Final Exam Review Pt. 2: #21-ALL
149. Athletes sometimes complain of oxygen debt, a condition that results when insufficient oxygen is available to completely break down pyruvic acid. As a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to A. a strong base. B. stearic acid. C. hydrochloric acid. D. lactic acid.
d
100. Which of the following bones forms most of the roof of the cranium? A. parietal B. frontal C. mandible D. temporal
a
101. Which of the following bones form the upper jaw? A. maxilla B. mandible C. palatine D. lacrimal
a
110. Which forearm bone is on the thumb side when in anatomical position? A. radius B. ulna C. carpal D. humerus
a
114. Which of the following coxal bones is most inferior and allows a person to sit? A. ischium B. ilium C. pubis
a
118. Sutures occur mainly in the A. cranium. B. pelvic girdle. C. tarsals. D. wrist.
a
124. A hip is an example of a __________ joint. A. ball-and-socket B. hinge C. gliding D. pivot
a
127. What type of joint disease is described by deterioration of articular cartilage? A. osteoarthritis B. osteoporosis C. rheumatoid arthritis D. gout
a
131. Which type of muscle tissue has intercalated disks? A. cardiac B. skeletal C. smooth D. Both cardiac and skeletal are correct.
a
138. The special name for the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is the A. sarcolemma. B. sarcoplasm. C. T tubules. D. sarcoplasmic reticulum.
a
142. Myosin is A. a protein. B. the thin filament. C. pulled inward during contraction. D. described by all of these characteristics.
a
145. The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction describes A. how a sarcomere shortens. B. the disappearance of the A band. C. the movement of the myosin in relation to the actin. D. All of the choices are correct.
a
146. Which of the following proteins found in myofilaments contain the cross bridges? A. myosin B. actin C. tropomyosin D. troponin
a
147. What does calcium do during muscle contraction? A. binds to troponin B. binds to the crossbridges C. supplies energy D. hydrolyzes ATP
a
150. Rigor mortis occurs because A. there is no ATP to relax the muscles. B. the body temperature drops. C. there are no brain waves. D. there are no nerve signals.
a
151. Summation is A. receiving many impulses in rapid succession. B. the period between stimulation and contraction. C. the depletion of ATP. D. a single contraction that lasts only a fraction of a second.
a
153. When muscles are not used, they shrink or A. atrophy. B. hypertrophy. C. antagonize. D. fatigue.
a
156. The muscle that does most of the work for a particular movement is called the A. prime mover. B. synergist. C. insertion. D. antagonist.
a
157. The biceps brachii and triceps brachii in the upper arm A. are antagonistic. B. are synergistic. C. depend upon activity to determine antagonism or synergism.
a
160. The extensor digitorum is named for A. its action and attachment. B. its location and action. C. its size and attachment. D. its number of attachments and shape.
a
163. The _______ is used to smile. A. zygomaticus B. buccinator C. frontalis D. orbicularis oris
a
166. The _______ will adduct the scapulae and help extend the neck. A. trapezius B. temporalis C. sternocleidomastoid D. deltoid
a
168. The __________ flexes your elbow. A. biceps brachii B. frontalis C. triceps brachii D. gluteus maximus
a
23. When one atom has a stronger attraction for shared electrons in a bond than the other atom, a(an) ___________ covalent bond is formed. A. polar B. nonpolar C. ionic D. metallic
a
24. Substances that are water-loving are called A. hydrophilic. B. hydrophobic. C. hydrophoric. D. hydrochromic.
a
25. A pH of 5.5 would be considered A. acidic. B. basic. C. neutral.
a
35. The movement of protein molecules within the phospholipids bilayer is described by the A. fluid mosaic model. B. lipid mosaic model. C. protein - lipid mosaic model. D. cholesterol mosaic model.
a
36. Which of the following organelles functions in protein synthesis? A. Ribosomes B. Golgi apparatus C. Smooth ER D. All of these choices are correct.
a
38. __________ are small hair-like extensions that produce movement across the surface of cells. A. Cilia B. Flagella C. Microvilli D. Basal bodies
a
41. The movement of H2O across a plasma membrane A. is called osmosis. B. is called diffusion. C. requires energy. D. is called osmosis and requires energy.
a
43. Which process does not require a concentration gradient? A. Active transport B. Diffusion C. Facilitated diffusion D. Osmosis
a
46. The division of the cytoplasm and organelles is A. cytokinesis. B. mitosis. C. interphase. D. telophase.
a
47. The portion of the cell cycle when a cell is not dividing and doing what it is designed to do is called A. interphase. B. mitosis. C. apoptosis. D. exterophase.
a
51. Which of the following is NOT a shape of epithelial tissue? A. rectangular B. squamous C. columnar D. cuboidal
a
53. What type of epithelium is often found in glands and kidney tubules? A. simple cuboidal B. simple squamous C. stratified squamous D. pseudostratified columnar
a
62. Which of the following connects muscles to bones? A. tendons B. cartilage C. adipose tissue D. ligaments
a
64. Which of the following is the most common type of cartilage? A. hyaline B. elastic C. fibrocartilage
a
65. What type of tissue is made of concentric rings called an osteon or Haversian system? A. compact bone B. hyaline cartilage C. adipose tissue D. spongy bone
a
74. What type of gland is associated with hair follicles? A. sebaceous glands B. apocrine sweat glands C. eccrine sweat glands D. ceruminous glands
a
77. Which of the following is the most common type of skin cancer? A. basal cell carcinoma B. squamous cell carcinoma C. malignant melanoma D. Kaposi's sarcoma
a
85. The medullary cavity contains A. yellow marrow. B. spongy bone. C. the periosteum. D. red marrow.
a
95. A __________ is a rounded opening through a bone. A. foramen B. fossa C. trochanter D. condyle
a
102. What is the only movable bone of the skull? A. temporal B. mandible C. maxilla D. zygomatic
b
108. Another name for the collarbone is the A. scapula. B. clavicle. C. sternum. D. xiphoid.
b
112. Another name for the bones of the hand is A. tarsals. B. metacarpals. C. carpals. D. phalanges.
b
113. The phalanges are the bones of the A. hand. B. fingers. C. wrist. D. foot.
b
116. The largest of the ankle bones that forms the heel is the A. talus. B. calcaneus. C. navicular. D. cuboid.
b
120. What material is found within the joint cavity of a synovial joint? A. fibrous connective tissue B. synovial fluid C. fibrocartilage D. ligaments
b
123. The elbow is an example of a __________ joint. A. ball-and-socket B. hinge C. gliding D. pivot
b
136. Which of the following covers the muscle organ itself? A. endomysium B. epimysium C. fascia D. perimysium
b
140. A sarcomere is A. formed from myosin only. B. the distance between Z lines. C. the length of the H zone. D. between the I bands.
b
143. Which of the following proteins is NOT a component of the thin filament? A. tropomyosin B. myosin C. troponin D. actin
b
148. Myoglobin A. breaks down glycogen. B. holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells. C. is a protein involved in the addition of a phosphate to ADP. D. produces the axon terminal signal.
b
152. A motor unit is A. a group of muscles working together. B. a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it supplies. C. a group of muscle fiber. D. an artery and the muscle fibers it suppies
b
158. The gluteus maximus muscle is named for A. its size and shape. B. its size and location. C. its shape and action. D. its attachment and fiber direction.
b
161. The __________ raises your eyebrow. A. biceps brachii B. frontalis C. hamstring group D. gluteus maximus
b
164. The _______ is used for chewing. A. buccinators B. masseter C. zygomaticus D. Both the buccinator and masseter.
b
167. The _______ will abduct the arm. A. serratus anterior B. deltoid C. latissimus dorsi D. pectoralis major
b
170. The ______ will straighten your leg (extend) at the knee. A. adductor group B. quadriceps femoris C. hamstring group D. gluteus maximus
b
21. An ion is an atom or molecule that A. is in a gaseous state. B. carries an electrical charge. C. is attracted to a north-seeking pole. D. forms a visible glow.
b
26. Organic compounds always contain ___________ atoms. A. water B. carbon C. nitrogen D. oxygen
b
29. Organic compounds that are always insoluble in water are called A. sugars. B. lipids. C. nucleotides. D. proteins.
b
30. Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids. When the fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, the fat is considered A. saturated. B. unsaturated. C. emulsified. D. synthesized.
b
31. The subunit molecules for proteins are A. atoms. B. amino acids. C. enzymes. D. polymers.
b
34. Which of the following molecules is the primary energy carrier in cells? A. DNA B. ATP C. RNA D. GNA
b
42. When a cell is placed into a(an) __________ solution, water enters the cell. A. isotonic B. hypotonic C. hypertonic
b
45. The division of the nucleus is A. cytokinesis. B. mitosis. C. interphase. D. telophase.
b
48. Which type of tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities? A. connective B. epithelium C. muscle D. connective and muscle
b
55. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue is found in (on) the A. skin. B. trachea. C. blood vessels. D. digestive tract.
b
58. Which type of fiber found in connective tissue provides flexible strength? A. reticular B. collagen C. keratine D. elastic
b
66. The skin consists of ____ regions. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
b
69. Which layer of the epidermis is closest to the surface? A. stratum lucidum B. stratum corneum C. dermis D. stratum basale
b
70. Keratin is A. a pigment. B. a waterproof protein. C. located in the hypodermis. D. described by all of these characteristics.
b
72 Which layer contains blood vessels AND nerve fibers? A. epidermis B. dermis C. epidermis and dermis
b
73. Hair is produced by epithelial cells located in the A. epidermis. B. dermis. C. hypodermis. D. dermis and hypodermis.
b
78. The epidermis and part of the dermis are damaged from a A. first-degree burn. B. second-degree burn. C. third-degree burn. D. fourth-degree burn.
b
84. The shaft of a long bone is the A. periosteum. B. diaphysis. C. articular cartilage. D. endosteum.
b
87. What are the cells found within an osteon? A. osteoblasts B. osteocytes C. epiphysealcytes D. chondrocytes
b
93. What structure is the site of bone growth in length? A. primary ossification center B. epiphyseal plates C. periosteum D. None of the choices are correct.
b
99. Which of the following bones forms the forehead? A. parietal B. frontal C. mandible D. temporal
b
103. Which bone has no articulation with any other bone? A. vomer B. axis C. hyoid D. scapula
c
104. Which of the following pairings of vertebra and their number is correct? A. cervical - five B. thoracic - seven C. lumbar - five D. sacrum - three
c
107. Which ribs do NOT attach anteriorly to the sternum? A. true ribs B. false ribs C. floating ribs
c
111. What is another name for the wrist? A. tarsals B. metacarpals C. carpals D. phalanges
c
117. Which type of joint is correctly matched with the amount of movement they allow? A. synarthrosis - slight movement B. amphiarthrosis - immovable C. diarthrosis - freely movable
c
121. Bursae are A. tendons. B. types of joints. C. fluid-filled sacs. D. cartilage pads.
c
125. A wrist is an example of a __________ joint. A. ball-and-socket B. hinge C. gliding D. pivot
c
130. What type of joint disease is described by the autoimmune inflammation of the synovial membrane? A. osteoarthritis B. osteoporosis C. rheumatoid arthritis D. gout
c
133. Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow internal organs? A. cardiac B. skeletal C. smooth D. Both smooth and skeletal are correct.
c
137. Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscles? A. generate heat B. maintain posture C. move food through the GI tract D. keep blood moving in veins and lymphatics
c
155. Which part of a muscle is on the stationary bone? A. insertion B. prime mover C. origin
c
162. The ______ is used in forming a kiss. A. zygomaticus B. buccinator C. orbicularis oris D. orbicularis oculi
c
165. The ____________ is used to flex the neck and turn the head laterally. A. trapezius B. temporalis C. sternocleidomastoid D. suprahyoid
c
169. The __________ flexes your knee. A. biceps brachii B. quadriceps femoris C. hamstring group D. gluteus maximus
c
171. A _____ is caused by stretching or tearing of a muscle. A. spasm B. cramp C. strain D. tendonitis
c
172. A genetic disease of progressive muscle weakening and degeneration due to the lack of a protein is A. fibromyalgia. B. myasthenia gravis. C. muscular dystrophy. D. osteoarthritis.
c
27. Glycogen is A. a monosaccharide used for quick energy. B. a protein found in cell membranes. C. a polysaccharide used as stored energy. D. a fat found in margarine.
c
32. Which of the following is a nucleic acid? A. DNA B. RNA C. Both DNA and RNA D. None of these choices are correct.
c
33. Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide? A. Pentose sugar B. Phosphate group C. Glucose D. Nitrogen-containing base
c
37. Mitochondria A. produce protein. B. store food. C. produce ATP. D. digest food.
c
39. The plasma membrane is A. impermeable. B. permeable to everything. C. selectively permeable.
c
40. The random movement of simple substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called A. osmosis. B. filtration. C. diffusion. D. pumping.
c
44. The formation of a pocket of the plasma membrane to bring in solid materials is called A. exocytosis. B. pinocytosis. C. phagocytosis. D. facilitated diffusion.
c
49. Which type of tissue binds and supports body parts? A. epithelium B. nervous C. connective D. muscular
c
50. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? A. It readily divides to produce new cells. B. It has a basement membrane to connect to underlying tissue. C. It has many blood vessels to support its nutrient needs. D. It always has a free surface.
c
54. What type of tissue lines the small intestine? A. squamous epithelium B. loose connective C. simple columnar epithelium D. simple cuboidal epithelium
c
56. Specialized columnar cells that secrete mucus onto the surfaces of the tissue are called A. adipose cells. B. surface cells. C. goblet cells. D. endocrine cells.
c
60. Which of the following is a type of loose connective tissue? A. tendons B. cartilage C. adipose tissue D. ligaments
c
75. What percentage of a person's skin would be involved if they had burned their left arm, front of the trunk, and the front of their left leg? A. 45% B. 40.5% C. 36% D. 31.5%
c
80. What is needed to produce vitamin D? A. calcium B. phosphorus C. ultraviolet light D. calcium and phosphorus
c
82. Which of the following is NOT a general shape to classify bones? A. long B. short C. rectangular D. irregular
c
88. What are the small passageways through compact bone that connect osteocytes to each other and the central canal? A. lamellae B. lacunae C. canaliculi D. osteons
c
89. Which of the following is NOT a feature of compact bone? A. lacunae B. lamellae C. trabeculae D. osteon
c
91. Which would form by way of intramembranous ossification? A. humerus B. metacarpal C. frontal bone D. clavicle
c
92. During endochondral ossification A. hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue. B. osteoblasts break down bone. C. hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone. D. simple fractures are more common.
c
96. A condition in which bones lose bone mass and therefore become weak is A. osteomyelitis. B. osteogenesis. C. osteoporosis. D. osteomalacia.
c
97. What are the structures that are air-filled spaces of the skull bones? A. sutures B. fontanels C. paranasal sinuses D. lacrimal ducts
c
98. The membrane soft spots of a newborn's skull A. are synovial in nature. B. occur only as a result of illness. C. are called fontanels. D. become foramina.
c
105. An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called A. lordosis. B. kyphosis. C. hunchback. D. scoliosis.
d
106. The tailbone is called the A. sacrum. B. atlas. C. ilium. D. coccyx.
d
109. The bone of the upper arm is the A. ulna. B. radius. C. scapula. D. humerus.
d
115. The seven ankle bones are called the A. carpals. B. metatarsals. C. metacarpals. D. tarsals.
d
119. Which of the following is NOT a cartilaginous joint? A. between the ribs and the sternum B. between the bodies of the vertebra C. between the two pelvic bones D. between each tooth and its socket
d
122. What type of synovial joint is found between the carpal and metacarpal of the thumb? A. pivot B. hinge C. condyloid D. saddle
d
126. What type of synovial joint movement will move a body part laterally, away from the body? A. adduction B. extension C. dorsiflexion D. abduction
d
128. What type of synovial joint movement is the movement of a body part around its own axis? A. flexion B. supination C. pronation D. rotation
d
129. Rotating the arms so that the palms are forward is an example of A. elevation. B. abduction. C. inversion. D. supination.
d
132. Which type of muscle tissue is striated? A. cardiac B. skeletal C. smooth D. Both cardiac and skeletal are correct.
d
134. Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary? A. cardiac B. skeletal C. smooth D. Both cardiac and smooth are correct.
d
135. Which of the following surrounds a fascicle? A. endomysium B. epimysium C. fascia D. perimysium
d
139. The smooth ER that stores calcium ions is the A. sarcolemma. B. sarcoplasm. C. T tubules. D. sarcoplasmic reticulum.
d
141. Myofibrils A. are located in muscle fibers. B. are contractile units. C. have striations. D. are described by all of these characteristics.
d
144. The A band A. is in the center of the sarcomere. B. is the dark region of the sarcomere. C. contains the overlapping of the thick and thin filaments. D. All of the choices are correct.
d
22. A bond created from the sharing of electrons between two atoms is a(an) ______ bond. A. covalent B. hydrogen C. ionic D. polymer
A
154. Two discrete types of muscle fibers are identified on the basis of their fuel supply, oxygen supply, and tension. Which of the following athletic endeavors best represents the use of slow-twitch fibers? A. a sprint by an Olympic runner B. swinging a baseball bat C. lifting weights D. mountain climbing
d
159. The biceps femoris is named for A. its shape and location. B. its fiber direction and action. C. its shape and number of attachments. D. its number of attachments and location.
d
28. Which of the following contains glucose? A. Protein B. Fat C. Nucleic acid D. Starch
d
52. What type of epithelium is found where simple diffusion occurs? A. simple columnar B. pseudostratified columnar C. stratified squamous D. simple squamous
d
57. What type of epithelium is found in the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch and slide to create a barrier? A. simple columnar B. stratified squamous C. stratified cuboidal D. transitional
d
59. Which of the following is/are connective tissue(s)? A. bone B. cartilage C. blood D. All of the choices are correct.
d
61. What is the cell found in fibrous connective tissue? A. osteocytes B. chondrocytes C. erythrocytes D. fibroblasts
d
63. Which tissue has lacunae? A. bone B. cartilage C. tendons D. bone and cartilage
d
67. In which layer of the epidermis are cells constantly dividing? A. stratum corneum B. stratum lucidum C. stratum dermis D. stratum basale
d
68. Which layer of the epidermis protects from abrasion and is found only in thick skin? A. stratum basale B. hypodermis C. stratum corneum D. stratum lucidum
d
71. Melanin A. is a pigment. B. protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation. C. is located in the epidermis. D. is described by all of these characteristics.
d
76. Athlete's foot is A. a bacterial infection. B. caused by over keratinization. C. caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D. a fungal infection.
d
79. Which of the following is a function of the skin? A. protection B. sensory reception C. synthesis of vitamin D D. all of these are functions
d
81. Which of the following is a function of the skeleton? A. produces blood cells B. provides sites for muscle attachment C. protects internal organs D. All of the choices are functions
d
83. The end of a long bone is the A. diaphysis. B. periosteum. C. shaft. D. epiphysis.
d
86. Red marrow A. produces blood cells. B. is located in spongy bone. C. is located in the epiphyseal plate. D. produces blood cells and is located in spongy bone.
d
90. Which of the following are the bone-eating (reabsorbing) cells? A. osteoprogenitor cells B. osteocytes C. osteoblasts D. osteoclasts
d
94. The addition of new bone on top of existing bone to increase bone thickness is called A. endochondral ossification. B. intramembranous ossification. C. osteoprogenesis. D. appositional growth.
d
