FINAL QUESTIONS

Which is NOT mentioned as being a useful form of psychotherapy for people suffering from schizophrenia?

insight therapy

Compared with non-Hispanic white American children, African American and Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are: about equally likely to be assessed for ADHD, but less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. about equally likely to be assessed for ADHD, but more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. less likely to be assessed for ADHD, and less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. more likely to be assessed for ADHD, and more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.

less likely to be assessed for ADHD, and less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.

Psychodynamic therapists believe that people with histrionic personality disorder are trying to defend against a deep-seated fear of:

loss

The cluster of anxious personality disorders includes avoidant, dependent, and _____ personality disorders.

obsessive-compulsive

What percentage of children and adolescents in North America have a diagnosable psychological disorder?

one-fifth

A patient taking clozapine to treat his schizophrenia should be told that:

ongoing blood testing will be required to monitor for early signs of agranulocytosis.

Token economy programs relied on the systematic application of _____ techniques.

operant conditioning

Hospitalized patients with schizophrenia are awarded points when they behave in a desired manner. Poor or unacceptable behavior is ignored. This reflects which approach to treatment?

token economy

MOST diagnosed cases of Down syndrome are of the:

trisomy 21 type

Psychodynamic theorists believe that people who develop antisocial personality disorder have failed to develop a sense of:

trust

A female child is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Later, as an adult, she is unable to hold a job and has very limited communication skills. Her case is:

uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood.

Circumstantial evidence for the _____ theory comes from the unusually large number of people with schizophrenia born during the winter.

viral

The finding that the highest rates of schizophrenia are found among people who are born during the winter supports which theory of schizophrenia?

viral theory

Of the few psychotherapists who treated patients with schizophrenia before the discovery of antipsychotic drugs, most believed that the first task of therapy was to:

win the trust of patients and build a close relationship with them

Personality disorders typically become recognizable in:

adolescence or early adulthood

_____ hallucinations are by far the most common type in schizophrenia.

auditory

The diagnostic features of which personality disorder bear the greatest similarity to people who are diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (social phobia)?

avoidant

Approximately 1 in _____ children is born with phenylketonuria (PKU).

14,000

IQ score below _____ would indicate profound intellectual disability.

20

Symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder typically appear before the age of:

3

Of all people with schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders, _____ percent do not receive any form of treatment.

40 to 60

In addition to having an IQ score of approximately _____ or below, to be diagnosed with intellectual disability, a person must have poor adaptive behavior.

70

In one study of patients who had been receiving antipsychotic medication for at least five years, _____ percent of them relapsed within a year when they were switched to a placebo.

75%

What percentage of children with autism spectrum disorder are boys?

80%

What is a recidivist?

A person who is arrested who has a record of previous arrest.

Which of the following was NOT a factor that contributed to the expanded use of lobotomies during the 1940s and 1950s? An early study showed that lobotomies were successful in treating patients with psychological disorders. The neurosurgeons who developed the lobotomy were highly respected and influential. Because of overcrowding, state hospitals were receptive to treatments that would help maintain standards. Early antipsychotic drugs were ineffective in treating psychotic symptoms and produced dangerous side effects.

Because of overcrowding, state hospitals were receptive to treatments that would help maintain standards.

According to sociocultural theorists, what is the impact of social labeling on an individual with schizophrenia?

Being labeled as "schizophrenic" can create expectations that may subtly encourage the individual to display psychotic behavior.

What is an accurate statement about child sexual abuse?

Child sexual abuse appears to be equally common across all socioeconomic classes, races, and ethnic groups.

The _____ requires that people with mental disorders receive treatment in their communities rather than being transported to institutions far from home.

Community Mental Health Act

The most common of the chromosomal disorders leading to intellectual disability is:

Down Syndrome

Who received the Nobel Prize for research that led to the development of the lobotomy procedure?

Egas Moniz

Which statement is true of the prevalence of schizophrenia in men and women? Men are usually diagnosed with schizophrenia before the age of 15, whereas women are usually diagnosed after the age of 30. Men are diagnosed with schizophrenia far more often than are women. Equal numbers of men and women receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Women tend to have much higher rates of schizophrenia, which is theoretically related to the higher levels of estrogen in their blood.

Equal numbers of men and women receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia.

_____ are perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli.

Hallucinations

A patient is taking an antipsychotic medication to treat schizophrenia. Which is NOT a known side effect of this drug? Parkinsonian-type symptoms Huntington's-type symptoms neuroleptic malignant syndrome tardive dyskinesia PreviousNext

Huntington's-type symptoms

Which statement BEST reflects the findings of twin studies evaluating genetic factors associated with schizophrenia? If one twin has schizophrenia, the other twin—if male—has a significantly increased risk of developing schizophrenia. Identical twins are almost five times as likely to develop schizophrenia as are fraternal twins. If one twin has schizophrenia, there is a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia developing in the other twin, for both identical and fraternal twins. If one twin has schizophrenia, there is an increased risk of schizophrenia developing in the other twin, with a substantially higher risk for identical twins.

If one twin has schizophrenia, there is an increased risk of schizophrenia developing in the other twin, with a substantially higher risk for identical twins.

In the middle of a conversation with your friend about ice hockey, she says, "It's so cold during hockey season. All the movement—gliding and flying high in various patterns. Animals have their own approach, but not in the streets. Smells of blue are everywhere!" Which formal thought disorder does this represent?

Loose associations

Why is Asperger's disorder no longer a diagnosis?

It is now diagnosed under the autism spectrum disorder or communication disorder label.

Which of the following has NOT been linked to schizophrenia? Cannabis, i.e., marijuana, use Having a schizophrenic mother Lower social class Having a short attention span Maturing physically at an early age

Maturing physically at an early age

Jude is taking an antipsychotic medication and has developed muscle rigidity, fever, altered consciousness, and improper functioning of the autonomic nervous system. What condition is developing?

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Today, psychosurgery is used only in severe cases of:

OCD and depression

Which of these is an important concern about the use of methylphenidate to treat ADHD? Research on its effectiveness and safety has been done almost exclusively on non-Hispanic white American children. Negative side effects are serious enough to discourage the use of methylphenidate among adolescents. Fortunately, methylphenidate is not effective when used as a recreational drug. Most ADHD children are better off if they are not treated with methylphenidate.

Research on its effectiveness and safety has been done almost exclusively on non-Hispanic white American children.

Which statement BEST describes the relationship between brain circuits and schizophrenia? Schizophrenia has been linked to brain circuits that are generally overactive. Schizophrenia has been linked to brain circuits that are generally underactive. Schizophrenia has been linked to overactivity of some brain structures and underactivity of other brain structures. Brain circuits that are linked to schizophrenia differ substantially from person to person, thus making it nearly impossible to reveal general relationships between them.

Schizophrenia has been linked to overactivity of some brain structures and underactivity of other brain structures.

What conclusions were made by McGlashan et al. (2005). in their investigation of the stability of diagnoses for personality disorders?

That there were trait like aspects of the different personality disorders which did not change over time while other behaviors were more symptomatic and fluctuated over time.

One main difference between first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs is that second-generation drugs:

The psychomotor symptoms for schizophrenia may take certain extreme forms, collectively called:

Which criticism has NOT been made about token economy programs in the treatment of the mentally ill?

There is no evidence of improvement as a result of these programs.

Which is a true statement regarding the childhood disorders covered in this chapter? They are more prevalent in boys than in girls. They are all easily identified before the age of 5 years. They are all directly connected to poor parenting skills. They are all resistant to treatment, with very poor prognosis for recovery by adulthood.

They are more prevalent in boys than in girls.

Which statement is true regarding the intersection of child abuse and socioeconomic status? Whereas child abuse through violence is equally common across all socioeconomic classes, sexual abuse is more common among the wealthy. Whereas child sexual abuse is equally common across all socioeconomic classes, abuse through violence is more common among the poor. Child abuse is more common among the very poor and the very wealthy. All forms of abuse are equally common across all socioeconomic classes.

Whereas child sexual abuse is equally common across all socioeconomic classes, abuse through violence is more common among the poor.

Vera, who has an intellectual disability, participates in a program that provides opportunities to socialize with others and to learn about romantic relationships and contraception. Vera is MOST likely participating in:

a dating skills program

Elise has schizophrenia and has been exceptionally quiet for the past few days. Even when directly spoken to, she gives only very short answers or sometimes refuses to speak at all. Which symptom of schizophrenia is Elise displaying?

alogia

What does theory of mind refer to?

an awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own beliefs, intentions, and other mental states.

Freudian theorists suggest that people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are:

anal retentive

The use of antipsychotic medication dates back to the 1940s, when _____ drugs were used to calm patients about to undergo surgery.

antihistamine

The discovery of _____ revolutionized treatment for schizophrenia.

antipsychotic drugs

A con artist is MOST likely to suffer from _____ personality disorder.

antisocial

Chaeyoung often has difficulty establishing social ties. He feels extremely uncomfortable in social situations and expresses fear that he will be embarrassed or appear foolish to others. This is most reflective of which personality disorder?

avoidant personality disorder

How many people typically reside in a halfway house?

between 12 and 24

Jasmine always feels like she's on an emotional rollercoaster. She goes between feeling depressed, anxious, and angry. Jasmine's feelings are MOST similar to those of someone with which personality disorder?

borderline personality disorder

Surveys from different parts of the world have shown that _____ ranks as a major problem in the minds of most young respondents.

bullying

What is the name of the comprehensive treatment approach applied particularly in cases of borderline personality disorder and/or suicidal intent?

dialectical behavioral therapy

A growing number of community therapists have become _____ for people with schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders.

case managers

The psychomotor symptoms for schizophrenia may take certain extreme forms, collectively called:

catatonia

DSM-5 identifies 10 personality disorders using what is called a:

categorial approach

People who take _____ undergo periodic drug testing to monitor for agranulocytosis.

clozapine

Based on current research, which treatment approach would you recommend for treating someone with autism spectrum disorder?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Which receives the LEAST amount of federal and state funds?

community treatment programs for people with sever mental disorders

A child sneaks out of his house every now and then and goes through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations and scratching car paint. These behaviors MOST closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder?

covert-destructive

Willa cannot do anything on her own and consults others, even on the smallest decision. She is constantly in need of praise to validate her work and is overly sensitive to any disagreement. She will do almost anything to please others. She may be experiencing _____ personality disorder.

dependent

Psychodynamic explanations for dependent personality disorder are very similar to those for:

depression

A person with schizophrenia says to you, "Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet 10 inches tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw." This example illustrates which symptom of schizophrenia?

derailment

The _____ theory suggests that schizophrenia causes victims to fall from a higher to a lower socioeconomic level or to remain poor because they are unable to function effectively.

downward drift

Kris has recently been diagnosed with ADHD. Based on current treatment practices, which two treatment modalities are MOST likely to be applied?

drug therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy

Repeated involuntary bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes is known as:

enuresis

Relational aggression is a term used to describe a pattern of aggression MOST common among:

girls diagnosed with conduct disorder

Helena was just discharged from a public mental health facility. She went to live with other former patients in a group-living arrangement. There were staff members there to help, but the residents controlled most of the day-to-day activities. Helena's living arrangement is a:

halfway house

Which symptom is NOT associated with schizophrenia? having an increased energy level talking but not conveying anything withdrawing from others having a blunted affect

having an increased energy level

Therapists who teach clients to make statements such as, "It's not a real voice; it's my illness," are using a technique from the cognitive-behavioral approach that involves:

helping clients interpret their hallucinations

Which is NOT a description of the three clusters of DSM-5 personality disorders?

high degree of learned helplessness

Which personality disorder was once called hysterical personality disorder and involves individuals who are typically described as emotionally charged and seeking to be the center of attention?

histrionic

A belief that unrelated events pertain to oneself in some important way is known as:

ideas of reference

Research has shown that people with schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders receiving this type of therapy often improve and that they leave the hospital at higher rates than patients in programs that offer primarily custodial care.

milieu therapy

Individuals with schizophrenia sometimes make up words that have meaning only for themselves. These words are called:

neologisms

Which is NOT a category of schizophrenia symptoms?

neuromotor

Children who suffer some form of abuse are most likely to be abused by a:

parent

You suspect that a child you are treating has ADHD. Which of the following should be completed to confirm the diagnosis of ADHD?

parent and teacher reports, clinical observations, interviews, psychological tests, and rating scales

Delusions of _____ are the most common type of delusions in schizophrenia.

persecution

The group of antihistamine drugs that became the first group of effective antipsychotic medications was called:

phenothiazines

What is the cognitive explanation for what processes are going wrong that leads to symptoms of schizophrenia?

problems in filtering irrelevant stimuli

Many individuals with schizophrenia go through three phases, the first of which is the:

prodromal stage

Mark has autism spectrum disorder. When Mark is hungry, he looks at his mother and asks, "Do you want dinner?" This reversal of pronouns is referred to as:

pronominal reversal

Dominic, who has schizophrenia, was experiencing hallucinations and disorganized speech for the past six weeks. His psychosis has subsided but he has become very quiet, socially withdrawn, and has a flat affect. Dominic is in the _____ phase of schizophrenia.

residual

People with _____ personality disorder persistently avoid and are removed from social relationships and demonstrate little in the way of emotion.

schizoid

Emmett experiences ideas of reference and bodily illusions. MOST likely, Emmett has _____ personality disorder.

schizotypal

People with _____ personality disorder display a range of interpersonal problems marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities.

schizotypal

Stephanie was always chatting away at home with her siblings and parents. She was considered shy when out in public, never speaking to others. However, her parents weren't concerned until she started preschool. She has been in school for four months and still hasn't spoken to her teacher or classmates. Stephanie is displaying signs of:

selective mutism

Which is NOT a personality tendency that would be included in the newly proposed diagnosis that is called personality disorder trait specified (PDTS)?

sexual promiscuity

Many people who are recovering from schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders receive occupational training in a(n) _____ workshop, which is a supervised workplace for individuals who are not ready to work independently in competitive or complicated jobs.

sheltered

Mild intellectual disability is linked mainly to:

sociocultural and psychological causes

A therapist is treating an individual with schizophrenia. The therapist asks the client various questions to determine the level of expressed emotion at home. This therapist is MOST likely a(n):

sociocultural therapist

A woman has been treated with chlorpromazine, a first-generation antipsychotic, for several years. Lately she seems to be chewing gum all the time, and her arms are always in motion. She has begun to display twitching facial tics. This is an example of:

tardive dyskinesia

One especially good reason to use a form of group therapy in the treatment of dependent personality disorder is that: because the participants are so dependent, the therapist can still control the group. the group members will see how maladaptive the dependent behavior is when they observe it in the other group members. the group members can model appropriate behaviors and the expression of feelings to one another. the group members tend to see the role of patient as inferior when in treatment individually.

the group members can model appropriate behaviors and the expression of feelings to one another.

Research on the relationship between schizophrenia and family interactions has shown that: the rate of schizophrenia is lowest in families that display the highest levels of expressed emotion. most people with schizophrenia were raised by parents who were emotionally cold and distant. interactions among family members for those with schizophrenia are unrelated to the rate of relapse. the rate of relapse is lower in families with lower levels of expressed emotion and higher levels of support.

the rate of relapse is lower in families with lower levels of expressed emotion and higher levels of support.

If schizophrenia depended solely on genetic make-up, then compared to rates of schizophrenia in siblings in general, fraternal twins should have: four times the concordance rate for schizophrenia. twice the concordance rate for schizophrenia. the same concordance rate for schizophrenia. half the concordance rate for schizophrenia.

the same concordance rate for schizophrenia.