FINAL EXAM MED SURG

Tell us about chronic lymphocytic leukemia Patho Onset Clinical manifestations

-accumulation of small abnormal mature B lymphocytes -slow onset -affects older adults -often found during routine exams -vague symptoms -hepatomegaly -lymphadenopathy -splenomegaly

Differentiate clinical manifestations between crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?

Ulcerative colitis -rectum -sigmoid colon -may go to entire large bowel -ulceration in the mucosa**** Crohn's -rectum -sigmoid colon -may go to the entire large bowel -cobblestone appearance****

What is the most common medication used to treat erectile dysfuntion?

Viagra- Sildenafil What would you educated a patient about taking viagra? -take no more than once daily -not for women -contraindicated alpha adrenergic (cadura, tx hypertension, and nitrates) -notify provider if erection last longer than 4 hrs

List symptoms of menopause

-headaches -hot flashes -heart: r/f cardiovascular dx -hair: becomes thinner and loses luster -bones: lose mass and become more fragile -skin: becomes drier and develops a rougher texture -uterus: vaginal dryness, itching, and shrinking -bladder: stress or urge incontinence -teeth: loosen and gums recede -breast: breast drops and flatten, nipples become smaller and flatten

List the risk factors for erectile dysfunction

-inflammation of seminal vesicles -proctectomy -pelvic fractures -back injuries -vascular disease/hypertension -neurological disorders/Parkinson's -endocrine disorders/ DM, thyroid

Tell us about acute lymphocytic leukemia Patho Onset Clinical manifestations

-most common in children -rapid onset -affects B and T cells - elevated number of immature WBC CBC -increased WBC -decreased RBC and platelets -thrombocytopenia - anemia

What are the signs and symptoms of pyloric stenosis?

-projectile vomiting -abdominal distention -constant crying -burping -failure to gain weight -dehydration -wavelike motion to the abdomen after eating -olive like mass

Select the 3 findings from the client's medical record that increases the risk for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) Past med hx: RA and Psoriasis Fam hx: Heart disease and arthritis Social hx: 60 year smoking hx, denies alcohol/substance use Home medications: Naproxen 250mg PO BID PRN pain, Aspirin 325mg PO BID PRN pain, Adalimumab 40mg subcutaneous Nurse note: client reports abdominal distention and dull abdominal pain in the mid-epigastric area, most frequently following a meal. Client denies n&v, hematemesis, or melena. Client returns for consultation with provider regarding results of diagnostic testing and treatment plan for Helicobacter pylori. Provider to schedule client for upper endoscopy evaluation to rule out peptic ulcer disease (PUD).

3 risk factors for PUD -smoking hx -NSAID use -H.pylori diagnosis

What is capillary leak syndrome and what types of patients will the nurse see this in?

The third spacing where there is a continuous leak of plasma from the vascular space into the intestinal space in patients that have suffered severe burns What should the nurse do? -start iv -begin fluids- crystalloids/colloids -monitor vs -monitor for FVO -monitor UO -daily weights

A nurse is assessing a client who is to undergo a left lobectomy to treat lung cancer. The client tells the nurse that she is scared and wishes she had never smoked. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A.) "Its okay to feel scared. Lets talk about what you are afraid of." B.) "Dont worry. The important thing is you have now quit smoking." C.) "I understand your fears. I was a smoker also." D.) "Your doctor is a great surgeon. You will be fine."

A.) "its okay to feel scared. Lets talk about what you are afraid of" -By telling the client not to worry because she has quit smoking, the nurse gives false reassurance and approval. This minimizes the client's feelings and concerns -Telling the client that the nurse understands the fears and disclosing personal information about smoking is inappropriate, since the nurse has not asked the client about her fears. In addition, it is inappropriate to disclose personal information to the client -Telling the client that she will be fine is false reassurance and it demeans the client's concerns

A nurse is caring for a client who has ulcerative colitis and is teaching the client about the common link with Crohn's disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A.) Both are inflammatory B.) Both begin in the rectum C.) Both manifest fistula formation D.) Both require frequent surgery

A.) Both are inflammatory The nurse should inform the client that both disease processes are an inflammatory process of the gastrointestinal tract

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for tamoxifen to treat breast cancer. The nurse should include that which of the following is an adverse effect of this medication? A.)Hot flashes B.)Insomnia C.)Increased apetitte D.)Constipation

A.) Hot flashes Hot flashes are a common adverse effects pf tamoxifen. Other adverse effects include fluid retention, light-headedness, depression, loss of appetite, n&v, and vaginal discharge. The nurse should advise the client these effects should subside when therapy is discontinued all other are not SED of tamoxifen

A nurse in a provider's clinic is caring for a client who reports erectile dysfunction and requests a prescription for sildenafil. Which of the following medications currently prescribed for the client is a contraindication to taking sildenafil? A.) Nitroglycerin B.) Phenytoin C.) Metronidazole D.) Prednisone

A.) Nitroglycerin Clients who are on nitrates including isosorbide and nitroglycerin preparations cannot take sildenafil, because of the serious medication interaction. There is the possibility of sudden death due to hypertension -Phenytoin, an anticonvulsant, is not a contraindication for the prescription of sildenafil -Metronidazole, an anti-infective medication, is not a contraindication for the prescription of sildenafil -Prednisone, a corticosteroid, is not a contraindication for the prescription of sildenafil

A nurse is preparing to administer an osmotic diuretic IV to client with increased ICP. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the purpose of the medication? A.) Reduce edema in the brain B.) Provide fluid hydration C.) Increase cell size in the brain D.) Expand extracellular fluid volume

A.) Reduce edema in the brain Am osmotic diuretic is used to decrease intracranial pressure by moving fluid out of the ventricles into the bloodstream -an osmotic diuretic is used to rapidly reduce intracranial edema and is not used to provide fluid hydration -an osmotic diuretic is used to rapidly reduce brain size, not increase the cell size of the brain - an osmotic diuretics is used to rapidly reduce extracellular fluid volume to decrease brain edema

An acute care nurses receives shift report for a client who has increased intracranial pressure. The nurse is told that the client demonstrates decerebrate posturing. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect to observe when assessing the client? A.) Rigid extension of the arms and plantar extension B.) Rigid extension of the arms and planar flexion C.) Rigid flexion of the arms and plantar flexion D.) Flexion of the neck cause flexion of the knees

A.) Rigid extension of the arms and plantar flexion Extension of the extremities is an indicator of decerebrate posturing -flexion of the extremities is an indicator of decorticate posturing -flexion of the neck that causes flexion of the knee indicates meningitis

A client who has chronic lymphocytic leukemia is starting chemotherapy treatments asks if she needs to make any dietary changes. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? A.) You should avoid drinking liquids and hour before treatment B.) Eating low calorie foods helps prevent nausea C.) Foods that are higher in fat are usually more appealing D.) Raw fruits and vegetables easier for your body to digest

A.) You should avoid drinking liquids an hour before treatment Clients should be encourages to decrease fluid intake just before treatments because fluids may cause n&v

What is the difference between open ended and closed ended questions?

Open-ended questions -describes a situation in more than 1 or 2 words -strengthens relationships show interest Use of direct closed-ended questions -limits answers to yes/no -short answers; helps acquire specific information When is it appropriate to use one technique versus the other????

A nurse is caring for a client who is having a seizure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? SATA A.) Assess the patients airway is patent B.) Place a tongue depressor in the child's mouth C.) Remove objects from the child' bed D.) Place the child in the side-lying position E.) Restrain the child

Seizure interventions A.) Assess the patients airway is patent C.) Remove objects from the child's bed D.) Place the child in the side-lying position Placing something in the client's mouth and restraining can cause injury

A nurse is providing instructions for a patient who is postoperative following a TURP. Which of the following instructions should she include? SATA A.) Avoid sexual intercourse for 3 months after surgery B.)If urine appear bloody, stop activity and rest C.) avoiding drinking caffeinated beverages D.) Take a stool softener E.) Treat pain with ibuprofen

TURP D/C INSTRUCTIONS if urine appears bloody, stop activity and rest avoid drinking caffeinated beverages take as tool softener AVOID NSAIDS CAN RESUME SEXUAL ACTIVITY IN USUALLY 2-6weeks

Name 5 assessments related to appendicitis

- rebound tenderness - pain - nausea - vomiting - low grade fever - anorexia

MED MATH A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and a prescription for digoxin 125 mcg PO daily. Available is digoxin PO 0.25mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero)

0.5 tab

What are the 3 primary treatments for lung cancer (or cancer in general)? What are their common side effects?

1.) Chemotherapy -n&v -alopecia -fatigue -anemia -anorexia 2.) Radiation -skin irritation/burns -fatigue -decreased hemopoietic function- RBC/platelets -decreased nutritional intake 3.) Surgery -Infection -hemorrhage/hematoma -Pneumonia -Atelectasis

MED MATH a nurse is caring for a 1 month infant who weighs 3500g and is prescribed a dose of cephazolin 50mg/kg by intermittent IV bolus three times daily. How many mg should the nurse administer per dose (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

175mg

MED MATH A client is on strict I/Os. Calculate for breakfast 25% of jello cup - 120ml 50% of an 8 ounce cup of coffee 100% of juice- 140ml

25% of jello cup - 120ml --> 30ml 50% of an 8 ounce cup of coffee (30ml per ounce) = 120ml 100% of juice- 140ml total intake = 290ml

MED MATH A nurse is caring for a client who has a NG tube set low intermittent suction. The nurse irrigates the NG tube twice with 30ml of normal saline solution during his shift. At the end of the shift, the NG canister contains 475 mL. What amount of NG drainage should the nurse record? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

415ml need to subtract out the 60ml flushes

MED MATH A nurse is caring for a client who is to receive liquid medications via a gastrostomy tube. The client is prescribed phenytoin 250mg. The amount available is phenytoin oral solution 25mg/ 5mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

50mL

A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV. Which of the following laboratory values is the nurse's priority? A.) Positive western blot test B.) CD4-T count of 180cells/mm C.) Platelet count of 150,000/mm3 D.) WBC of 5,000/mm

B.) CD4-T count of 180cells/mm A CD4-T cell count of less than 180cells/mm indicates that the client is severely immunocompromised and is at high risk for infection. Therefore, this value is the priority for the nurse to report to the provider -the client is already identified as HIV positive. Therefore, another value is the priority over the western blot -all other labs are in normal range

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for prednisone to treat RA. The nurse should inform the client that which of the following is a therapeutic effect of this medication? A.) Reduce the risk of infection B.) Decrease Inflammation C.) Improve peripheral blood flow D.) Increase bone density

B.) Decrease Inflammation Prednisone is used to treat RA because it produces anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, which reduce inflammation, decreases pain, and increases mobility

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has acute leukemia and received an aggressive chemotherapy treatment 10 days ago. Which of the following hematologic laboratory values should the nurse expect? SATA A.)Increased hemoglobin count B.)Decreased leukocyte count C.)Decreased platelet count D.)Decreased erythrocyte count E.)Increased platelet count

B.) Decreased leukocyte count C.) Decreased platelet count D.) Decreased erythrocyte count This is known as pancytopenia

A nurse is teaching a client who has RA about taking methotrexate. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A.) Take and antiemetic 1 hr following administration B.) Drink 2-3 L water per day C.) Take the medications with Ibuprofen D.) Rinse mouth out 2x daily with alcohol based mouthwash

B.) Drink 2-3 L water per day Methotrexate can cause renal toxicity. The client should drink 2-3 L of water per day to promote excretion of the medication

A nurse is planning care for a client who is being treated with chemotherapy and radiation for metastatic breast cancer, and who has neutropenia. The nurse should include which of the following restrictions in the clients plan of care? A.) All visitors from entering the room B.) Fresh flowers and plants in the room C.) Oral fluid intake between meals D.) Activities that could result in bleeding

B.) Fresh flowers and plants in the room Clients who are receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy are likely to become immunocompromised as a result of neutropenia, a decreased WBC count. Because microorgansims are likely to be present on fresh flowers and plants , immunocompromised clients are instructed to eat only thoroughly cooked meals and thoroughly washed fruits and vegetables. Immunocompromised clients are more susceptible to infection. and illness from food-borne bacteria than other clients -It is only necessary to restrict those visitors who would put the client at risk, such as visitors who have manifestations of a cold or other illness -neutropenia has no relationship to fluid intake -neutropenia has no relationship to bleeding

The nurse is caring for a client during the initial days following ostomy surgery for ulcerative colitis. Which area of care is the nurse's priority? A.) Body image B.) Ostomy care C.) Sexual concerns D.) Skin care

B.) Ostomy care Although all areas are of concern for the client and require the nurse to adress it is most important that the nurse address care to ensure the client can safely manage the ostomy at home

A nurse is admitting a client who has acute pancreatitis. Which of the following provider prescriptions should the nurse anticipate? A.) Initiate a low-residue diet B.) Pantoprazole 80mg IV bolus twice daily C.) Ambulate twice daily D.) Pancrelipase 500 units/kg PO three times daily

B.) Pantoprazole 80mg IV bolus twice daily The nurse should anticipate a providers prescription for a PPI to decrease gastric acid production, which ultimately decrease pancreatic secretions -One of the manifestations of acute pancreatitis is abdominal pain. The nurse should anticipate the provider will prescribe withholding of foods and fluids. This serves to manage the clients pain by limitingGI activity and stimulation of the pancreas -the nurse should anticipate a provider prescription for bed rest during the acute stage of pancreatitis. Bed rest decreases the metabolic rate and the secretion of pancreatic enzymes -the nurse should identify the pancrelipase, an enzyme replacement medication, is used in the treatment of clients who have chronic pancreatitis. It is not used in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.

A nurse is obtaining a medical hx from a client who is requesting the herpes zoster (HZV) vaccine. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as a contraindication for receiving this vaccine A.) Post-op hip arthroplasty B.) chronic prednisone use for COPD C.) Hx of varicella as an adolescent D.) Recent travel to the middle east

B.) chronic prednisone use for COPD clients who are taking corticosteroids for long-term management have a depressed immune system and should not receive the HZV vaccine because it is a live virus All other do not place the patient at risk for immunodeficiency

A nurse us caring for a male client who has a new diagnosis of genital herpes (HSV2). which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A.) anuria B.) influenza-like symptoms C.) White or flesh color papillary growths over the genital area D.) Green penile discharge

B.) influenza like symptoms S/x of genital herpes develop 3-7 days after skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. The nurse should expect the client to have influenza-like symptoms, along with genital herpes lesions which appear as small blisters on the genitals. Other symptoms can include painful urination, vaginal discharge, and enlarged lymph nodes in the groin -the nurse should expect a client who has condylomata acuminate (genital warts) to have white or flesh-colored papillary growths in the genital area -the nurse should expect a client who has gonorrhea to have green penile discharge -the nurse should expect a client who has genital herpes (HSV2) to have painful urination or dysuria, but anuria or urine production less than 50ml in 24hrs is not an expected finding

A nurse is caring for a child who is having a tonic-clonic seizure and vomiting. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority? A.) Place a pillow under the child's head B.) Position the child side-lying C.)Loosen restrictive clothing D.)Clear the area of hazards

B.) position the child side-lying The priority is to protect the airway and prevent aspiration all others should be done but always protect the airway first

A nurse is performing discharge teaching for a client who has systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A.)Avoid using moisturizing lotions on your skin B.) Wash your hair with a mild protein shampoo C.)Apply powder liberally to sensitive skin D.)Use a sunscreen with SPF15

B.) wash your hair with a mild protein shampoo clients who SLE are prone to hair loss and should use a mild protein shampoo and avoid treatments that can damage the hair and scalp, such as dyes and permanents -clients who have SLE should apply non-perfumed moisturizing lotions liberally to the skin -clients who have SLE should not use powder or other drying skin products on the skin -clients who have SLE should use a sun-blocking agent with a sun protection factor of at least 30

A clinic nurse is performing a physical assessment on a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A.) A grey colored, non purpuric popular rash B.) a dry, red rash across the bridge of the nose C.) Pitting edema of the hands and fingers D.) skin nodules in the ulnar side of the arm

B.)A dry, red rash across the bridge of the nose a butterfly rash that is dry, red, and raised is characteristic of SLE clients who have RA can have subcutaneous nodules on the ulnar side of the arm

A group of nurses are discussing risk factors for transmission of HIV from clients. Which of the following should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for contracting HIV? A.) An occupational therapist who works with a client with HIV B.) A personal trainer who works with a client with HIV C.) A phlebotomist who collects blood from a client with HIV D.) A nurse who works for an insurance company that collects urine samples from clients who have HIV

C.) A phlebotomist who collects blood from a client with HIV the greatest risk for exposure to HIV is from a needle stick; therefore, the phlebotomist who collects blood is at greatest risk all others are a low risk for contact with bodily fluids

A nurse is assessing a child who is in sickle cell crisis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A.) High fever B.) Bradycardia C.) Pain D.) Constipation

C.) Pain A client who is in sickle cell crisis has severe pain resulting from tissue hypoxia and necrosis -a low grade fever is a manifestation of sickle cell crisis -tachycardia is more common with sickle cell anemia than bradycardia -sickle cell crisis generally affects the lungs and the liver, rather than the GI tract

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has peptic ulcer disease and a new prescription for sucralfate tablets. Which of the following information should the nurse provide? A.) An antacid can be taken if indigestion occurs B.) Take the tablets whole C.) Take sucralfate 1 hr before meals D.) Store sucralfate in the refrigerator

C.) Take sucralfate 1 hr before meals Sucralfate is a mucosal protectant. the client should take it on an empty stomach 1 hr before meals, for maximum effectiveness

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has RA and. a prescription for oral betamethasone. Which of the following statements should the nurse make about how to take this medication? A.)Take this medication between meals B.) Take this medication with orange juice C.) Take the mediation with milk or food D.) Take this mediation on an empty stomach

C.) Take this medication with milk or food milk or food is preferred choice when administering betamethasone to prevent gastric irritation

A nurse is caring for a client who has delayed hypersensitivity reaction. The nurse should expect which of the following manifestations? A.) Bronchospasm B.) Serum sickness C.) tissue damage at the site D.) excessive mucous secretion

C.) Tissue damage at the site the nurse should expect the manifestations of edema, induration, ischemia, and tissue damage at the site occurring hours to days after exposure. A positive purified protein derivative test for tuberculosis is an example of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.

A nurse is admitting a young adult client who has suspected bacterial meningitis. the nurse should closely monitor the client for increased intracranial pressure (ICP) as indicated by which of the following findings? A.) Nuchal rigidity B.) Pupils reactive to light C.) Widening pulse pressure D.) Elevated pressure

C.) Widening pulse pressure A widened pulse pressure is a manifestation of increased ICP. Other manifestations include bradycardia, vomiting, and decreased LOC

A nurse is creating a plan of care for a child who has sickle cell anemia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan? A.)Discourage a high fluid intake B.) Apply cold compress to painful, swollen joints C.)observe for indications of hypokalemia D.) Administer meperidine every 4 hours for pain

C.) observe for indications for hypokalemia The nurse should observe the child for indications of hypokalemia. Diuresis can result in electrolyte loss, leading to hypokalemia -The nurse should encourage a high level of fluid intake -the nurse should apply heat to painful areas. Cold therapy promotes vasoconstriction and sickling -meperidine is not recommended for children who have sickle cell anemia because of the increased risk for seizure activity

Name the 10 cranial nerves and their function

Cranial nerve & Function 1.) Olfactory- smell 2.) optic- vision 3.) Oculomotor- eye movement/pupils 4.) Trochlear- turns eyes downward 5.) Trigeminal- ophthalmic/ mandibular/ maxillary 6.) Abducens- lateral eye movement 7.) Facial- taste/facial movement 8.) Vestibulocochlear- equilibrium 9.) Glossopharyngeal- gag/swallow reflex 10.) Vagus- innervates voluntary muscle/aortic BP/HR/GI stimulation

A nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin 50mg intermittent IV bolus to a client who has a seizure disorder. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A.) Slow the injection if the medication crystalizes B.) Dilute the medication before injecting C.) Follow the injection with sterile water D.) Administer the medication over 1 minute

D.) Administer the medication over 1 minute The nurse should administer phenytoin slowly, no faster than 50mg/min. *******KNOW PHENYTOIN -the nurse should follow the IV injection with sterile 0.9% sodium chloride, not water, to prevent a precipitate developing -The nurse should discontinued the medications if it crystalizes. mixing phenytoin with other solutions can cause a precipitate to form. It should not be added to an existing IV infusion and the tubing should be flushed before and after administration -the nurse should not dilute the IV injection before administration, as phenytoin is given undiluted

A nurse is caring for an older client who has RA and is taking aspirin 650mg every 4 hrs. Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of this medication? A.) WBC count B.) Rheumatoid factor C.) Antinuclear antibody (ANA) D.) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

D.) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) RA is a chronic inflammatory disease. ESR is useful in detecting and monitoring tissue inflammation in clients with RA. As the disease improves the ESR decreases -rheumatoid factor is helpful in diagnosing RA, but the levels do not always correlate with the severity of the disease activity. It will not accurately reflect the effectiveness of the aspirin therapy -ANAs are frequently present in clients who have systemic lupus erythematous and other autoimmune disorders such as RA and scleroderma. Although this clients ANA is likely to be positive (indicating autoimmune disease)k it is not reflective of the effectiveness of the aspirin therapy -WBC count is often done to monitor response to the treatment of infections, but it is not effective in monitoring the response to RA treatment

A nurse is teaching a female client who has a new diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The nurse should recognize the need for further teaching when the client identifies which of the following as a factor that can exacerbate SLE? A.) Sunlight B.) Pregnancy C.) Infection D.) Exercise

D.) Exercise Deconditioning and muscle atrophy occurs asa result of lack of mobility. The nurse should encourage client to engage in conditioning exercises alternated with periods of rest -exposure to sunlight and artificial UV light can cause for an exacerbation of SLE manifestations, especially the characteristic skin manifestations of lesions and butterfly rash -pregnancy can cause an exacerbation of SLE, probably due to hormone changes. The client should be advised of the risks and must be monitored closely for effects on the renal and cardiovascular systems if she decides to get pregnant -Infection is a major stressor on the body and can trigger an exacerbation of the SLE disease process. In addition, many clients who have SLE take steroid medication that place them at higher risks for infection

A nurse is monitoring a client who was admitted with a severe burn injury and is receiving IV fluid resuscitation therapy. The nurse should identify a decrease in which of the following findings as an indication of adequate fluid replacement? A.) BP b.) urine output c.) weight d.) HR

D.) Heart rate When a clients circulating fluid volume is low, the heart rate increases to maintain adequate BP. Therefore, the nurse should identify a decrease in HR as an indicator of adequate fluid replacement

A nurse is caring for a client who has a TBI. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indicator of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)? A.)Tachycardia B.) Amnesia C.) Hypotension D.) Restlessness

D.) Restlessness -Increased ICP is a condition in which the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid or brain matter within the skull exceeds the upper limits for normal. Signs of increasing ICP includes restlessness, irritability, and confusion along with a change in LOC, or a change in speech pattern -Alterations in vital signs, including increased systolic pressure, widening pulse pressure and bradycardia (termed Cushing's triad) are signs of increased ICP -The client who has a TBI may experience a loss of consciousness along with a lack of memory of events prior to or following the injury, but does not indicate an increase in ICP

What are the signs and symptoms of lung cancer? Early vs. Late

Early signs: Cough/chronic cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest/shoulder pain, recurring temperature, recurring respiratory infections Late signs: Bone pain, spinal cord compression, chest pain/tightness, dysphasia, head and neck edema, blurred vision, headaches, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, cachexia, pleural effusion, liver metastasis/regional spread