final for phsy
Which of the following would not be considered matter?
light
How would you describe the volume of the following object?the amount of water in a swimming pool
macroscopic
At the end of 2 seconds of free fall, an apple falling from rest has a speed of
more than 10 m/s.
Consider the video demonstration that you just watched. Which of the following changes would make it more likely for the ball to hit both the white can and the green can?
none of the above
A sample of iron weighs more after it rusts because
of the additional oxygen it contains.
How many electrons are there in the third shell of sodium, Na (atomic number 11)?
one
what contributes most to an atoms weight Which contributes more to an atom's size?
protons electrons
An object in motion tends to remain in motion
without the need of a force
The net force on any object moving at constant velocity is
zero
When a rock thrown straight up reaches the exact top of its path, its velocity is
zero and it's acceleration is 10m/s2
An astronaut of mass 140 kgkg recedes from her spacecraft by activating a small propulsion unit attached to her back. The force generated by a spurt is 22 NN . find her acceleration
.16 m/s2 divide 22/140
A tow truck exerts a force of 3000 N on a car that accelerates at 2 m/s2. What is the mass of the car?
1500kg
When Jean hikes a distance of 1 km in a time of one-half hour her average speed is
2 km/h
If a freely falling object were somehow equipped with a speedometer on a planet where the acceleration due to gravity is 20 m/s2, then its speed reading would increase each second by
20 m/s.
The nucleus of an electrically neutral iron atom contains 26 protons. How many electrons does this iron atom have?
26
How many different elements are in the compound C6H12O6?
3
A martial arts person breaks a board with a blow of 3000 N. The force that acts on the hand is
3000N
Oxygen, O2, has a boiling point of 90 K (-183°C), and nitrogen, N2, has a boiling point of 77 K (-196°C). Which is a liquid and which is a gas at 80 K (-193°C)?
Nitrogen is a gas, oxygen is a liquid at 80 K.
How can a hydrogen atom, which has only one electron, have so many spectral lines?
One electron can be boosted to many different energy levels.
Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom's size?
Protons contribute more to an atom's mass while electrons contribute more to its size.
If you eat metallic sodium or inhale chlorine gas, you stand a strong chance of dying. Let these two elements react with each other, however, and you can safely sprinkle the compound on your popcorn for better taste. What is going on?
Sodium chloride has nothing in common with sodium and chlorine.
Find the acceleration for a ball that starts from rest, rolls down a ramp, and gains a speed of 24 m/sin 5.0 s Would acceleration be greater or less if the ramp were a bit less steep?
a= 4.8 m/s^2 Acceleration would be less on a less-steep ramp.
In the textbook we learn that the cause of acceleration is given by Newton's second law: a=Fnet/ma=Fnet/m. Find the acceleration that can result from a net force of 10 NN exerted on a 3.2-kgkg cart. (Note: The unit N/kgN/kg is equivalent to m/s2m/s2.).
a=3.1 m/s2
In the textbook acceleration is defined as a=Δv/Δta=Δv/Δt. Use this formula to find the acceleration of a cart on an inclined plane that gains 5.0 m/sm/s each 1.3 ss .
a=3.8 m/s2
Lillian pulls on a 10-kg wagon with a constant force of 30 N. What is the wagon's acceleration?
a=F/m = 3.0 m/s2
If the mass of an object does not change, a constant net force on the object produces constant
acceleration
Rank from greatest to least the masses of the 100-kgkg box of tools. Rank from greatest to least the weights of the 100-kgkg box of tools.
all equal jupiter, earth, moon
If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass? What is the name of this element?
atomic mass, 99 amu; Technetium
A glance at the speedometer on your vehicle will tell you your
instantaneous speed.
A stone is dropped off a cliff and is in free fall. Every second that the stone is falling, its acceleration _______.
is constant but its velocity is increasing
video abt free falling: What is the value of the velocity of the ball when it reaches its maximum height? What is the acceleration of the ball when it is moving up, when it is at the maximum height, and when it is moving down? (Note: The acceleration graph is shown in red.)
It is always zero. It is always negative
Which of the following statements does not describe a proton?
It orbits around the nucleus of an atom.
Which element has the atomic number 12?
Mg
If an object's mass decreases while a constant force acts on it, the acceleration
increases
If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen-16 atom, a nucleus of which element remains? express as an isotope
12 C 6
A rocket of mass 50000 kgkg undergoes an acceleration of 2.6 m/s2m/s2 .
130000N Fnet=m*a
Calculate the horizontal force that must be applied to a 0.70-kgkg puck to accelerate on a horizontal friction-free air table with the same acceleration it would have if it were dropped and fell freely.
.70N multiply .70 by gravity (9.8)
If you pull on a box with a force of 5 N and your teacher pulls on the same box with a force of 5 N in the opposite direction, the net force on the box is _______.
0N
A 1-kg ball is thrown straight up at 10 m/s. Neglecting air resistance, the net force that acts on the ball when it is halfway to the top of its path is
10N
If you have two molecules of TiO2, how many oxygen atoms would you have?
4
How many atoms of Oxygen (O) are in H3OClO4
5
At the end of 1/2 second an apple freely falling from rest has a speed of
5 m/s
Joshua is attracted toward Earth by a 500-N gravitational force. The Earth is attracted toward Joshua with a force of
500 N
If you stand next to a wall on a frictionless skateboard and push the wall with a force of 50 N, how hard does the wall push on you? If your mass is 84 kg, find your acceleration.
50N F=ma (50 N)/(84kg) = 0.60m/s2
How many atoms are in one molecule of Na2SO4?
7
A simple rearrangement of Newton's second law gives Fnet=maFnet=ma. Find a net force that is needed to give a 9.0-kgkg package an acceleration of 7.6 m/s2m/s2 . (Note: The units kg⋅m/s2kg⋅m/s2 and NN are equivalent.).
Fnet=68N
What is the net force acting on a 1-kgkg ball in free fall? What is the net force if it encounters 2 NN of air resistance?
9.8N (10) 7.8 N (8) (subtract the air resistance)
If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass? What is the name of this element?
99 amu Tc
How fast does an electron move within an atom?
About 2 million m/s
Is aging primarily an example of a physical or chemical change?
Aging is an example of a chemical change involving the chemical reformation of our biomolecules.
The auto in the sketch moves forward as the brakes are applied. A bystander says that during the interval of braking, the auto's velocity and acceleration are in opposite directions. Do you agree or disagree?
Agree. Acceleration (slowing the car) is opposite to velocity (the direction the car is moving). Submit
Knowledge can be gained by philosophical logic and also by experimentation. Which of these did Aristotle favor, and which did Galileo favor?
Aristotle favored logic; Galileo favored experiment.
The boiling point of methanol is 65°C and the boiling point of ethanol is 78°C. Which of the following statements is true?
At 70°C you would have methanol gas and liquid ethanol.
The following statement describes which subatomic particle best?It is a nucleon.
B and C proton and neutron
Consider three 1-gg samples of matter: (a) bromine-81, (b) iron-56, and (c) bromine-79. Rank them in terms of the number of atoms, from most to least.
BCA
Which has more atoms: a 1-g sample of carbon-12 or a 1-g sample of carbon-13? Explain.
Carbon-13
What was Niels Bohr's explanation for the observation of atomic spectra?
Electrons could only move in discrete energy steps within an atom.
What is the main tenet of Plank's quantum hypothesis?
Energy comes in discrete packets of a certain minimum size.
Which element has the atomic number 9?
F
A 1000-kg car accelerates at 2 m/s2. What is the net force exerted on the car?
F=ma =2000 N
When we breathe we inhale oxygen, O2, and exhale carbon dioxide, CO2, plus water vapor, H2O. Which likely has more mass, the air that we inhale or the same volume of air we exhale? Does breathing cause you to lose or gain weight?
The air we exhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to lose weight.
A cat strolls across your backyard. An hour later, a dog with its nose to the ground follows the trail of the cat. Explain what is going on from a molecular point of view.
The dog is smelling molecules from the cat.
Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't objects pass through one another?
The electrons on the atoms repel other electrons on other atoms when they get close.
An object at rest cannot remain at rest unless which of the following holds? If a block is moving to the left at a constant velocity, what can one conclude? A block of mass 2kg2kg is acted upon by two forces: 3N3N (directed to the left) and 4N4N (directed to the right). What can you say about the block's motion? A massive block is being pulled along a horizontal frictionless surface by a constant horizontal force. The block must be __________. Two forces, of magnitude 4N4N and 10N10N, are applied to an object. The relative direction of the forces is unknown. The net force acting on the object __________.
The net force acting on it is zero. The net force applied to the block is zero. It could be moving to the left, moving to the right, or be instantaneously at rest. moving with a constant nonzero acceleration cannot have a magnitude equal to 5N
What do the electron configurations for all the group 18 noble gases have in common?
Their outermost occupied shells are filled to capacity.
How do we account for the great variety of substances in the world?
There are many possible combinations of atoms.
Which are older, the atoms in the body of an elderly person or those in the body of a baby?
They are of the same age, which is appreciably older than the solar system.
Someone standing at the edge of a cliff (as in the figure) throws a ball straight up at a certain speed and another ball straight down at the same initial speed. If air resistance is negligible, which ball will hit the ground below at greater speed? Or will they both hit at the same speed. (
They will hit at the same speed.
In what sense can you truthfully say that you are a part of every person around you?
We are continually exchanging our atoms.
How does the wave model of electrons orbiting the nucleus account for the fact that the electrons can have only discrete energy values?
When an electron wave is confined, it is reinforced only at particular frequencies.
The following statement describes which subatomic particle best?It does not have an electrical charge.
a neutron
Water and ethanol can be separated by heating the ethanol until it boils away from the water. What type of change is this?
a physical change
Which of the following is not a chemical change?
a rock being crushed to powder
A given net force propels an object along a straight-line path. If the mass were doubled, its acceleration would
be half
Of the three sciences, physics, chemistry, and biology, the most complex is
biology because it is based upon both the laws of chemistry and physics.
The following statement describes which subatomic particle best?It is electrically charged.
both A and B an electron and a protron
If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, a nucleus of which element remains?
carbon-12
Classify the following changes as physical or chemical. Wood burns to ashes; water begins to boil; grass grows; a rock is crushed to powder.
chemical; physical; chemical; physical
To steadily (constantly) increase the velocity of something requires a
constant net force
Find a distance that a freely falling rock drops when it falls from rest for 3.8 ss.
d= 71m d=1/2 gt^2
Which of the following would be considered applied research?
determining the lightest and strongest metal to be used for an airplane wing
The two measurements necessary for calculating average speed are
distance and time.
A space probe in remote outer space continues moving
even though no force acts on it.
Which of the following would be considered basic research?
examining why a mouse likes cheddar cheese more than swiss cheese
According to Galileo, the test of scientific truth is
experiment
Science greatly advanced when Galileo favored
experiment.
An example of a physical change is the _______.
formation of a cloud
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
gasoline being used in the engine of a car producing exhaust
An example of a chemical change is the _______.
growth of a tree
The elements fluorine, chlorine, and bromine are also known as _______.
halogens
the atoms that make up your body ___
have existed since the beginning of the universe
If gravity between the Sun and Earth suddenly vanished, Earth would continue moving in
in a straight line path
The force that directly propels a motor scooter along a highway is that provided by the _______.
road
What did Galileo incorporate in his study of motion that Aristotle overlooked?
role of time
Which of the following can be classified as matter?
sandice creamwaterperfume all fo the above
Which of the following would not be considered a physical property?
temperature at which a material catches on fire
Which of the following diagrams best represents the size of the atomic nucleus relative to the size of the atom?
the option where you cant see the necleus
Which of the following would not be considered a chemical property?
the temperature at which a liquid will boil
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
water boiling and being converted into steam