Final Exam Review

What is the aim of the study Hardy et al.

The aim of the study is HOW athletes use self-talk Two other aims: If self-talk was stable through the season; Different sex, sport type, and skill differed in how they use self-talk

Periodized Training

The deliberate strategy of exposing athletes to high-volume and high intensity loads that are followed by a lower training load. Usually used before major competitions and championships.

What are the differences between overtraining and periodized training, according to the textbook?

The difference depends largely on INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES and CAPABILITIES

Staleness

The physiological state of overtraining in which the athlete has difficulty maintaining standard training regiments and can no longer achieve previous performance results

Two Most Successful Strategies for Improving Self-Talk

Thought Stopping Changing Negative Self-Talk to Positive Self-Talk

Symptoms of Overtraining

Low motivation Mood changes Muscle soreness Weight loss Sleep disturbances

Self-Talk Categories

MIN Motivation Instructional Negative

Negative-Training Stress Response Model (Silva 1990)

Physical training stresses the athlete physically and psychologically and can have both positive and negative effects

Overtraining

Refers to short cycle of training during which athletes expose themselves to excessive training loads that are near or maximal capacity

Four Stages of Cognitive-Affective Stress Model (Smith 1986)

SCPB Situational Awareness Cognitive Appraisal Physiological Response Behavioral Response

What is the result of the first purpose of the article? (If using self-talk varied throughout the season)

75% of athletes reported that self-talk was employed with increasing frequency as the year progressed from the off-season though the early competitive season to the late competitive season

Burnout

A psychophysiological response due to frequent but generally ineffective efforts to meet excessive demands, involving a psychological, emotional, and sometimes physical withdrawal from an activity in response to excessive stress or dissatisfaction

Three Main Processes of Attentional Focus

ACS Attentional Alertness Attentional Capacity Attentional Selectivity

Internal Distractor

Attending to Past/Future Events Choking Under Pressure Overanalyzing Body Mechanics Fatigue Inadequate Motivation

Four Types of Attentional Focus

BNEI Broad Narrow External Internal

Unidimensional Identity Development and External Control Model (Coakley 1992)

Believes real cause of burnout, is related to the sociological organization high-performance sport and its effects of identity and control issues

Effective Attender in TAIS

Broad External Broad Internal Narrow Focus

Ineffective Attender in TAIS

External Overload Internal Overload Reduced Focus

Four Parts of Concentration

FMHS Focusing on relevant cues in the environment(Selective Attention); Maintaining that Attentional Focus over time; Having awareness of the situation and performance errors(Situation Awareness); Shifting attentional focus when necessary;

What is one of the most widely used neuropsychological test that offers a cost-effective and accessible concussion management system for scholastic sports?

ImPACT Neurocognitive Test Modules: Word discrimination; Symbol memory; Sequential digit tracking; Visual span; Symbol-matching; Color track; Three letters

Burnout Symptoms

Increased Anxiety Increased Tension Sleep Disturbances Emotional Exhaustion Elevated Resting Heart Rate

What is the result of the second purpose of the article? (If using self-talk varied based on sex, sport, and skill level)

Individual sport and skilled athletes used self-talk more frequently than team sport and less skilled athletes

What are some of the Sport Psychology Consultant roles related to sport concussions?

Utilizing neuropsychological baseline testing; Consistent symptom evaluation; Appropriate referrals in case of a suspected concussion; Evaluating the concussed athlete's academic performance and day-to-day cognitive emotional changes;

Two Dimensions of Attentional Focus

WD Width Direction