Final quizzes

The Seneca Falls Convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York in ________ It was the first women's rights convention which advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman"/\.

1848

________ are focused on self-improvement and limited, specific changes to individual beliefs and behavior. T

Alternative movements

What is the process called by which a minority group and a majority group combine to form a new group?

Amalgamation

________focuses on collective action rather than collective behavior, addressing the processes associated with crowd behavior and the life cycle and various categories of gatherings.

Assembling perspective

Which of these terms describes the process by which a minority individual or group abandons its own identity to take on the characteristics of the dominant culture, perhaps by absorbing immigrants from different lands?

Assimilation

People standing in line at the post office would represent which type of crowd?

Casual

________ immigration came to an abrupt end with the Exclusion Act of 1882. This act was a result of anti-immigrant sentiment due to a depressed economy and loss of jobs. White workers blamed these migrants for taking their jobs. Because these men did not have the funds to return to their homeland, or to bring their families to the United States, they remained physically and culturally segregated in areas of large cities.

Chinese

The ________ was characterized by boycotts, marches, sit-ins, and freedom rides as demonstrations by a subordinate group that would no longer willingly submit to domination.

Civil rights movement

________ is non-institutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage.

Collective behavior

________ view education as a means of widening the gap in social inequality.

Conflict theorists

________ are those that are questioned or questionable by some medical professionals.

Contested illnesses

________ is the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications. These certificates or degrees serve as a symbol of what a person has achieved, and allows the labeling of that individual.

Credentialism

Identify the following example of white privilege.

Eli, a white student attending Michigan State, is coming driving home from a party at college. He pulls up to a drunk-driving checkpoint where police are stopping people and asking them for their IDs. Having not consumed alcohol that evening, he has a reasonable expectation that the police will look at his ID and let him pass without further questioning.

The ________ of the women's movement took place during the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century throughout the world. It focused on the legal issue of women's right to vote.

First wave

________ describes the learning of academic facts and concepts through an established curriculum.

Formal education

Which of the following theories would suggest that racial and ethnic inequalities must have served an important purpose in order to exist as long as they have?

Functionalism

It is important to distinguish between socialized medicine, in which the government owns the healthcare system, and universal healthcare, which is simply a system that guarantees healthcare coverage for everyone. ________ all have universal healthcare.

Germany, Singapore, and Canada

Which theory suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes when we examine the advantages and disadvantages of race?

Intersection theory

________ immigration began in the 1880s. Many of these immigrants came to Hawaii to participate in the sugar industry; others came to the mainland, especially to agricultural pursuits in California.

Japanese

________ (the process by which previously normal aspects of life are redefined as deviant and needing medical attention to remedy), has historically included many aspects of women's lives, including menstruation, pre-menstrual syndrome, pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause.

Medicalization

________ is the call to action and tells a person exactly what to do once you agree with and believe in the frame.

Motivational framing

Which group is the only non-immigrant ethnic group in the United States?

Native Americans

________ encompasses all interactive forms of information exchange. These include social networking sites, blogs, podcasts, wikis, and virtual worlds.

New media

________ requires states to test students in designated grades. The results of those tests determine eligibility to receive federal funding. Schools that do not meet the standards set, run the risk of having their funding cut.

No Child Left Behind

________ offers a solution and states how it will be implemented.

Prognostic framing

________ focuses on mismatches between anatomical sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation, not just division into male/female or homosexual/hetereosexual. By so labelling their discipline, scholars reject the effects of labeling; instead, they embraced the term and reclaimed it for their own purposes.

Queer theory

________ seek to change something specific about the social structure.

Reformative movements

________ seek to completely change every aspect of society. Examples include the Civil Rights Movement or political movements, such as a push for communism.

Revolutionary movements

The ________of the women's movement began in the early 1960s in the United States, and lasted through the early 1980s and drew attention to a host of issues, including the Equal Rights Amendment, which was defeated by anti-feminists.

Second Wave

________is the study of the causes and distribution of diseases.

Social epidemiology

________ suggest that labeling has a direct correlation to those who are in power and those who are labeled.

Symbolic interaction theorists

________ aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction.

Symbolic interaction theory

________ was responsible for both busing programs to schools outside their neighborhoods and academic preschools geared toward remediation of deficits associated with low socioeconomic status.

The Coleman Report

________ is a functionalist perspective that states that several preconditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur.

Value-added theory

________ was a decision by the U.S. Supreme Court which declared that state laws which had established separate schools for black and white students were, in fact, unequal and unconstitutional.

________ was a decision by the U.S. Supreme Court which declared that state laws which had established separate schools for black and white students were, in fact, unequal and unconstitutional.

Of the three primary forms of collective behavior, ________ is a large group of people in close proximity.

a crowd

The increase in our senior population as baby boomers begin to retire, which will in turn change the way many of our social institutions are organized, reflects ________ that impacts all other aspects of society.

a population trend

Education is ________ through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms.

a social institution

Finland is consistently in the top five educational rankings in the world. Differences between their system and ours includes ________ in Finnish schools than in schools in the United States.

about 300 fewer hours in school and more recess

One of the biggest contributors to medical issues in low-income countries is the lack of

access to clean water and basic sanitation resources.

The difference between the terms "Arab" and "Muslim" is that Arab refers to ________ and Muslim refers to ________.

an ethnicity; a religion

According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the most common mental disorders in the United States are ________.

anxiety disorders

A minority group is made up of people who

are disadvantaged in some way by the dominant group.

Stereotypes

are recycled from subordinate groups that have assimilated into society.

According to the American Psychological Association, individuals usually become aware of their sexual orientation

between middle childhood and early adolescence.

Given a public education system that is primarily funded ________, we see a wide disparity of funding per student throughout the country.

by local property taxes, rather than by state and federal funds distributed to all schools equally

The discussion on the performance of ________ versus public schools is hotly debated with many studies being completed. Research indicates that they do not always outperform public schools.

charter schools

President Obama's 2008 presidential campaign used social media to engage volunteers who had typically not bothered with politics and empowered those who were more active to generate even more activity. This demonstrates how helpful social media can be during the ________ stage of social movements.

coalescence

Gender stratification through the division of labor is not exclusive to the United States, all societies classify work by gender. When a pattern appears in all societies, it is called a ________.

cultural universal

Healthcare, as we know it, is virtually non-existent in ________ countries.

developing or underdeveloped

Social movements have a life cycle, they ________. All social movements go through this cycle.

emerge, grow, and in some cases, die out.

The ________ emphasizes the importance of social norms in crowd behavior.

emergent-norm theory

When we speak of descent through such cultural backgrounds as Irish, Italian American, Russian, Jewish, and Serbian we are actually discussing

ethnicity.

The women's movement is also referred to as

feminism.

Some groups find it best to join together to maximize their impact. When social movements link their goals to the goals of other social movements and merge into a single group, a ________ occurs.

frame alignment

According to ________, racism is one way to justify racial inequality in society.

functionalism

Social organizations worldwide take stands on such general areas of concern as poverty, sex trafficking, and the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food are examples of a

global level social movement.

It is important to note that ethnic minorities, including African Americans, Mexican Americans and Native Americans, ________ than whites.

have higher rates of diseases and causes of mortality

One implication of the ________ is that employees have access to email and information 24 hours/7 days a week and are expected to be more available and responsive.

immediacy of information transfer

An example of ________ is the way that women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with certain kinds of mental disorders.

institutionalized sexism

Functionalists suggest that ________ are the hidden and unintended functions.

latent (or secondary) functions

Functionalists suggest that ________, are the intended and visible functions of education, and latent (or secondary) functions, which are the hidden and unintended functions.

manifest (or primary) functions

Major topics for ________ include the ways that society influences attitudes about diseases and health.

medical sociologists

Women work ________ than men.

more unpaid hours

What acts as the first socializing agent for children, concerning the development of their sexual identities?

parents

In ________ societies, men's contributions are seen as more valuable than those of women. Such perspectives and arrangements are widespread and taken for granted.

patriarchal

Male dominated jobs ________ although they require the same level of skills and training.

pay more than female dominated jobs

Some of the most frequent causes of death for children under five in low income nations were ________. These deaths could be easily avoidable with cleaner water and more coverage of available medical care.

pneumonia and diarrheal diseases

Almost all healthcare in the United States is run by ________.

private sector

U.S. health care coverage can broadly be divided into two main categories

public health care (government funded) and private health care (privately funded).

Since the term ________ refers to biological or physical distinctions, these characteristics will not vary significantly between different human societies.

sex

Mimicking the actions of ________ is the first step in the development of a separate sense of self, and children become agents who actively facilitate and apply normative gender expectations to those around them.

significant others

The focus of ________ theory would be on the inequalities of gender, social class, education, race, and ethnicity.

social conflict

Gender is something we do or perform, not something we are. In other words, both gender and sexuality are ________.

socially constructed

According to functionalism, in addition to preparing students to function in society, another role of schools is that of

sorting, or classifying students based on academic merit or potential.

According to ________, the sick role exemption is temporary and relative to the severity of the illness. The exemption also requires that a physician must certify that the illness is genuine.

structural-functional theorists

A term that can be used interchangeably with the term "minority" is

subordinate group.

Research has demonstrated that "one of the strongest and most consistent predictors of a person's morbidity and mortality experience is ________.

that person's socioeconomic status (SES)

Health care disparities between racial and ethnic groups are based on

the level of healthcare that these racial/ethnic groups receive.

A person's sex, as determined by their biology, does not always correspond with their gender. Therefore,

the terms sex and gender are not interchangeable.

Women's pay decreases on average relative to men once ________, and men's pay increases.

there are children in the family

Research also describes the infant mortality rate in the United States. This is the number of deaths of children under one year of age in a given time or place. The rate for blacks was nearly ________ that of whites.

twice

Children learn at a young age that there are distinct expectations for boys and girls. Cross-cultural studies reveal that children are aware of gender roles by the age of

two or three.

The term ________ refers to people's equal ability to participate in an education system. On a world level, access might be more difficult for certain groups based on class or gender, as was the case in the United States earlier in the nation's history, a dynamic we still struggle to overcome.

universal access

U.S. slavery continued for 150 years. Black Africans were kidnapped from their own lands and shipped to the New World on the trans-Atlantic journey called the Middle Passage. Slave codes declared that the child of a slave was a slave________.

which created the slave class in the United States

One of the benefits that some people receive simply by being part of the dominant group in the U.S. is called

white privilege.