Final Study Guide
During opioid intoxication, a person may experience periods of light sleep with vivid dreams. A person in this state is referred to as being:
on the nod
Which of the following is true of alcohol dependents or abusers in the United States?
only about 25% of them seek treatment
Morphine, heroin, codeine, and methadone are all:
opioids
If a client is in _____ therapy, the therapist might explore the origins of the client's attitudes about sexual techniques in earlier relationships.
psychodynamic
Another word for a sociopath is:
psychopath
Individuals with schizotypal personality disorder tend to rate higher than do people with other personality disorders on the dimension of:
psychoticism
All of the following are pathological personality traits associated with borderline personality disorder in the DSM-5 EXCEPT:
psychoticism.
All of the following are personality traits associated with borderline personality disorder in the DSM-5 EXCEPT:
psychoticism.
Analysis of brain-wave activity suggests that there are five stages of sleep: four differing depths of sleep and a fifth stage, known as:
rapid eye movement
Dreaming occurs during the:
rapid eye movement sleep.
Individuals' beliefs that they can engage in the behaviors to attain goals are known as:
self-efficacy beliefs.
Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to the impulse of aggressive behavior in people diagnosed with intermittent explosion disorder?
serotonin
Both depression and coronary heart disease (CHD) are linked to genes that alter the functioning of the:
serotonin system.
Most of the pharmacological treatments for intermittent explosion disorder target levels of:
serotonin.
Research suggests that _____ problems are strong predictors of violent behavior.
substance abuse
The diagnosis of _____ is given in the DSM-5 when a person's recurrent use of a substance results in significant harmful consequences.
substance abuse
One of the most celebrated applications of the notion of diminished capacity was _____.
the Twinkie Defense
In the United States, young adults between _____ have the highest rates of alcohol consumption and make up the largest proportion of problem drinkers of any age group.
18-24
Alois Alzheimer first described a type of dementia that is now known as Alzheimer's disease in _____.
1906
Binge drinking is defined as consuming:
5 or more drinks within a couple hours
____ involves denying that you are ill or are facing other obvious stresses.
Avoidance coping
Which form of mental health care is most likely to be provided for prison inmates?
Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous meetings for substance abusers
When the fight-or-flight response is caused by an immediate stressor, the response is useful and then subsides. This adaptation is called:
Allostasis
_____ is characterized by episodes of sudden loss of muscle tone, lasting under two minutes.
Cataplexy
_____ therapies have proven helpful for people with avoidant personality disorder.
Cognitive and behavior
_____ involves the use of nonliving objects for sexual arousal or gratification.
Fetishistic disorder
One of the abnormal genes seen in children with conduct disorders is the _____ gene, which regulates the neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.
MAOA
Under the DSM-5 criteria, which of the following pathological personality traits is associated with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
Negative affectivity
Which of the following is the strongest predictor of delirium?
Neurocognitive disorder
Which of the following is true of neuroimaging studies and dementia?
Neuroimaging studies indicate that brain deterioration associated with dementia is greater for people with less education than for those with more education.
Which of the following involves repeated episodes of upper-airway blockage during sleep?
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
Which of the following spend the least amount sleeping time in REM sleep?
Older people
Which of the following is the social/environmental factor most often studied by health psychologists?
Stress
What percentage of stroke patients develop cognitive deficits serious enough to qualify for a diagnosis of dementia?
about 25%
Controlled studies of the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia find that _____ the clients completely stop the binge/purge cycle.
about half
When a person closes his or her eyes and relaxes, the brain waves characteristically show a regular pattern of 8 to 12 hertz. These waves are known as:
alpha waves.
On the street, _____ are known as "speed," "meth," and "chalk."
amphetamines
Children with oppositional defiant disorder show abnormalities in what areas of the brain?
amygdala
Studies show that people with borderline personality disorder have greater activation of the _____, which may contribute to the difficulty they have in regulating their moods.
amygdala
ICU/CCU psychosis refers to:
an experience of hospitalized patients hearing noises from machines, which they believe to be human voices.
Under the DSM-5 approach, the first step in diagnosing a personality disorder is determining:
an individual's level of functioning.
People with avoidant personality disorder:
are prone to shame.
The _____ phase of the sexual response cycle combines a psychological experience of pleasure and the physiological changes known as vasocongestion and myotonia.
arousal
Pedro is at a party and has taken a substance that has made him euphoric and disinhibited; he then experiences lethargy, loss of coordination and other signs of central nervous system depression. He has most likely taken:
benzodiazepines
Amphetamines release the neurotransmitters _____ and block their reuptake.
dopamine and norepinephrine
Because of his family's illegal and antisocial activities, Diego's parents have had difficulties keeping good jobs. Hence, he and his siblings are growing up in poor surroundings where they are exposed to toxins that damage there developing brains. Now they are irritable and difficult. This is an example of:
downward social drift
Aaron Pincus and Mark Lukowitzky maintained that narcissists can be both:
grandiose and vulnerable
Asian and Latino cultures are more likely to provide home care for family members with dementia because they:
have a more positive view toward caring for the sick and elderly.
Many children with antisocial tendencies:
have experienced harsh and inconsistent parenting and physical abuse.
April is receiving individual therapy from Dr. Gruber for her anorexia. Dr. Gruber will most likely:
help April reevaluate her thoughts about being thin.
Spectatoring involves:
individuals anxiously attending to reactions and performance during sex as if they were spectators.
The _____ immune system reacts quickly and nonspecifically to any microorganism or toxin that enters the body.
innate
Men with the _____ form of male erectile disorder have never been able to sustain an erection for a desired period of time.
lifelong
Lack of remorse or guilt for ones actions and lack of concern for performance at school or work, as well as shallow emotions demonstrates:
limited prosocial emotions.
The DSM-IV included _____ separate personality disorders.
10
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia usually lasts about _____ months and involves _____ sessions.
3 to 6; 10 to 20
In the United States, coronary heart disease (CHD) accounts for _____ percent of all deaths.
35
Approximately _____ of women experience involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the outer third of the vagina when penetration with a penis, finger, tampon, or speculum is attempted.
5 to 17
Roughly _____ percent of children on the autism spectrum show at least moderate intellectual disability.
50
Twin studies find that the concordance rate for antisocial behaviors is nearly _____ in MZ twins.
50%
A nationwide study suggests that approximately _____ of the population could be diagnosed with.
6 percent
Some studies estimate that as much as _____% of the population meets the DSM-5 criteria for intermittent explosion disorder.
7
People who sleep fewer than 6 hours each night have a _____ percent higher mortality rate than those who sleep at least 7 or 8 hours each night
70
Approximately _____% of individuals diagnosed with childhood-onset conduct disorder are chronically unemployed, have a history of unstable relationships, and frequently engage in impulsive physical aggression or abuse their spouse.
75
Which of the following statements is true of the factors contributing to gender identity disorder?
A cluster of cells in the hypothalamus, which plays a role in sexual behavior, has been implicated in multiple studies.
Which of the following occurs in the third and fourth stages of sleep?
A pattern of slow waves of 1 to 2 hertz
Which of the following prescription drugs would most likely NOT diminish sexual drive and arousal and interfere with orgasm?
A statin
Which of the following statements about borderline personality disorder is NOT true?
About 75 percent of people with this disorder attempt suicide, but almost all are unsuccessful due to timely intervention
Which of the following is true about drug treatments and psychotherapies in treating bulimia?
Adding cognitive-behavioral therapy to antidepressant treatment increases the rate of recovery from the disorder.
Which of the following medications has the least clear benefit in the treatment of insomnia?
Antihistamine
Which type of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders involves a persistent pattern of sleep onset and awakenings that are 2 or more hours earlier than desired?
Advanced sleep phase
Which of the following groups is most likely to be diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder?
African Americans
In general, _____ are more likely to be diagnosed with dementia.
African-American
Which of the following groups has the highest rate of obesity?
African-Americans
Which of the following is the most common form of dementia?
Alzheimer's disease
Which of the following did DSM-5 drop from the anorexia nervosa diagnostic criteria?
Amenorrhea
The Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984 adopted the _____ definition of insanity.
American Psychiatric Association's definition
Which of the following statements is true of sexual activity among older adults?
Among older adults, the loss of a spouse and discomfort with one's own aging can contribute to sexual problems.
Rodney is experiencing premature ejaculation and his primary care physician has suggested several antidepressants that may be helpful. Which of the following is Rodney's physician most likely to prescribe?
Anafril
Which of the following statements is true of relationship problems and sexual dysfunction?
Anorgasmia in women may be tied to lack of communication between a woman and her male partner.
Under the DSM-5 criteria, which of the following pathological personality traits is associated with narcissistic personality disorder?
Antagonism
Deliberately annoying peers, blaming others for your mistakes and refusing to do what your mom asks are all examples of what category of criteria for oppositional defiant disorder?
Argumentative/defiant behaviors
The DSM-5 criterion for conduct disorder involves several categories of behaviors. Which of the following is NOT a category of criteria?
Argumentative/defiant behaviors
Which of the following antidepressants has proven most useful in the treatment of borderline personality disorder?
Aripiprazole
What is the process in which the blood vessels that supply the heart muscles are narrowed or closed by the gradual buildup of a hard, fatty substance called plaque and inflammation of the vessel walls?
Atherosclerosis
_____ theories of paraphilia explain them as resulting from initial associations of intense early sexual arousal with a particular stimulus.
Behavioral
Comparisons of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) suggest that:
CBT is significantly more effective in treating bulimia
Obesity is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
Caesarian sections
Which of the following is true about the factors that contribute to autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Children with ASD have a higher than average rate of other genetic disorders associated with cognitive impairment, including fragile X syndrome and PKU.
Which of the following statements is true about sensate focus therapy?
Clients are told to focus intently on the pleasure created by the exercises.
Which of the following research observations is true of violence by mentally ill people?
Clinicians do not probe mentally ill women for evidence of a tendency toward violence as much as they do mentally ill men.
_____ therapies are the most researched treatment for anorexia nervosa.
Cognitive-behavioral
_____ is more effective than _____ in producing complete cessation of binge eating and purging and in preventing relapse over the long term.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy; drug therapies
_____ provide reinforcements for individuals to curtail their use of substances, for example, employment, housing, or vouchers for purchases at local stores.
Contingency management programs
Which of the following is a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder that involves a persistent pattern of late sleep onset and late awakenings, and an inability to go to sleep or wake up earlier at a desired or conventionally acceptable time?
Delayed sleep phase type
Which of the following statements is true about the causes of dementia?
Dementia can be caused by a deficiency in thiamine.
Which of the following is NOT recognized by the DSM-5 as a distinct personality disorder?
Dependent personality disorder
Which of the following psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder focuses on helping clients gain a more realistic and positive sense of self, learn adaptive skills for solving problems and regulating emotions, and correct dichotomous thinking?
Dialectical behavior therapy
Which of the following types of insanity defense was done away with by all jurisdictions in the 1970s?
Durham rule
Which of the following has the stimulant effects of an amphetamine along with occasional hallucinogenic properties?
Ecstasy
_____ is defined as difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep that lasts only a few days and is an isolated occurrence.
Episodic insomnia
_____ is a form of sexual arousal by obtaining sexual gratification by exposing ones genitals to involuntary observers
Exhibitionism
Which of the following statements is true about schizotypal personality disorder?
For a person to be given a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder, his or her odd or eccentric thoughts cannot be part of cultural beliefs.
According to a major study on violent activity among former psychiatric patients, which of the following groups had the lowest rate of violent activity?
Former patients with a major mental disorder without a history of substance abuse.
_____, a common cause of intellectual disability, is caused when a tip of the X chromosome breaks off.
Fragile X Syndrome
Which of the following is a central nervous system depressant approved for the treatment of the sleep disorder narcolepsy?
GHB
____ goes by the street name G. and Liquid Ecstasy, and is also considered to be a date-rape drug.
GHB
Larry is profoundly mentally retarded. His parents were recently killed in a car accident. Larry is unable to care for himself. In the context civil commitment, which of the following criteria does Larry satisfy?
Grave Disability
_____ provide people with explicit information about how to engage in positive health-related behaviors and with opportunities to do so in increasingly challenging situations.
Guided mastery techniques
Which of the following types of insanity defense is an alternate to "not guilty by reason of insanity" adopted by some U.S. states?
Guilty but mentally ill
According to research, which of the following groups is more likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder?
Hispanics
John feels that his memory is failing. His friends say that his behavior has changed of late and complain about his irregular jerks, grimaces, and twitches. John is most likely suffering from:
Huntington's disease
Which of the following is characterized by excessive quantity of sleep?
Hypersomnia
_____ is a condition in which blood flows through vessels with excessive force, putting pressure on vessel walls.
Hypertension
_____ disorder is characterized by having little desire for sex.
Hypoactive sexual disorder
The idea that the loss of semen can be detrimental to health is not accepted in Western cultures but is relevant to traditional:
Indian and Chinese cultures.
_____ means that a patient accepts treatment after receiving a full and understandable explanation of the treatment being offered and makes a decision based on his or her own judgment of the risks and benefits of the treatment.
Informed consent
An individual who has insomnia at least three nights per week for at least three months is likely to be diagnosed with ______.
Insomnia disorder
Which of the following is true about the verdict of "guilty but mentally ill"?
It has been adopted by some states as an alternative to the verdict of "not guilty by reason of insanity."
Which of the following is true of the effects of sleep deprivation?
It is cumulative in nature.
Which of the following statements is true about stuttering?
It is more prevalent among boys than girls.
Which of the following is true of freebase cocaine?
It is usually smoked in a water pipe or mixed in a tobacco or marijuana cigarette.
Which of the following makes cocaine more likely than most substances to lead to abuse and dependence?
Its rapid, strong effects on the brain's reward centers
Which of the following refers to the second stage of sleep that is characterized by an occasional sharp rise and fall in the amplitude of the entire EEG?
K-complex
Which of the following is a rapid-acting anesthetic that produces hallucinogenic effects ranging from rapture to paranoia to boredom?
Ketamine
A depersonalization syndrome known as _____, thought to result from semen loss, has been reported by several Asian cultures. This syndrome involves acute anxiety, a feeling of panic and impending death, and a delusion that the penis is shrinking into the body and disappearing.
Koro
Which of the following did Dan White's lawyers say influenced his ability to form the necessary mens rea?
Large amounts of junk foods
_____ was the first psychiatrist to describe autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Leo Kanner
Which of the following is NOT a reason why men and women of a lower socioeconomic status may experience more sexual dysfunctions?
Less imbalance of power in relationships
Which of the following occurs in the first stage of sleep?
Less regular and lower amplitude brain waves
Which of the following is true regarding treatments for antisocial personality disorder?
Lithium and atypical antipsychotics have been successful in controlling impulsive and aggressive behaviors.
Which of the following is true concerning hormones and sexual dysfunction?
Low levels of testosterone and high levels of estrogen and prolactin can cause sexual dysfunction in men
Which of the following is a conclusion of alcohol abuse offered by social learning theories?
Maladaptive patterns of alcohol use may be passed down through a family through modeling.
Which of the following is a valid research finding?
Married couples who argue more show poorer immunological functioning than other married couples.
The best-studied family therapy for persons with anorexia is known as the:
Maudsley Model
_____ is based on the argument that people with borderline personality disorder have fundamental difficulty understanding the mental states of themselves and others because of traumatic experiences in childhood and poor attachment to their caregivers.
Mentalization-based treatment
Which of the following best explains why those who take heroin while on methadone do not experience heroin's intense psychological effects?
Methadone blocks receptors for heroin.
Which of the following is true about disputes over a patient's right to refuse treatment?
Most often clinicians and family members pressure patients to accept treatment, so most patients agree to treatment after initially refusing it.
Which of the following is true about treatment for sexual dysfunction?
Most people who are troubled by sexual dysfunction receive only medication, and no psychological services.
_____ is a drug that blocks receptors for opiates and has been shown to be useful in reducing hyperactivity in some children with autism spectrum disorder.
Naltrexone
Which of the following involves recurrent attacks of an irrepressible need to sleep, lapses into sleep, or naps occurring within the same day?
Narcolepsy
_____ is a personality trait characterized by hyperreactivity to stress and poor coping skills.
Neuroticism
Which of the following age-groups spend the maximum sleeping time in REM sleep?
Newborn infants
According to research, which of the following statements about nightmares is typically true?
Nightmares are more common in children than in adults.
Who is credited with discovering that there is a physiological basis for the ancient theory that laughter is good medicine?
Norman Cousins
What is synesthesia?
Overflow from one sensory modality to another
_____ is characterized by sexual activities that focus on nonliving objects, prepubescent children, nonconsenting adults, suffering, or humiliation.
Paraphilia
Which of the following is true of pathological gambling?
Pathological gamblers have a greater disruption in the systems regulating the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Which drug is also known as angel dust, Hog, and Tranq?
Phencyclidine
Which personality disorder is characterized by an unstable or disorganized identity and they tend to have odd beliefs, perceptions, and self presentations?
Schizotypal personality disorder
After an adult has been asleep for an hour or so, the EEG becomes very active. This stage is known as:
REM sleep
Which of the following statements is true about the different learning disorders?
Reading disorder affects about 4 percent of children.
Which of the following is a widely known date-rape drug which goes by the slang names Roche and the Forget-Me-Not Pill?
Rohypnol
_____ is a group intervention for people with borderline personality disorder that combines cognitive techniques challenging irrational and maladaptive cognitions and behavioral techniques addressing self-management and problem solving.
STEPP
Roger believes he has a special ability. He believes he can read the thoughts of other people and transfer his own thoughts into their mind. There are times when he believes that certain random events and circumstances are directly related to him. On some occasions, he becomes very suspicious of the people around him. Which of the following personality disorders best describes Roger's behavior?
Schizotypal personality disorder
Which of the following is true about schizotypal personality disorder?
Schizotypal personality disorder is much more common in the first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia than in the relatives of other psychiatric patients.
Which of the following behaviors is typically associated with bulimia?
Self-induced vomiting
_____ are sometimes used to reduce the social anxiety of people with avoidant personality disorder.
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors
One type of personal trauma often associated with sexual desire disorders in women is _____.
Sexual assault
Kayla has been diagnosed with moderate intellectual disability. Which of the following is mostly likely to be true about her?
She may not be able to travel alone or shop or cook for herself.
Which of the following medications results in an increase in blood pressure and heart rate?
Sibutramine
_____ therapy involves initially limiting the amount of time insomniacs can try to sleep in the night.
Sleep restriction
Which of the following is characterized by episodes of decreased breathing associated with high carbon dioxide levels?
Sleep-related hypoventilation
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of borderline personality disorder?
Unstable relationships
Which of the following is NOT a biological intervention that has been used to treat pedophilia?
Surgery on areas of the brain thought to control sexual behavior
Which of the following high school students is most likely to develop an eating disorder?
Susan, who is a gymnast
Lincoln was referred to Dr. Hughes by Student Health Services as they felt he needed more intensive treatment. Lincoln reported having been in love with a woman who broke up with him after a 2-year relationship. He is experiencing extreme anxiety and intense anger. At his most recent session, Lincoln told Dr. Hughes that he can't stand to see the woman on campus and plans to kill her. He has already bought a gun, and has begun following her. Which of the following cases is most relevant to how Dr. Hughes should proceed?
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974)
Which of the following cases established the clinician's duty to protect people who might be in danger because of their client?
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974)
_____ is carried by a recessive gene and occurs primarily in Jewish populations.
Tay-Sachs disease
With the repeated use of substances such as cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines, more of the drug is needed to produce the desired effects. Which of the following helps explain this statement?
The brain reduces its production of dopamine.
Which of the following statements is true of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anorexia nervosa?
The client's overvaluation of thinness is confronted, and rewards are based on the person's gaining weight.
Which subtype of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) includes six or more symptoms of inattention and six or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity?
The combined type
What are the two branches of the human immune system?
The innate immune system and the specific immune system.
Which of the following is true of the early-onset type of Alzheimer's disease?
The progression of Alzheimer's disease in the early-onset type tends to be quicker than in the late-onset type.
Which of the following observations is true of immune systems?
The response of the specific immune system is tailored to the particular type of pathogen present.
What are the two types of anorexia recognized by the DSM-5?
The restricting type and binge/purge type
In _____, the partner applies pressure to the tip of the penis when ejaculation is imminent.
The squeeze technique
According to Hilde Bruch, which of the following is NOT true of parents of girls who develop anorexia nervosa?
They allow their daughters to express negative feelings.
According to studies, which of the following is generally true of pessimistic people?
They see negative events as their fault.
A benzodiazepine is used to reduce alcohol dependence. Why is the dosage of this treatment decreased each day?
To ensure that the person does not become dependent on the benzodiazepine
Which of the following statements is true regarding drug therapies for conduct disorder?
Traditional antipsychotic medications, such as Haldol and Mellaril, have been used to treat children with conduct disorder, with some success.
Gina has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Which of the following would best describe Gina's mood?
Unstable
Which of the following is a popular treatment for male erectile disorder?
Viagra
_____ is a form of sexual arousal by watching another person undress, do things in the nude, or have sex.
Voyuerism
When does obstructive sleep apnea occur?
When airflow is stopped due to a narrow airway or an obstruction in the airway.
When does central sleep apnea occur?
When the brain does not send the signal to breathe to the respiratory system
In the context of gender differences in coping with stress, which of the following comparisons is correct?
Women tend to have larger social networks than men, including friends and extended family members.
Diversion from jail into community-based treatment programs is especially likely to be a goal when the offender is a(n) _____.
Youth
A person who finds it difficult to unravel the underlying meaning of a proverb and is able to interpret it only in its literal sense is experiencing:
a deficit in executive functioning
An assessment of how people sleep can be obtained using a wristwatch-like device called a(n) _____, which records movement.
actigraph
The blockage of vessels that supply blood to the heart can lead to pain, called _____ that radiates across the chest and arm.
angina pectoris
People with _____ starve themselves, subsisting on little or no food for very long periods of time, yet they remain sure that they need to lose more weight.
anorexia nervosa
All of the following are personality traits associated with schizotypal personality disorder in the DSM-5 EXCEPT:
antagonism.
In a study in rural North Carolina, researchers found that in Native American children:
as incomes increased, conduct disorders decreased
Janice's friend invited her to a five-star restaurant. Janice became nervous when she saw the various pieces of silverware placed on the table. She felt that others were scrutinizing her every move, and watching to see if she used the cutlery properly. Overwhelmed with anxiety, Janice left the restaurant without eating dinner. Janice would most likely be diagnosed with:
avoidant personality disorder.
Individuals diagnosed with personality disorder based on the disinhibition dimension of the DSM-5 tend to:
be impulsive, risk-taking, and irresponsible.
Which of the following is a proven method for preventing weight gain and reducing weight?
be more active throughout the day
Tobias's therapist has been working with his parents to develop a system of reinforcement and punishment to control his aggressive behaviors. His therapist is taking a _____ approach.
behavioral
Enrique is significantly overweight and is distressed with his body image. He often will eat at the all-you-can-eat buffet and then feels a lack of control due to it. According to the DSM-5 criteria, he will most likely meet the criteria for _____.
binge-eating disorder
A child diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder is most likely to:
blame others for their own mistakes.
When we fall asleep and when we awaken are strongly influenced by our biological rhythms, particularly:
body temperature rhythms.
Fredrique is of normal weight and is over-concerned with his body image. He often will eat at the all-you-can-eat buffet and then because he feels a lack of control over eating that much, he will use excessive exercising to control his weight. According to the DSM-5 criteria, he will most likely meet the criteria for _____.
bulimia nervosa
Which of the following disorders involves an imbalance in the body's electrolytes?
bulimia nervosa
Children and adults with profound intellectual disability:
can gain a vocabulary of 300-400 words
Marijuana, weed, pot, grass, reefer, and Mary Jane are terms used to refer to:
cannabis
Which of the following substances has relatively low risk for tolerance?
cannabis
Deficiencies in serotonin might lead the body to crave _____.
carbohydrates
Ninety percent of hypertension cases in the United States can be classified as essential hypertension, meaning that the:
causes are unknown.
Armando showed behavioral problems in preschool, and they only seem to have gotten worse as he has gotten older. Now that he is in fourth grade, it has become increasingly problematic. His pediatrician suspects that he has a:
childhood onset conduct disorder before age 10
Clayton often stutters saying things like "I-I-I-I see him". Because the kids at school have started teasing him, the school psychologist has recently diagnosed him as having a _____, so that he can get help.
childhood onset fluency disorder
Which of the following statements is true about fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?
children with FAS have an average IQ of 68
In the Maudsley model of family therapy, parents are:
coached to take control over their child's eating and weight.
Jim is over at a friend's house to pregame before going out. He takes a substance that provides an instant rush of euphoria followed by heightened self-esteem, alertness, energy, and feelings of competence. He has most likely taken:
cocaine.
Jonas's therapist has been working with him on identifying triggers for explosive outbursts and appraising situations in ways that don't provoke aggression. His therapist is taking a _____ approach.
cognitive behavioral
According to Harvey, _____ maintain insomnia.
cognitive factors
From which theoretical perspective are most psychotherapies for conduct disorder derived?
cognitive-behavioral
Children with an intellectual disability are more likely to:
come from low socioeconomic backgrounds.
A loss of sexual desire and functioning is:
common among people with schizophrenia
Which behavioral disorder among adolescents and children is characterized by a chronic pattern of unconcern for the basic rights of others?
conduct disorder
Since 1990, more people have died from _____ than from any other cause.
coronary heart disease
_____ The authors of the "DSM-5" decided to categorize rape as a:
criminal act
Bruch argues that girls from overcontrolling families:
deeply fear separation from their families
Cognitive theorists have argued that some people with narcissistic personality disorder:
develop the belief that they are unique or exceptional as a defense against rejection.
_____ involves deficits in fundamental motor skills, such as walking, running, or holding on to objects.
developmental coordination disorder
The philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is based on the _____ model of alcoholism.
disease
Sleepwalking and sleep terrors belong to a general category called
disorders of arousal
Binge-eating disorder differs from bulimia nervosa in that the person with binge-eating disorder:
does not regularly engage in purging or excessive exercise.
Cocaine prevents the reuptake of _____ into the transmitting neuron, causing it to accumulate in the synapse and maintaining the pleasurable feeling associated with cocaine use.
dopamine
Stimulants used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may work by increasing levels of _____ in the synapses of the brain.
dopamine
Tourette's disorder and persistent motor or vocal tic disorder respond well to the atypical antipsychotic medications alter _____ systems.
dopamine
Families whose members engage in antisocial behaviors may experience a:
downward social drift.
People who inherit _____ alleles of the ApoE gene from both parents have an 8 to 12 times greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
e4
Mariposa tends to repeat words she hears her mother use. She also tends to reverse her pronouns using you instead of I and also has difficulty intonating pitch and tone. These speech patterns represent _____.
echolalia
Dodge and Pettit developed a model of how aggressive children process information differently from others. They argue that aggressive children are more likely to:
expect others to be aggressive and attribute neutral behaviors to aggressive intent.
Joshua has been discharged from a psychiatric hospital. He was admitted and treated for major depression. Joshua has discontinued his medications and uses alcohol to self-medicate. He has become increasingly violent. Who would most likely be the target of his violence?
family members
Teddy gets sexual gratification from stealing his girlfriend's underwear and masturbating into them. Teddy is exhibiting _____.
fetishism
In terms of conduct disorder, _____.
girls tend to show high rates of depression as adolescents and adults
Psychologist Alan Marlatt and colleagues have argued that a more credible approach to college drinking than abstinence programs is to recognize drinking as normative behavior and focus education on the immediate risks of drinking to excess and the payoffs of moderation. This is an example of a:
harm reduction model
Hannibal began snorting cocaine about three years ago. He said the first high was the most astounding, exciting, mind-blowing experience he'd ever had. However, he has never been able to recapture that initial euphoria, and now he needs more and more of cocaine to get anywhere near to his first experience. Hannibal:
has developed a tolerance to cocaine
According to research, people with eating disorders:
have a dichotomous thinking style.
The DSM-5 does NOT recognize _____ as distinct personality disorder.
histrionic personality disorder
The DSM-5's approach to personality disorders is a _____ model.
hybrid
Cognitively, people with borderline personality disorder are _____ negative emotional stimuli in the environment,
hyperattentive to
Authors of the "DSM-5" proposed adding the diagnosis of _____ to characterize people with an insatiable desire for sex that they feel is "out of control", but the proposal was rejected.
hypersexual disorder
The _____ system defends against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells.
immune
Hypersomnulence could be understood as the opposite of:
insomnia.
In addition to subaverage intellectual functioning, a diagnosis of _____ requires that a child show deficits relative to his or her age group in at least two of the following skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social or interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, academic skills, work, leisure, health, and personal safety.
intellectual disability
Recurrent and frequent acts of impulsive acts of aggression that is out of proportion to the situation are characteristics of:
intermittent explosion disorder.
The behavioral component of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating bulimia involves:
introducing forbidden foods back into the client's diet.
People with ____ circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder have sleep that tends to be fragmented into at least three periods per 24 hours?
irregular sleep-wake type
The notion of "diminished capacity" is most closely aligned with the _____ rule.
irresistible impulse
The rule that broadened the insanity defense to include "acts of passion" is the _____.
irresistible impulse rule
An individual who lacks the capacity to understand information, to think rationally about alternative courses of action, to make good choices, and to appreciate one's situation as a criminal defendant:
is likely to be judged incompetent to stand trial.
Ahmed has difficulties with language across the board, both spoken and written. He has issues knowing how to describe something and how to put together stories. The school psychologist has recently diagnosed him as having a:
language disorder.
While the conduct problems of some youth diminish with age, many children with conduct disorder continue to violate social norms in adolescence and adulthood in a pattern called _____.
life-course-persistent antisocial behavior
Logan showed behavioral problems in preschool, and they only seem to have gotten worse as he has gotten older. He is more likely to continue to engage in antisocial behaviors into adulthood then kids who developed the behavioral patterns at a later age, a pattern called:
life-course-persistent antisocial behavior.
Madeline is highly concerned with her weight and usually engages in a binge/purge cycle twice a month. According to the DSM-5 criteria, she will most likely meet the criteria for _____.
low frequency bulimia nervosa
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who begin taking stimulants:
may experience an increase in the frequency of tics.
The stop-start technique is used primarily to help:
men who have premature ejaculations to learn to control their ejaculations.
Compared to individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder, those with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tend to have:
more general concerns with order.
Children with conduct disorder are:
more likely to have parents with antisocial behaviors.
A substance is defined as any:
natural or synthesized product that has psychoactive effects.
Narcissistic personality disorder is associated with a history of _____ in childhood.
neglect
Humberto often loses his temper, argues with his teacher and parents, and his parents report he is vindictive. He is not aggressive toward people or shoplifts but he is hostile in general. Humberto is likely to have a _____.
oppositional defiant disorder
Tyrell appears to be deliberately trying to annoy the other kids in his class. He sometimes refuses to do what his teachers tell him and gives many reasons why he shouldn't have to do his work. His mom reports that he is sometimes sweet and other times rude, but he appears to get angry easily. Tyrell is likely to have a _____.
oppositional defiant disorder
The DSM-5 allows the diagnosis _____ for individuals who have some severe symptoms of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa but do not meet the criteria for either disorder.
other specified feeding or eating disorder
Researchers conducting a longitudinal study in Oregon, which followed a large group of adolescents, coined the label _____ for syndromes on the less severe end of the continuum of eating disorders that don't meet the full criteria for anorexia or bulimia nervosa.
partial syndrome
Doctors can recognize people with bulimia because of the fact that:
patients tend to have an electrolyte imbalance.
Kathleen Vohs and colleagues suggested that disordered eating is especially likely to result when body dissatisfaction is combined with:
perfectionism and low self-esteem.
One of the concerns of the new DSM-5 diagnosis for autism spectrum disorder is that it may be better at meeting DSM-IV TR criteria for _____, than DSM-IV TR criteria for _____.
pervasive developmental disorders; low functioning autistic disorders
People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tend to have slightly greater histories of _____ than people with no personality disorder.
physical neglect.
During the _____ phase of the sexual response cycle, excitement remains at a high but stable level.
plateau
A comprehensive assessment of how people sleep can be obtained by a _____ evaluation.
polysomnographic
Psychoanalytic theorists, particularly those in the object relations school, suggest that people with borderline personality disorder have:
poorly developed views of themselves and others
All of the following are components of the Type A pattern as originally formulated, EXCEPT:
predictability of reactions.
Raine et al. found reductions in the volume of the _____ in both women and men with antisocial personality disorder.
prefrontal cortex
What area of the brain is responsible for executive functions?
prefrontal cortex
Al's wife has been complaining about their sex life. She feels he is experiencing difficulty controlling his orgasms. Like many young men, Al is likely experiencing _____.
premature ejaculation
Clay persistently ejaculates with minimal sexual stimulation. He is probably experiencing _____.
premature ejaculation
The most common form of orgasmic disorder in men is _____.
premature ejaculation
Perry has been diagnosed with profound intellectual disability. His treatment consists of behavioral therapy and drug treatments. His psychiatrist has prescribed risperidone which helps to:
reduce aggression and self-injurious behaviors.
The number of separate personality disorders was _____ between the DSM-IV and the DSM-5.
reduced from 10 to 6
The ApoE gene:
regulates the protein which is involved in the transport of cholesterol through the blood.
Some researchers argue that antisocial behavior in girls isn't rare, it just takes another form such as engaging in:
relational aggression.
Engaging in excessive exercise in addition to limiting calorie intake falls under the _____ type of anorexia nervosa.
restricting
The goals of guided mastery techniques are to increase people's skills as well as their:
self-efficacy beliefs
Reggie is uninteresting, dull, and humorless. He is aloof and reclusive, rarely responds to people saying "Good morning" or "Hello" to him, and often doesn't understand jokes. If Reggie were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it would most likely be
schizotypal personality disorder.
Teresa seems emotionally detached. Most people think that she is a snob. Teresa likes activities where she can be alone. She views relationships with others as unrewarding, messy, and intrusive. She has very few friends outside of her first-degree relatives. Teresa is most likely to be diagnosed with:
schizotypal personality disorder.
People with _____ actively avoid sexual activities. When they do engage in sex, they may feel sickened by it or experience acute anxiety.
sexual interest/arousal disorder
Sarah feels sex is not exciting and has barely had any sexual relations with her husband since her daughter, Amy, was born. Sarah is most likely experiencing _____.
sexual interest/arousal disorder
People diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder:
shun interactions if there is a possibility of being criticized
When people with narcolepsy waken, they may experience brief periods when they can't move or speak, referred to as:
sleep paralysis.
Marisol in third grade and when her teacher says "Hi", she doesn't respond with anything back. When the other kids ask her questions like "What did you do this weekend?" she also fails to respond appropriately. The school psychologist has recently diagnosed her as having a:
social communication disorder.
Delaney is in second grade but still makes errors in articulation and enunciation, saying things like "look at that wabbit". Or saying "bu" instead of "blue". The school psychologist has recently diagnosed her as having a:
speech sound disorder.
Shoko engages in repetitive hair swirling and hand shaking. These are not tics as she continues to engage in the behaviors for long periods of time. Although she has been diagnosed with autism spectrum, her doctor is adding a diagnosis of _____ to allow her treatment.
stereotypic movement disorder
_____ is a set of behavioral and psychological changes that occur as a result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system.
substance intoxication
Dominic has been seeing Dr. Provine for help with his eating disorder. In a highly nondirective manner, Dr. Provine helps Dominic talk about problems related to his eating disorder, including those related to his interpersonal relationships. This is an example of _____.
supportive-expressive therapy
Drug treatments for people with borderline personality disorders have focused on reducing:
symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Estella's therapist has her repeat phrases to help her avoid reacting negatively to situations. Her therapist's use of self-talk is trying to:
teach her to control impulsive behaviors.
Dahlia's therapist has her keep a diary of her feelings and behaviors. They then discuss hypothetical situations and how she would react. Her therapist is trying to:
teach her to recognize situations that trigger anger or aggressive impulses.
The first step in cognitive-behavioral therapy is to:
teach the child to recognize situations that trigger anger or aggressive impulses
A longitudinal study in Oregon, which focused on adolescents with less severe eating disorders the researchers called partial-syndrome eating disorders, found that these adolescents:
tend to judge themselves on the basis of their weight.
Which of the following is the driving force behind most people's attempt to lose weight?
the desire to reduce body dissatisfaction
According to one theory, chronic low arousal is an uncomfortable state and leads to stimulation seeking. The direction stimulation seeking takes—toward antisocial activities or toward more neutral activities—may depend on:
the individual's intelligence and the reinforcements he or she receives.
Which type of anorexia involves eating very small amounts of food each day, in part simply to stay alive and in part because of pressure from others to eat?
the restricting type
Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder may involve:
tightening of muscle
Zain has had a delinquency issue since he was a young child; he lives with Noelle who has no conduct problems. It is likely that he:
will cease his delinquent acts permanently
A therapist who treats a patient with anorexia should:
win and maintain the client's trust and encourage participation.