pluralism is the socio-cultural reality of discrepant worldviews, ideologies, and moral frameworks, existing side by side to help manage conflicts appropriately.

True

Social exchange theory states that people assess their interpersonal relationships in terms of their value, determined by subtracting the costs from the rewards associated with the relationship.

True

Storing up one's anger over time is part of gunny-sacking.

True

Uncertainty Theory helps explain False Conflict (when one person thinks there is a conflict when there is not).

True

When we colonize "the other," we treat them as inferior, perhaps worthy of pity but more likely with contempt.

True

A friend who has not returned your messages in 2 weeks shows up to your party. You are baffled and angry, but then they immediately smile, approach you, give you a hug, and ask how your semester is going. The theory that would best describe your current appraisal of the situation is:

Uncertainty theory

Upon returning home from a job you hate, you'll typically spend an hour or more telling your partner about the annoying and irritating things from work that day. You are engaging in what mode of anger management?

Ventilation Approach

Parties in conflict can have different understandings of what the initial source of conflict was. They can even assign different meanings to the exact same message. These statements refer to which concept?

accuracy

The definition of interpersonal conflict is a "problematic situation with four unique characteristics." Which of the following is not one the four unique characteristics?

accuracy about details

Someone who is a potentially violent communicator will do all the following, except:

argue logicially

The distance between the resistance points and aspiration levels that exist between negotiators, a zone or possible agreement.

bargaining range

What is the ability to appropriately and effectively use verbal and nonverbal symbols within a given "speech community" (e.g., culture, family, or relationship)?

communication competence

An exchange in which one starts high, concedes slowly, overstates the worth of one's concessions, conceals information, argues forcefully, and outwaits the other. Correct!

competitive negotiation

Occurs when one person grants something of value to the other person without asking anything in return, or when he or she drops a demand on the other.

concession

Argues that in large societies such as the United States, subgroups form that develop values and norms justifying the use of physical force that exceeds the level that the larger culture might tolerate

culture of violence theory

When we don't feel control over a situation, or when the source of stress is unclear, we experience:

distress

Anger is a primary emotion that usually causes stress.

false

Helping each other's "faces" in a conflict is Corrective Face Management.

false

In any negotiation, one can always predict the outcome based solely on its beginning

false

Intangible issues are hard, physical, or observable assets that are often scarce, such that conflicting parties either get what they want or don't get it at all.

false

Verbal abuse is never considered a part of the interpersonal violence cycle.

false

You have 3 final exams and 4 term papers due in one week. You are feeling frustrated and exhausted. You are likely experiencing

hyperstress