Final Exam Study Guide Moroney

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This model is a simple sugar

A

which of the following cells are haploid

human sperm cells

a tissue weighs 100 micrograms, what is that weight in grams

.0001g

three babies were recenty mixed up in a hospital. which of the following represents the correct baby/parent combinations?

I-2,II-1,III-3

one parent is heterozygous for Dwarfism and the other is homosygous normal, what is the chance that a child of theirs will have dwarfsism

a 50% chance

a molecule that binds to the actice site of an enxyme, inhibiting that enxyme is called

a competitive inhibitor

a human cell contains 22 autosomes and a Y chrommosome. what is this cell

a sperm cell

wolves are sometimes observed to have black coats and blue eyes. assume that these two traits are unlinked. assume further that normal coat color(G) is dominant to a black coat color and brown eyes are dominant to blue. if black make with blue eyes and a female that is heterozygous for bboth traits produce offspring. what fraction of the offspeing would be heterozygous for both traits

about 1/4

woves same as above: if black male with blue eyes and female that is heterozygous for both traits produced offspring. what franction of the offspeing woud have black coats

about 50%

cells hace Na+ -K+ ATPase that pumps Na+ out of the cell afainst the concentration gradient and K+ into the cell, also against the concentraiton gradient. What type of transport is this

active trasport

a white-eyed female fruit fly is crossed witha red-eyed male. what will be the color of their progeny

all of the females will have red eyes and all of the males will have white eyes

cloud leopards are an endangered species of cat, living in the very wet cloud forest of CA. assume that normal sponts are dominatnt, x chromosome linked traint and that dark spots are the recessive cunterpart. if female with dark spots is corssed with a male with normal sports what is the phenotype of the progeny

all of the males will have drak spts and all of the females will have normal spots

place the following in the correct order from smallest to biggest

amino acid, triglyceride, lysosome, human ficroblast cell

Use the table to determine the amino acid sequecne of the protein that would be produced if the following DNA sequence, CAGAGGGTC, was transcribed and translated. the DNA sequence shown is the template strand. begin your traslation with the first nucleotide

asp-pro-leu

which four elements make up approximately 96% of living matter

carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen

the making of an exact copy of DNA is called

dna replication

what is the order of information flow during gene expression?

dna-rna-protein

in chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of eergy htat is used to convert ADP+Pi to ATP

energy released from movement of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase

which of the following statements regairding enzymes is true

enzymes increase the rate of a reaction

a molecule becomes more reduced when it

gains an electron

in the diagram of the chloroplast, which letter corresponds to the location of the calvin cycle

location b

in humans, the___determines the sex of the offspring becaseu___

male gamete: each male gamete can contribute either an X or a Y chromosome

a woman is a carrier of the color blind train and her husband has normal color vision. what percentage of the chidrin will be color blind

none of the girls will be color blind but one half of the boys will be color blind

a woman is a carrier of hemophilia trait and her husband is normal. what percentage of the children will have hemophilia

none of the girls will have hemopholia but one half of the boys will have hemophilia

the nucleus and minochondria contain___ but the lysosome and the cell waslll do not

nucleic acid

Compared to 40K, the isotope 39K has

one less neutron

consider the isotopes of carbon, 12C, 13C, and 14C. which isope is radioactive

only 14C is radioactive

if somebody knows only their abo blood type, do they also know their genotype

only if their genotype is AB or O

which of the follwing types of molecules are the mahor structural components of the cell membrane

phospholipids and proteins

yo are looking at a cell under the microscope, it has a nucleus, a large bvacuole and many chloroplasts. what type os cell is it

plant cell

which organelle prevents small charged molecules like Na+ form rapidly entering the cell

plasma membrane

which enzyme synthesizes small pieces of RNA to help DNA polymerase start making new DNA strand during replication

primase

in the scientific methos, whichis the next step after making a hypothesis?

testing the hypothesis

a couple has a son who is colorblind. netither parent is color blind. which parent or parents has the color blind trait.

th emother has the trait, the father does not

what type of fermentation can the brain perform

the brain cannot do any fermentation

which of the following is true for endergonic reactions

the products hace more free enrgy than the reactants

which of the following is an example of primary protein structure

the protein sequence is leu-val-gly

the structure that makes protein in a cell is called

the ribosome

according to the fluid mosaid model of cell membranes, which othe the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids

they can move laterally along the plane of the membrane

how many CO2 molecules are produced when one glucose molecule is completely utilized in the process of aerobic respiration

6

Why does your instructor argue that a carrot in the market is alive

All of the above reasons are true

in a test cross, a pea plant with tellow round peas of uncertain heritage was crossed with a plaint that had green wrinkled peas. yellow is dominant to green and round is dominant to wrinkeled. one half of the resulting plants had yellow wrinkled peas and one half had yello round peas. what was the genotype of the parent that had yellow round peas

YYRr

different forms of a gene are called

alleles

five dialysis bags, constructed from semi permeable membrane, .6 sucrose. 10 min intervals, highest initial concentration?

bag a

Chlorophyll molecules mostly absorb___ wavelenghts of visible light

blue and red

this molecule contains a fatty acid

c

where is Rubisco located in the chloroplast

chloroplast stroma

a baby is born with only one X chromosome. What type of genetic problem is this

chromosomal aberration

which letter is pointing to a parental DNA strand

letter A

the R group or side chain of the amino acid serice is -CH2-OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid leucine is -CH2-CH-(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in glocular protein in aqueous solution

leucine would be in the interior and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein

for the reaction in the figure, whcih of the follwoing would be the enrgy released by the catalyzed reaction

line d

What is the main substance that makesu p the interior of a potato tuber

starch

what funcional group is -S-H

sulfhydryl group

the overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called the

tericary structure

which carbon below, if any, is asymmetric

the carbon labeled B

Which is an example of a lipid

triglyceride

how many CO2 molecules are produced when one glucose molecure is completely utilized in the process of alcohol fermentation

2

how many bonds does nitrogen usually form in biological molecules

3

how many sites are there on the ribosome where trna's can bind

3

what is the result when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis

4 haploid cells

once strand of DNA has the sequence: A-C-C-T-C-C-G-G. The sequence of the complementary strand is

C-C-G-G-A-G-G-T

the mitotic spindle is composed of

microtubules

why is water cohesive

abc are correct: water molecules are nonpolar, one side of the molecule is slightly positive and the other slightly negatice, water molecules participate in hydrogen bonds

a diagram of the metabolic patheway is to the right. as metabolite d builds up in the cell it inhibitis enzyme 1. when this happens what will happen to the amoint of metabolikes a andn b

a will increase and b will decrease

a molecule that has all nonpolar covalent bonds would be

hydrophobic

in pure water about how many of the water molecules are dissociated into H+ and OH-

less than 1 in 1 million water molecules has dissociated

this ocmponent functions as biological catalysts

protein

what is the pH of a solution with a H+ concentration of 1x10^-11

11

The bases adenine and thymidine base pair in DNA double helixes. what type of bond and how many of this interation

2 hydrogen bonds

the mole of water weights 18 grams while a mole of sucrose weights 342 grams. Which statement is true

A mole of sucrose has the same number of molecules as a mole of water

which source of enrgy is most directly responsible for ATP synthsis in the chloroplast?

A pH gradient across the tylakoid membrane

Erythrose, a 4 carbon sugar, has the following chemical formula

C4H8O4

the stage of the cell cycle that occurs immediately after DNA synthesis is

G2 phase

Which mrna sequence below would encode part of a protein with the sequence Ala-Leu-Arg

GCCCUAAGA

the wild type sequence of a portion of mrna is GGCAAAUGUCUC and the GGC encodes a glycine in the normal sequence. which sequence above represents a frame shift of the origical sequence

GGCAAAAUGCCUC

which molecule contributes the oxygen atoms in the O2 produced by photosynthesis

H2O

Sulfur has 6 electrons in its outer electron shell. It combines covalently with hydrogen to form a stable and smelly compound. What is the structure of this compound?

H2S

which of the follwoing functional groups is importanin in protein folding

all of these functional groups are important

what type of dividison is the cell in the picture undergoing? for this organism 2n=4. all of the chromosomes are shown in the drawing

mitosis

How many bonds does sulfur normally have in biological molecules?

2

if glucose entering the cell from the blood goes through the GLUT2 carrier protein and goes form high to low concentration, what type of transport is occurting

facillitated diffusion

what oraganelle is shown in the picture

golgi apparatus

which of the following strictures is found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryothic cells

mitochondria

which of the following molecules is an amion acid or protein

molecule B

what is translation

the making of proteins using mrna as the guide

the image below showing all chromosomes represents a cell in a stage of meiosis. what is the diploid number of chromosomes for this organism

8

what type of bond results form a complete trasfer of electron(s) between atoms

ionic bonds

this process occurs in our muscles during exercise

lactic acid fermentation

Acid rain sometimes has a pH of 5. What is the H+ concentration

1x10^-5

what is the OH- concentration of the solution with a H+ concentration of 1x10^-6 M

1x10^-8

a bacterial cell radioactice thymide so that the DNA in the cell was completely labeled. assume that no ther component of the cell is labeled. now take way the radioctive thymidene and allow the cells to divide and grow on non-radoactive thymadine. remember the old dna is still radioactive. after 2 rounds of cell division there are 4 cells. how many cells will be radioactive

2

how many bonds does oxygen usually form in biological molecules

2

which type of linkage connects nuclotides unites in rna

3'-5' phosphodiester linkages

How many amion acids would be encoded by the open reading frame in the following sequence: CGCAGCAUGGGCCCGUAUUGACCGGGA

4

how many chromosomes are in a human skincell that is in the G1 portion of the cell cycle

46

one stand of DNA has the sequence 5' T=C=T=A=T=G=G=T=3'. What is the sequence of the complementary stand

5' A-C-C-A-T-A-G-A-3'

this enzyme links two pieces of DNA together

DNA ligase

if one parent is heterozygous for Huntingtons disease and the other is homosygous normal, what is the chance that a child of theirs will have huntingtons disease

a 50% chance

an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms results in

a polar covalent bond

all of the follwoing ocur during the krebs cycle except

adding electrons and protons to O2 to form water

for the reaction in the figure, which of the following would be the energy released by the uncatalyzed reaction

line d

in his transformationan experiments, friffth observed that.

mixing a heat-killed pathogeninc strain of bacteira with a living nonpathogeninc strain can convert some of the living cells into pathogenic form

which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate?

molecule E

the macromolecuel that contains codon is

mrna

Which component is present in prokaryotic cells

ribosomes

a sexually reproducing animal has 2 unlinked henes, one for headshape and one for tail length. its genotype is HhTt. which of the folloing genotypes is possible in a gamete from this orgainsm

HT

a person has found out that both his father and his mother are both carriers of the cystic fibrosis trait. this person does not have cystic fibrosis. wht is the chance that he is a carrier of the train

a 2/3 chance

the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to.

act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen ions, forming water

Metaphase in meiosis II is characterized by

aligment of chromosomes on the equator of the cell

insulin, a hormone, is makdein pancreatic cells and exported from the cell in samll vesicles. These vesicles fuse wiht plasma membrane realeasing hte insulin from the cell, what process is occuring

exocytosis

the carbon labelled in this molecule is asymmetric

false

which functional group is present on this molecule? CH3-CH2-O-H

hydroxyl group

where are ribosomes assembled in eukaryotic cells

in the nucleus

you have a yeast strain that has a defect in the Krebs cycle. Under what conditions, if any, could that yeast grow

it can grow by alcohol fermentation

which of the following statements is correct about diffusion

it is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentraion to a region of lower concentration

the pedigree in the figure shows the transmission of a train in a particcular camily. based on this pattern of transmission, the trait is most likely

mitochondrial

this process takes place entirely on the inner membrane of the mitochondria

mitochondrial electron tansport

during mirochondrial electron transport, H2O is formed. where does the oxygen for the synthesis of water directly come from

oxygen (O2)

when hershey and chase labeled the phage wtih 35S-sulfur, what cellular component were they specifically labeling

proteins were specifically labeled

a marathon is being run and 4 runners are near the lead. runner a has low glusocse levels in his muscles but his muscles are will oxygenated. runner b has low glucose leves in his muscles and anaerobic. runner C normal glusocse, well oxygenated, runner D normal glucose muscles anaerobic. assuming they are running at the same sped and have the same weight, is runner C or runner D using glusocse at the fastest rate

runner D is using glucose at the faster rate

the gene for black or grey body color in fruit flies has a recombination rate of 17% with the gene for vestigial wings. the gene for black or grey body color in fruit flies has a recombination rate of 9% with the gene for red or cinnabar eyes. which statement is true

the gene b is closer to the gene cn that the gene vg

what is transcription

the making of rna using dna as the guide

one characteristic shared by sucrose, lactose and maltose is

they are all disaccharides

genes that function in cell cycle checkpoint are ofter called

tumor suppressors

How do water molecules interact with a large molecules like a protein

water can form hydrogen bonds wiht the protein

Which of the carbon isotopes 12C, 13C, and 14C are found in nature and are naturally occuring

12 C, 13C, and 14C are all naturally occuring

flower color in snapdragons is an example of incomplete dominance. if a red flowered plant is crossed with a white flowered plant, the F1 generation has pink flowers. if a pink flowered pland crossed with a pink flowered plant, the progeny plants would be__-

25% red, 50% pink, and 25% white

What is the pH of a solution with a H+ concentration of 1x10^-8

8

what type of photosynthesis is done by sugar cane

C4-type photosynthesis

which of the following is a false statement with repect to celluose

Cellulose is a major food source for all animals becasue it is easily digested


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