Final EXAM (ON ALL EXAMS)
26. Media Multiplexity theory suggests that weak ties can be very valuable when they act as _____.
Bridging
37. One is more likely to predict future behaviors when which route is utilized?
Central
Standpoint theory shares common philosophical underpinnings with ______
Marxism
Interpretive theories always suggest __
None of these answers are correct
78. Symbolic Interactionism: a "nerdburful" is an example of
Symbol
58. Media Multiplexity theory: Weak ties are _____ and thus need _____ channels to sustain them.
Uncomplicated, fewer
101. Which of these questions represents what Katz was interested in learning?
What do people do with media?
103. In uses and grats, the audience is _____.
active
159. Rhetoric: The Greeks and Romans distinguished 5 parts for the study of rhetoric. They are
arrangement, invention, delivery, style, memory
138. The Cultural Studies chapter suggests that
articulation about oppression is essential
84. Proofs created by the speaker are called _____.
artistic
45. Larry and Sawyer are in a class together. Sawyer has been slacking and asks Larry if he can cheat off him on the next test. Larry is uncomfortable with the idea, so he purposely sits on the end of the row and asks another friend to sit next to him. Now Sawyer can't cheat off him. Festinger would say Larry is
changing his behavior so it is more in line with his cognition
41. If I realize I am behaving in a way that is not reflective of my beliefs, I will be uncomfortable. This is called
cognitive dissonance
105. Personalizing experiences comes from which of McLuhan's ages ?
digital
112. The overt expression of physical force as part of the plot is how Gerbner defined _____ and is most relevant to _____.
dramatic violence, message system analysis
96. Media ecologists study _____.
how life & cultural changes happen from people's interaction with the media
64. Cultural performances include
imaginative use of language and stories
107. The magic bullet model & the hypodermic needle model are alternative names for_______________
the uniform-effects model
117. Tannen's confidence for overcoming destructive interaction lies primarily in
understanding each other's style and the motives behind it
71. Frederick Taylor is associated with _____
"one best way" to get things done
80. Social Judgement theory: use the scale below, if my position is at "3" and you send me a message that is at "10" the boomerang effect suggests I might end up at _____.
1 or 2
Social Judgment theory: Using the scale below, if my position is at "3" and you send me a message that is at "10," the boomerang effect suggests I might end up at ____.
1 or 2
57. Media Multiplexity Theory: Mansour began playing soccer with friends in college. Post-graduation, they played in a league on Saturday mornings. They used a group text to schedule practices for two nights a week, after which they go out for food and fun. Over the years, they have become Facebook friends, texting buddies, and have begun to include their families in holiday potlucks, birthday celebrations, and other events. This social network would be called
A strong tie
Being "parsimonious" suggests ________
A theory is simple as it can be
The printing press allowed for mass production of books and reading materials, and some argue that it acted as a predecessor to ______
A. the industrial revolution
We talked about Values Clarification for interpretive theories in class. We said that values-conscious scholarship refers to
Acknowledging researcher biases and standpoints
51. Bill is interested in dating Shanice, but first, he wants to learn more about her. He decides to ask his brother Charlie, who has met Shanice on a few occasions. Which type of information-seeking strategy in URT is Bill using?
Active
An interpretive theorist offers an organized, succinct, and transparent discussion while enlightening the reader via metaphors, imagery, narratives, and illustrations. Which standard of strong interpretive theories does this fulfill?
Aesthetic appeal
Clarity, artistry, and creativity are parts of the ____ standard for ____ theories
Aesthetic appeal, interpretive
104. Sue enjoys playing games, watching videos, and connecting with her friends on her phone. She also goes on blogs and Facebook where she can vent her feelings, both positive and negative; she loves it when someone "likes" her posts. Her mom, on the other hand, is constantly asking Sue to "get off that stupid phone!" Her mom says she isn't interacting with people enough, especially her family. Her mom wants her to enjoy TV with the rest of the family. This scenario is indicative of which of Katz's assumptions?
All of the answers in this question are true.
144. Media and Culture Introduction: Postmodernism refers to notions regarding
All of these answers are correct
Launching Your Study of COMM, Chapter 1: We use any kind of theory, in general, to
All of these answers are correct (except the "none of these" answer)
127. What impact do strong negative stereotypes of an out-group have on my initial orientation for interaction with another person?
All of these answers are correct.
Talk About Theory, Chapter 2: Objectivists do NOT emphasize individual freedom because _________
As individual freedom increases, predictability of behavior decreases
Objective theories attempt to _____.
Ascertain the universal laws of human behavior
Interpretive scholars________
Assume that people create multiple meanings of reality
61. Louise is a rabid Republican. Barry is a diehard Democrat. When Louise starts offering a new argument about why Mr. Trump is great, Barry tunes her out because he views the data she's offering about Trump to be tainted. This may or may not be true, but Barry uses his predetermined conclusions to impact whatever Louise says. This is called _____.
Biased elaboration
An interpretive scholar is A. trying to prove a theory is correct. B. is not trying to prove a theory is correct. C. often uses others' theories to help inform the interpretation.
Both "b" and "c" is correct
Littlejohn, et al, suggested ___________
Both interpretive and objective theories should offer insight or "aha" moments
Talk About Theory, Chapter 2: "What is" and "what ought to be" are notions associated with
Both objectivists and interpretivists
Launching Your Study of COMM, Chapter 1: How does Griffin, et. al., explain why it's important to know the names of the theory authors/creators?
Building theory is hard work; the authors deserve recognition
62. Being likely to withstand counter-persuasion is most likely to occur with which route?
Central
I get emotional every time I watch/hear/read Martin Luther King's "I Have Dream" speech. This exemplifies _____ since the message elicited a response.
Communication
70. Molly is accustomed to a 30-minute phone call with her husband, Art, each day. For the last few days, though, Art has been busy and has only been able to talk for five minutes at lunch. As a result, Molly is feeling unsatisfied in her relationship because she really looks forward to that 30-minute catch-up time with Art. Which concept from social penetration theory does this illustrate?
Comparison level
10. Riley has no interest in dating other people but his girlfriend, Lana, does. She just thinks they're too young to be tied down to one person. She finds herself regularly watching other people's relationships and watching TV shows about relationships; she has decided there are many fish in the sea and she should be fishing! Social Penetration theory suggests Lana is using _____ to help her decide what to do.
Comparison level of alternatives
Launching Your Study of COMM, Chapter 1: To help define communication, Griffin suggests that there is _____ in the creation of messages.
Conscious choice
Which of the communication research traditions concerns how language perpetuates power imbalances?
Critical theory
55. Media Multiplexity theory takes an objective approach.
Cybernetic, the structure of a network to determine how information flow is shaped
If i want to know how big decisions seem to get made in an organization, I might do a "network analysis" trying to find out who talks to whom about those decisions. This would fall under the rubric of
Cybernetics
Which of the communication research traditions concerns how information flows through a system?
Cybernetics
163.According to Cultivation Theory, the _____ of TV's messages increases when the world depicted on TV _____ the one in which a person lives.
D. cultivating power, resonates with
Frank watches the daily news program to learn about the latest updates on COVID-10. He really wants to get his business open again but also he wants to be safe for himself, his employees and everyone else. Katz might say Frank is using media for ____
Decision-making
11. Social Penetration theory says the degree of disclosure in a specific area of an individual's life is called_______________
Depth
__________ is the assumption that behavior is caused by heredity and environment.
Determinism
Objective scholars focus on _____ while interpretivists focus on ____
Determinism, free will
Talk About Theory, Chapter 2: The term, "emancipation" is used to differentiate the goal of interpretivists from objectivists. This refers to
Empowerment of new ideas
Talk About Theory, Chapter 2: Which of the following regards how we know what we know?
Epistemology
When I traveled to China, I ate from street vendors. I often stayed in small towns, and I always tried to be early if I was going to a new place so I could watch the locals' behaviors. I was trying to understand their culture by immersing myself in and trying to "blend in." This is a scaled-down, simplistic example of
Ethnography
_______________ manipulate variables in tightly controlled situations to find out if predicted , effects occur
Experiments
Talk About Theory, Chapter 2: The twin objectives of scientific knowledge are _____
Explaining the past and present and predicting future
Which of the following is a purpose of a scientific/objectivist theory?
Explanation of universal laws of human behavior
118. Tannen believes that a brother and sister, raised in the same home, with the same parents, will be members of the same speech community.
False
147. Communication between organizational members must always include the four flows.
False
158. The theories in Organizational Communication section of the text represent full support for classical management theory.
False
161.Uses and Gratifications suggests people are affected by the media in exactly the same ways.
False
170. There are two dimensions to face concern for Ting-Toomey, self and other
False
23. According to Media Multiplexity theory, strongly ties pairs use less media to sustain their relationships than weakly tied pairs because their relationships are already strong.
False
57. All four flows are not required for creating an organization.
False
60. These four flows have to occur in the same locale (the same place) for an organization to be created.
False
77. Functional Group theory recognizes the value of off-topic conversation that builds cohesion.
False
88. Dramatizing messages, by definition, must concern something on which the group is currently working.
False
89. If a group begins to symbolically converge thus creating group consciousness, this means the group will become more cohesive.
False
Gerbner was most interested in TV violence. As a result, all of the research on cultivation theory since Gerbner's work has focused only on TV violence.
False
Launching Your Study of COMM, Chapter 1: Griffin suggests that communication experts use communication theories all the time. He argues this allows a "life fulfilled."
False
Objective and interpretive research efforts are mutually exclusive; this means that choosing to do one type of research over the other excludes the other. There are no overlaps between them as they have no similarities
False
Objectivists suggest that theory validation must occur because knowledge can never be "neutral."
False
Only objective theories need validation.
False
Tannen says that tag questions are often used by all speech communities.
False
Fisher suggests that two standards operate to help us evaluate the worth of stories. They are ____
Fidelity & coherence
52. Berger developed his URT theory to explain _____.
First-time encounters
155. An enthymeme uses deductive logic, which moves from ____ to ____.
General, specific
59. According to McPhee, _____ separates an organization from a crowd.
Goals
In discussing what makes a good theory, Littlejohn, et al, suggested______________
Good theories have staying power and remain interesting
83. Aristotle claimed that _____ builds high source credibility.
Goodwill
124. Who are the theorists associated with Standpoint theory?
Harding & Wood
17. Lily is a new store employee. She's not certain about whether employees ever leave a few minutes early but she sees nothing wrong with it if the store isn't busy. She decides to ask a coworker to punch her time card for her with the intention of saying she was just kidding if the coworker seems displeased. This is an example of which URT information seeking tactics?
Hedging
The central question addressed by epistemology is
How do we know what we know, if we know it at all?
24. Media Multiplexity theory: You and your cousin just started texting each other, which you two had never done before (you always just called each other). Whether this medium change improves the strength of your tie may depend on:
How much you enjoy texting as a medium.
Narrative Paradigm: How do people gauge a story's truth or fidelity; how do they determine what is humane? Fisher suggests there is a(n) ____ that help guide people to decide what is truthful and humane.
Ideal audience
148. Happy Hamburgers has had an E.coli contamination in some of their burger meat. Their PR department must get the company's information out to the public in the best manner possible. This activity helps with _____.
Institutional positioning
The label, "humanist," is typically associated with _____ work.
Interpretive work
If I publish a(n) _____ theory, I must receive acceptance and support from my colleagues that also study communication theories. This reflects the ____ standard for these types of theories.
Interpretive, community of agreement
Little Sally's mom told her, "You can be anything you want to be when you grow up, Sally. You can be President of the USA if you want! The world is your oyster." Sally's mom is coming at life and human nature from a _____ perspective
Interpretivist & free will
Launching Your Study of COMM, Chapter 1: The idea that communication is a relational process was discussed in class to indicate that
It takes place between two or more people and it is ever-changing
Uses and Grats theory was developed by ______.
Katz
5. Which of the following demonstrates the looking-glass self in action?
Keith knows he's a good soccer player because his coach always says he's "the best."
72. When co-owners negotiate privacy rules, a reluctant confidant is ____ likely to follow those rules.
Less
Which is NOT one of the canons of rhetoric?
Listening
Phonetic Alphabet is of primary importance to which of McLuhan's ages?
Literacy
66. Aronson wasn't convinced that _____ produced dissonance. He thought it was more likely to be _____.
Logical inconsistency, psychological inconsistency regarding the self-concept
79. George Herbert Mead suggests that there are two parts of the self in his Symbolic Interaction theory. Which part is the reflective and socially aware self?
Me
49. Symbolic Interactionism: When people talk about ethical behavior, they often say things like, "Would you be OK with doing XYZ if your behavior were published on the front page of your hometown newspaper that your family and friends read every day?" The idea is that we don't want people that are meaningful to us to see us doing unethical things. Mead says this is indicative of the _____ interacting with the _____.
Me, generalized other
In Uses & Grats, the magic bullet theory suggested _____
Media affects everyone the same
Launching Your Study of COMM, Chapter 1: "Words don't mean things, people mean things." This idea refers to what aspect of the definition of communication used by your text?
Message interpretation
4. Symbolic Interactionism suggests that _____ refers to our moment of reflective pausing as we talk to ourselves to sort out meaning.
Minding
67. Festinger suggested the best way to stimulate an attitude change is to offer others barely enough motivation to make them act in a manner counter to their attitude. He called this
Minimal justification hypothesis
20. Communication Privacy Management: Renee told Monica that she is leaving their company but told Monica to keep it to herself. The next week at the staff meeting, in front of everyone, Monica accidentally asked Renee how the job search was going. According to Communication Privacy Management, which of the factors of boundary turbulence did Monica display?
Mistakes
75. The fundamental claim of Media Multiplexity theory is that tie strength drives the use of ____ media.
Multiple
53. Communication Privacy Management: Sam and Eugene are friends. Sam chooses to tell some very personal and private information to Eugene; Sam assumes Eugene won't tell anyone, but they don't actually talk about the treatment of the information. A week later, Sam gets upset when he learns Eugene told several others his private information. Sam and Eugene's failure to _____ has led to relational _____.
Negotiate rules, turbulence
54. In Communication Privacy Management theory, boundary linkage, ownership and permeability are
Negotiated and established through thick or think relationships Established through communication and negotiated
Local knowledge or members' unique rules for interaction reflect the _____ standard for _____ theories
New understanding of people, interpretive
Talk About Theory, Chapter 2: Courtroom lawyer: "Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, the evidence simply speaks for itself! This is how we can know, without a doubt, that the defendant is guilty!" This lawyer is arguing from an _____ perspective
Objective
Launching You Study of COMM, Chapter 1: Notions about cause and effect are more relevant to
Objective Research
The label, "behavioral scientists," is typically associated with ___ work.
Objective work
The label, "critical scholars" is typically associated with _____ work.
Objective work
The label, "scientists", is typically associated with ____ work.
Objective work
The label, "social constructionists," is typically associated with _____ work.
Objective work
77. Communication Privacy Management theory suggests that people use personal privacy rules to control their private information and that these rules are impacted by a variety of items. Which of the following is NOT one of the items discussed that impact rule selection?
Obligation
Launching Your Study of COMM, Chapter 1: Words and other symbols are considered polysemic. This means they are
Open to multiple interpretations
Some TV commercials show dying dogs and cats, or starving children, all to get donations. These ads are making what kind of appeals?
Pathos
38. Vulnerability to counter-persuasion is likely to occur with which route?
Peripheral
63. If a person is distracted and unable to process a message/argument, he/she is more likely to choose the _____ route to process information.
Peripheral
Which of the communication research traditions concerns how we understand an event from the standpoint of those in the event?
Phenomenological
Julius said, "Nobody understands what it's like to be me!" A ____ would say this is one reason why communication is so complex and rife with misunderstandings; no one can experience another person's experience.
Phenomenologist
"I know just how you feel!" That sentence is abhorred by _____.
Phenomenologists
When people can benefit from actually using a theory in "real life," this represents the _____ standard for _____ theories.
Practical utility, objective
Experiments and surveys are part of which scientific standard for judging objective theories
Quantitative research
Surveys and empirical research are examples of _____ & _____ research, respectively.
Quantitative, objective
Objective theories use _____ research while interpretive theories use _____ research
Quantitative, qualitative
156. The idea that people make decisions based on arguments is part of the ___________ paradigm.
Rational-world
Which of the communication research traditions concerns how language helps change the minds of others?
Rhetorical theory
64. "Quick, before they're gone!" is a peripheral route cue based on
Scarcity
43. Ryan is a member of an ultra-conservative family which only interacts with people inside their circle, namely, other ultra-conservative families. They do this so that their beliefs will only be strengthened. According to Cognitive Dissonance Theory, they're engaging in ______.
Selective exposure
69. Republicans place a great deal of trust in Fox News. An avid Trump supporter, Vondell picks Fox News to catch the latest election updates. Festinger would say that Vondell's behavior represents _____.
Selective exposure
When we talked about nerdburfuls in class, this exemplified the _____ tradition of communication research
Semiotic
Which of the communication research traditions concerns how meanings for symbols change & impact people?
Semiotics
12. When you swipe through profiles on an online dating site, you can see the Facebook friends you have in common with each potential match. The more people you have in common, the less uncertain you are about that person. Which axiom of URT does this illustrate?
Shared Networks
22. Communication Privacy Management: Jessie tells Shondra about her pregnancy with Mike. Jessie also tells Shondra to not tell anyone about the pregnancy. Shondra keeps her word and does not tell a soul. Shondra is considered to be a _________ of Jessie's private information?
Shareholder
50. Social penetration theory says that we regulate closeness based on rewards and costs. From which theory is this idea borrowed?
Social exchange theory
If I'm a researcher trying to find the "universal laws of communication," I'm going to be focused on "what is" (and not be biased by my own view of "what ought to be"). I'm likely to be working under the ____ tradition
Social psychological
Which of the communication research traditions concerns how communication creates the realities in which we live
Socio-cultural
Which of the communication research traditions concerns what cause-effect patterns help predict behavior?
Socio-psychological
81. You're a professional athlete talking to an auditorium full of young aspiring athletes. You have their undivided attention as they want to know more about your success story and any tips you have for them. According to the elaboration likelihood model, what do you need to convey your message?
Strong arguments
Launching Your Study of COMM, Chapter 1: In the discussion regarding what constitutes a message, we said that a message is a stimulus that
That can be verbal or nonverbal
82. According to Cognitive Dissonance theory, dissonance increases with ____ and ___
The impact of the decision, the difficulty of reversing the decision
Launching Your Study of COMM, Chapter 1: The idea that no theory can fully portray the richness of the constantly changing interaction between people is discussed in reference to the _____ metaphor
Theories as maps
Launching Your Study of COMM, Chapter 1: The idea that some theories can be constructed to focus on large, grand ideas about communication while others can be constructed to focus on smaller, more focused ideas about communication is discussed in reference to the _____ metaphor.
Theories as nets
The basic activity of the behavioral scientist is___________________________
Theory testing
27. According to Mark Granovetter, what is the strength of weak ties as used in Media Multiplexity theory?
They give us access to a diverse set of resources
65. People are more likely to be influenced by what a message says rather than the characteristics of the person who says it when...
They have a personal stake
113. Helen and Katherine are new roommates who have just met each other for the first time. As they reduce uncertainty about each other over the next few days, what does Uncertainty Reduction theory predict regarding their nonverbal warmth?
They will start by being nonverbally cool, but then increase that warmth.
18. Which is NOT one of the five factors determining privacy (personal privacy rules) in Communication Privacy Management theory?
Time
145. The Media Effects introduction section suggests that rapid changes in new media technology are creating divergent results making conclusions difficult to draw at this time.
True
146. Genderlect & Standpoint theories are discussed in the Gender & Communication introduction section as theories which assert that understanding sexual identity must be informed by culture and communication.
True
46. Influence Introduction: The main foci of the theories in the Influence section of your book do not address the ethical implications of persuasion.
True
58. McPhee believes that all organizations have goals.
True
63. McPhee believes different flows can address different audiences, and the same message can address multiple flows.
True
68. Dennis was offered a free membership for life if he would be in an ad promoting the excellent personal trainers at XYZ Gym. He knows the trainers aren't any good, but he wants the membership for the equipment. Mark was offered a two week membership to do the same. Festinger would say that Mark is more likely to change his attitude toward the trainers and the gym because he was offered so little (two week membership membership) to do so.
True
Launching Your Study of COMM, Chapter 1: In class we discussed that there is no such thing as a lack of communication.
True
59. In Social Judgement theory, the degree to which you assimilate or contrast depends on
Your ego-involvement
60. Ego-involvement is defined as
Your sense of personal relevance
21. According to Communication Privacy Management, when Jan and Bob become co-owners of private information about Jan, it creates _____.
a collective boundary
123. Standpoint theorists believe________________
a culture is not experienced identically by all members
152. When discussing Functional Group Theory, we talked about how criteria are _____.
a means by which to judge solutions
97. Television is an example of which of McLuhan's ages?
a medium
150. The Functional Approach to groups is considered to be ___.
a prescriptive theory
A "text" in Communication Theory refers to_________________
a record of a message that can be analyzed
94. Media Ecology's notion of the "global village" refers to _____.
a state of "all-at-onceness"
162. Gerbner says trying to determine what policies and practices exist in media companies______
a. helps explain why media produce certain types of messages
130. In Communication Accommodation theory, Giles notes that the constant movement away from or toward others by changing your communicative behavior is called
accommodation
61. EMT 1 uses jargon to communicate with a coworker, EMT 2. This allows the EMT's to avoid scaring surrounding family members while being very expedient and clear about the patient's condition with one another. Now they can do their jobs without distraction. This is an example of _____.
activity coordination
40. Laura knows she was less than truthful with her customer's questions about buying a new car; she needed that sale. Cooper believes Laura will feel dissonance about her behavior toward her customer because of Laura's sense of _____.
affection for her customer
31. Sara knows exactly how she feels about exercise. She enjoys it, believes it is good for her body, and it makes her feel more energetic. She even got certified so she can teach classes; that creates a responsibility to others that won't allow her to skip a day. Social Judgment theory says Sara___________
all of these answers are correct
35. Petty and Cacioppo said that people's motivation for elaboration is ___
all of these answers are correct
32. John recently learned his terminally sick friend has decided to try a type of therapy that is unapproved by the FDA to help him overcome his illness. Having never thought much about doing anything other than following "doctor's orders," John doesn't really know how he feels about his friend's decision. Social Judgment theory says John _____.
all of these answers are correct (except the "none of these" answer)
133. Ting-Toomey's notion of face concern refers to _____.
all of these answers can be correct
168. Laura's mom got really sick and was in the hospital for several months. Laura went to see her every day, sometimes spending the night there because she never felt the hospital staff was tending to her mom as they should; she even wondered if they misdiagnosed her and treated her incorrectly. Her mom passed away and Laura became quite active in lobbying groups that attempt to get medical personnel held more accountable for their actions. Several years later she met a guy at a party. They hit it off, spending the evening laughing and talking. When he told her he was an ER doctor, Laura suddenly wasn't as interested in him as she had been. Giles would say Laura's decreases interest was due to
any of these answers could be correct
128. The meaning or interpretation I attached to an observation is called a(n)
attribution
7. Lucy is going through huge changes in her world. She is eager to feel more balanced so she's decided to take a major trip. She's going to Bali where she hopes to learn deep meditation skills, recover sense of self, spend time fine-tuning mindfulness techniques, and do yoga every day. Lots of solitary soul searching will be involved. The Johari Window would suggest that Lucy is attempting to uncover her________________
blind and/or unknown selves.
An interpretive scholar is?
both "b" and "c" are correct
49. Fisher uses the term "paradigm," instead of "theory", because feels it indicates the _____ of his narrative perspective on communication.
breadth
36. Robust persistence of an attitude is most likely to occur with which route?
central
"A good interpretive theory often generates _____."
change
55. When characters in an internally consistent story act reliably, Fisher asserts the story (is) _____.
coherent
71. Theorems follow from_______, of which Berger used several in URT.
combining two axioms
68. Geertz's work was used by Pacanowsky & O'Donnell-Trujillo (P & O-T) to determine that
communication creates organizational webs of significance
91. Arsenault discussed SCT and suggested it is grounded in the belief that
communication creates reality
114. According to Tannen, women seek _____, while men seek _____.
connection, status
111. Gerbner used _____ to perform careful, systematic analyses of TV content.
content analysis
129. Communication Accommodation theory suggests that desire for approval usually results in _____ while need for distinction results in _____.
convergence, divergence
76. What type of communication in decision-making groups is needed in order to get the group back on track?
counteractive
125. Standpoint theory represents the _____ tradition
critical
119. Tannen's theory asserts that gender differences in communication should be considered
cross-cultural communication
69. _____ is how organizational members constitute and reveal their culture to themselves & others.
cultural performance
6. Social Penetration theory says the degree of penetration in relationships is equated with______.
degree of intimacy
154. According to Aristotle, the function of rhetoric is
discovering the available means of persuasion
75. Anna, Carly, and Lexie are working on a group project together in their class. Their task is to create a video that highlights class concepts. Every time they try to record, Lexie makes silly faces to get the other girls to laugh. Lexie's behavior would be considered _____.
disruptive
90. A pun uttered in a group is considered a type of _____.
dramatizing message
93. Global Village comes from which of McLuhan's ages?
electronic
100. According to Katz, what is the most basic motivation of why people consume media?
enjoyment
66. A type of research that maps social discourse is called a(n) _____.
ethnography
151. Which of the four functions is prioritized as the most crucial to ensure a quality decision?
evaluation of negative consequences of alternative solutions
15. Sarah's daughter started dating a guy that Sarah isn't too sure about; he just worries Sarah. Of course, Sarah got online and started doing searches for the guy to see if he had a police record and to try to find him on Facebook to see what kind if posts he made. URT would suggest Sarah is using a _____ strategy.
extractive
A good objective theory is one that can be______
falsified
50. To Fisher, if a story is not consistent with what an audience holds true to their experience(s), the story lacks narrative _____.
fidelity
53. If a story is not consistent with what an audience holds true to their experience(s), the story lacks narrative _____.
fidelity
122. Standpoint theory suggests that ____ is a ____ construction, rather than a ____ characteristic.
gender, cultural, biological
157. Group Communication Introduction: Janis (1972) described deeply cohesive groups in which members push rational thought to the back-burner in efforts to remain unanimous in decision-making. He called this
groupthink
16. Joyce is really uncertain about her new, budding relationship with Jim. She wants to know more and Jim seems to feel the same way about Joyce. URT would suggest they will engage in _____
high levels of reciprocity.
169.Self-construal refers to_____.
how one's self-image is seen to be interdependent vs. independent with one's culture
82. Proofs not created by the speaker are called _____.
inartistic
13. In URT, Berger assumes that when strangers meet, their primary concern is to___________________
increase predictability about the behavior of themselves and others
143. The Intercultural Communication preface suggests that power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and individualism are considered to be "crucial" dimensions for cultural comparisons. Which of the four do many researchers believe to be the most crucial?
individualism
136. Ting-Toomey uses a person's "type of culture" as part of her theory. This refers to _____ cultures.
individualistic vs. collectivistic
109. If I were to research how many movie studios are run by women, I might find there are very few. This would help me understand why women are portrayed the way they are in movies. This is an example of Gerbner's _____.
institutional process analysis
164. Gerbner's approach includes____________________
institutional process analysis, message system analysis, cultivation analysis
3. Symbolic interactionism suggests that the mind, self and society are_________________
interdependent on one another.
Symbolic Interactionism is a/an _____theory.
interpersonal
140. Cultural studies is a(n)
interpretive and neo-Marxist critique
Talk About Theory, Chapter 2: Little Sally's mom told her, "You can be anything you want to be when you grow up, Sally. You can be President of the USA if you want! The world is your oyster." Sally's mom is coming at life and human nature from a _____ perspective.
interpretivist & free will
81. The _____ canon refers to the places one hunts for argument, or topoi.
invention
42. Jessica has just accepted an invitation to go to UNC Charlotte for graduate school. This decision will influence the rest of her career and, once she made the decision, there's no going back. It's a done deal. She's now freaking out, wondering if she made the right decision. She's in a dissonant state because
it was a decision that can't be reversed
30. In his discussion of Social Judgment theory, Griffin states that the process of attitude change includes, first, _____ which is then followed by _____.
judging the message's distance from our anchor, shifting/not shifting our anchor
Emily is a staunch vegetarian and has always been against people eating meat to the point of surrounding herself with vegetarians. She just met a new man that she really likes a lot and wants to date but she just learned he wants meat at every meal. She's feeling uncomfortable about compromising her values so she spends some time thinking about whether she should date him or not. She finally decides and tells her friend, "Well, I never thought I would hear myself saying this but just because I don't eat meat doesn't mean he can't, so I think it'll be OK to date him." Cognitive Dissonance theory would say she is ___.
justifying her future dates with him by changing one of her cognitions
8. Christina has been dating Malcolm for about a year but she is starting to lose interest; she's not as attracted to him as she was before. She is beginning to dislike how he seems to talk down to her all the time and has concluded that he's a possessive control freak. Christina's past boyfriends acted this way and, compared to the relationships she sees her friends having lately, this one doesn't seem to have much to offer. Social penetration theory would predict that Christina and Malcolm's relationship will become
less stable because the comparison level of alternatives suggests outside relational alternatives are more attractive.
106. Phonetic Alphabet comes from which of McLuhan's ages?
literacy
153. Goals are
long-term
67. Early organizational theories utilized a _____ metaphor
machine
98. A term for human-involved technology that extends the range, speed, or channels of communication is called _____.
media
62. Hiring a person to become a member of an organization is an example of which flow?
membership negotiation
73. Objectives are
mid-term to short-term
74. When discussing Functional Group Theory, we said objectives are _____.
mid-term to short-term
135. When both parties have concerns for their own images as well as for the image of the public relationship between the two parties, this is called _____.
mutual-face
52. The idea that people make decisions based on good reasons is part of the _____ paradigm.
narrative
142. The idea that mass media maintain dominance of those already in power is typically associated with the Cultural Studies approach of
none of these answers are correct
74. According to Media Multiplexity theory, the ___ of media employed by two people in a relationship seems to drive ___.
number, tie strength
110. Gerbner's theory is more _____.
objective
39. If the central route is being used, your decision will be influenced by whether you let the facts speak for themselves (_____) or using your predispositions to impact your elaboration (_____).
objective thinking, biased thinking
The label, "rhetoricians," is typically associated with _____ work.
objective work
126. In recognizing how important perception is to the process of interpreting another person's intent and/or disposition, Giles uses suggests a two-step process that includes _____ and _____.
observation & attribution
116. Tannen asserts that _____ speech communities teach us how to interact.
our childhood
73. The main parts of Communication Privacy Management theory are _____.
ownership, control, and turbulence
99. Denise follows Kim Kardashian on social media and often responds to posts made by the celebrity. Denise feels like she has a close relationship with Kim and would give just about anything to meet her. Denise has developed what Rubin might call a/an _____.
parasocial relationship
54. What is "the essence of human nature" to Fisher?
people are storytelling animals
131. Giles suggests we have two different "identities" that might be engaged when people interact with one another. They are the ______ and ______ identities.
personal & social
34. Which of the following is NOT described in the book as a peripheral cue?
personal relevance
76. Jennifer and Mark just made an offer on their first home after a long and tedious search. Now they are second guessing themselves, wondering if they made the right decision. Fortunately, their real estate agent is there to support them and tell them it was a great decision. This is an example of
postdecision dissonance and the need for reassurance
95. Visual environment comes from which of McLuhan's ages?
79. According to Hirokawa & Gouran, the requisite functions of a group are
problem analysis, goal setting, identification of alternatives, evaluation of alternatives
166. Standpoint theorists believe the hierarchical nature of cultures
provide different experiences (power, opportunities, etc.) for all
9. Social Penetration Theory is a_______________
relationship development theory
25. Communication Privacy Management and Media Multiplexity are both _____ theories.
relationship maintenance
168. Laureen: "Jeez, I can't believe I acted so silly when Jeff came in the room, but I always melt when I see him!" This is an example of Communication Accommodation theory's concept of
self-handicapping
56. Your boss tells you and three others that you'll oversee putting the annual retreat together. The four of you start meeting to decide who will do what, when, where, and how. This is an example of which of the flows McPhee posited?
self-structuring
85. Plato viewed rhetoric _____, while Aristotle viewed it as _____.
skeptically, neutral
28. With Media Multiplexity theory, Haythornthwaite began by asking questions similar to which other communication theory and/or tradition?
social information processing theory and the cybernetic tradition
102. Theo watches "Game of Thrones" to be able to discuss the show with his friends. Of which one of the reasons people use media is this an example?
social interaction
The interpretive scholar strives for
social relevance
86. Inductive logic moves from _____ to _____.
specific, general
51. Narration is understood to be _____
symbolic action having sequence and meaning for the parties involved
87. When two or more symbolic worlds incline toward one another, Bormann calls this _____.
symbolic convergence
149. When discussing Functional Group Theory, we said there are two dimensions to group work, _____ and _____.
task, social
72. There are two dimensions to group work, _____ and _____.
task, social
70. When a college sorority conducts an initiation ceremony. Pacanowsky would call this _____.
text that articulates aspects of cultural life
2. George Herbert Mead suggests there are two parts of the self in his Symbolic Interaction theory. Which part is the spontaneous and socially unaware self?
the "I"
65. The Human Relations movement resulted from
the Hawthorne Studies
108. "Mainstreaming" in Cultivation Theory refers to___________________
the development of common outlooks among different types of people due to heavy viewing of similar messages
92. The basic unit of analysis, the subject matter, or building block of a group's view of reality is
the fantasy theme
139. The "manufacture of consent" refers to
the management of public opinion
121. Standpoints oppose _____.
the status quo
47. Relationship Maintenance: One reason Media Multiplexity theory is said to be a complex balancing act is because
the theory looks at how people juggle multiple communication channels for relationships
Launching Your Study of COMM, Chapter 1: The idea that we can use theory to shape our perception of the world, focusing on some things and not others is discussed in reference to the _____ metaphor.
theories as lenses
A ______ is a set of systematic, informed hunches about the way things work.
theory
165. Tannen risks offending some people by insisting
there are gender differences in the way we speak
48. Interpersonal Introduction: Griffin suggests that Interpersonal Communication is like charades because
there are many factors simultaneously impacting the collaborative actions[a]
120. Standpoint Theory suggests that realities about gender are defined by
those at the top of a social hierarchy
78. Functional Group theory has, as an overall purpose, to
to provide insight on how to make effective group decisions
160. Acoustic environment comes from which of McLuhan's ages?
tribal
115. When women are trying to explore their own feelings, they are doing what Tannen calls ____.
troubles talk
14. The eight axioms Berger uses in URT to explain the connection between uncertainty and relationship development are _____ about _____.
truths, communication
19. Marsha is boss to Jeff and Ruthie. Marsha tells Ruthie that Marsha has been approached by a competitor to go to work for them. Marsha firmly requests that Ruthie keep it just between them since she was still deciding what to do. Ruthie, who is always looking for a chance to look like she is more important than her coworkers, tells Jeff that Marsha confided in her. It made Ruthie feel powerful to be able tell Jeff that their boss confided in her (and not him). Petronio's Communication Privacy Management theory suggests this might create (a/an) _____ due to _____.
turbulence, intentional breach
80. Aristotle thought the Sophists were
unethical
167. In Standpoint theory, the notion of "local knowledge" implies knowledge is ______
value-free
137. Ting-Toomey's Face Negotiation theory is considered to be
very objective
141. Cultural studies is ultimately concerned about _____ information is presented and NOT ______ information is presented.
whose, what
29. Social Judgment theory, the message that persuades the most _____.
will be the farthest away from the anchor
134. The "bargaining" or "compromise" conflict management style is considered to be
win-lose
132. Integration is _____.
win-win