Final Study Set
False
"No Knock Warrants" are never allowed.
False
A "seizure" pertains only to property.
False
A Harmless error rule identifies errors made at a trial that would support an appellate action.
True
A Judge can be the trier of fact and trier of law.
False
A Jury determines competency, relevancy and materiality of evidence.
True
A Jury determines if evidence is to be believed.
False
A Miranda warning is exact therefore, the exact words cannot be modified.
True
A Miranda warning is not required during a voluntary interview.
True
A canine can be used for searches for a reasonable but brief period of detention.
False
A detailed record of crime scene evidence can be completed after items are collected and packaged for storage.
False
A dying declaration is not deemed trustworthy due to imminent death.
True
A forensics document examiner can determine whether a check is forged.
False
A gag order is often used to keep publicity informed.
False
A good faith exception is not permitted if the police believed the search was legal.
False
A stipulation is an agreement between the prosecution and defense and must always be in writing.
False
A strip search is not permissible during a booking procedure.
False
A suspect can refuse to provide samples of bodily fluids based on 5th Amendment.
True
A suspect is entitled to Miranda warnings one in custody.
False
A suspect must be mirandized prior to an actual arrest.
True
A warrant allows an arrest in any situation.
False
"Ancient documents" under the Federal Rule of Evidence, requires the document to be at least 50 years old.
True
Appellate courts decide how a law should be applied through legal precedence.
True
Any Miranda warning must be knowing, intelligent and voluntary.
True
Certified copies of original public records can be admitted as evidence in the absence of the original.
False
Circumstantial evidence is evidence that directly proves a fact.
False
Computer generated diagrams do not need to be made to scale from evidence that is admitted in a case.
False
Consent to search must be voluntary and police need to inform them they can decline.
True
Conversations that are protected need an expectation of privacy.
True
Corroboration can be used to bolster the testimony of a witness.
False
Criminal courts must establish a preponderance of evidence for guilty verdicts.
True
Cumulative evidence repeats other evidence or facts.
False
Executive privilege is an unlimited privilege.
False
Experts are used to show probability of guilt or innocence.
True
Few juries are actually sequestered.
False
Fingerprints can be required during a detention.
True
For indigent defendants there are little independent investigation efforts.
True
Force used by officers must be reasonable to affect arrest or detention.
True
Forensic anthropologists assist in identifying skeletal remains and decomposing bodies.
False
Generally, a suspect has a right to have counsel present during a line-up.
False
Grand Juries hear evidence presented by the prosecution and defense before making a decision.
True
Over 95% of all trials now end in plea bargains.
True
Parolees and those on probation may be required to consent as a precondition of release.
True
Police can place a wiretap covertly and enter a residence in certain circumstances.
False
Police cannot enter property that is not enclosed.
False
Police cannot trespass on private property.
False
Police informant identities can always be deemed confidential.
False
Polygraphs are commonly accepted by the courts as evidence.
False
Property that is abandoned still has an expectation of privacy and may not be searched and seized without a warrant.
False
Psychiatrist can verify as to the type and degree or mental illness, including an insanity determination.
True
Public phone are covered by an expectation of privacy and wiretap warrants are needed.
False
Rape Shield Laws have resulted in states expanding what questions can be asked of a rape victim.
True
Rehabilitation of a witness is an attempt to restore their credibility after being impeached.
True
Relevant evidence is any evidence that makes any fact important to the case, more or less likely.
False
Roadblocks can be allowed to simply check for outstanding warrants from drivers.
True
Scientific evidence is admissible when it is generally accepted in the scientific community.
True
Searches prior to an arrest is limited to the area under the suspect's control.
True
Silence before or after a crime cannot be admitted as evidence of guilt.
False
State Supreme Courts interpret the federal and/or their own state's constitutions.
True
Statements are hearsay if they were not made in court under oath at the hearing or trial that is currently being conducted.
True
Statements made in circumstances that indicate there is an expectation of confidentially, may be privileged.
False
Students have more privacy than the general public.
False
Suspects have a right to refuse to participate in lineup when in lawful custody.
False
Testimonial evidence need not be given under oath.
False
Testing errors of evidence cannot prevent the admission of evidence being admitted if human error is present.
False
The "chain of custody" for evidence does not pertain to law enforcement agency personnel.
True
The 11th Amendment establishes immunity for state officers in their official capacity.
False
The 1st Amendment creates a special media privilege.
True
The 4th Amendment bars warrantless searches and seizures.
False
The Battered Women's Syndrome can be raised to exonerate criminal responsibility.
False
The Beyond a Reasonable Doubt Standard means proof beyond any doubt.
True
The Burden of Proof refers to the amount and quality of evidence necessary to establish each element of a crime.
False
The Plain View Doctrine does not apply to aerial searches.
True
The Prosecution cannot appeal a not guilty verdict.
True
The Prosecution must meet the burden of proof in criminal trials.
True
The US Supreme Court rules on the constitutionality of laws.
False
The attorney-client privilege is maintained even if communication is made in the furtherance of a future crime.
False
The clergy-penitent privilege applies to all states for child abuse cases.
False
There are no business records exemptions to the hearsay rule.
False
There is a strong preference for warrantless over warrant issued arrests.
True
There is no need for a warrant if one party consents to an electronic tap or if they are the police.
True
Traditionally, show-ups were limited to emergency situations.
True
A show-up involves a single suspect being shown to the witness.
True
A speed limit sign is a self authenticated sign.
True
Once involked, the right to remain silent should itself be protected.
True
A spontaneous statement after and about an event can be considered an exception to hearsay.
False
The defense presents their case before the prosecution outlines their case strategy.
True
The defense seeks to show misidentification in a trial and often focuses on problems like eyesight or poor memory.
False
The general rule is that past crimes are admissible pertaining to the defendant.
False
The husband-wife privilege also extends to cases of bigamy or fraud in marriage.
False
The husband-wife privilege applies to all private communications but not those before marriage.
False
The judge is the only entity that sets a criminal penalty.
False
The media has no right to cover trials.
True
The only contact with jurors should be at trial while testifying.
True
The opinion of a lay witness can never be admissible.
False
The physician-patient privilege covers what is necessary for treatment, including casual conversation or overheard comments.
True
The prosecution must establish a strong chain of custody with evidence.
True
The prosecution often attempts to focus on the accuracy of its witnesses.
True
The prosecution often has a close relationship with the police.
True
The prosecution seeks to show past act(s) are similar to the current crime thus showing it wasn't an accident.
False
The side defending against a scientific test of evidence has the burden of convincing the judge that it has scientific validity.
False
The standard for an arrest is "reasonable suspicion".
True
Wiretap records must be kept for 10 years.
False
Wiretaps do not require probable cause.
False
Witnesses are rarely requested to make identifications at trial.
true
Witnesses can be "impeached" during a trial.
False
Witnesses cannot be impeached because of their reputation.
False
Witnesses cannot use materials to refresh their memory.
True
Individuals must have similar characteristics for lineups.
False
Inevitable discovery is not an exception to the exclusionary rule.
True
Inference is a logical conclusion based on a fact or facts.
False
Issues that were not raised in a trial court can be used for an appeal.
False
It is a misdemeanor to conduct an illegal wiretap.
False
It is a violation of the 5th Amendment of a suspect to verbalize certain words during a line-up.
True
A judicial notice is a procedure whereby the judge instructs the jury to conclude a fact exist.
True
A line-up involves multiple shown to a witness as a group.
False
A person cannot be convicted based on hearsay evidence.
False
A person's reputation is never an exception of the Hearsay Rule under the Federal Rues of Evidence.
True
A presumption is a legal inference or assumption.
True
A presumption of innocence requires the prosecution to prove all elements of the crime.
False
A prima facie case exist when there is not enough evidence to allow a judge to rule in a party's favor.
True
A prosecutor or defense attorney cannot introduce pictures into evidence without laying a foundation for them.
True
A search area may be expanded for the personal safety of police.
True
A search warrant generally limits a search by police.
False
A second interrogation will need a new Miranda warning, even if given in the first interrogation.
False
After a jury votes to convict, a judge has the authority to enter an acquittal despite the jury's decision.
False
All criminal trial jury decisions must be unanimous.
True
All items that are admitted into a trail must be authenticated.
False
An "indictment" is initiated by the District Attorney.
True
An admission of a party and used at trial against them is not hearsay.
True
Ballistic experts may offer testimony related to bullets or firearms.
False
Behavior can be observed before, during but not after a crime in support of circumstantial evidence.
False
Blood stained evidence needs to be packaged before it dries.
True
Blood typing is a quick and inexpensive way to eliminate a person as a suspect.
True
It is not uncommon for witnesses to forget details.
False
Juries are informed of plea bargain negotiations.
False
Jurors cannot be asked individually about their vote.
True
DNA sampling is the most requested scientific test requested.
True
Deadly force can be used only if the police or public are in danger of death or serious injury.
False
Direct evidence is evidence that does not establish something as true.
False
Double jeopardy applies if a no verdict is reached at trial (hung jury).
True
Each piece of physical evidence needs a witness to guide it to admission in court.
True
Emergency wiretaps can be placed immediately.
False
Evidence are speculations that tends to prove or disprove the existence of an alleged crime.
True
Evidence derived from an illegal search is inadmissible.
False
Evidence that distracts from the main issues at trail cannot be excluded.
False
Hearsay is never admissible in court.
True
Hearsay is not admissible in court because a person can lie.
True
Hearsay may be accepted if a declarant is unavailable due to death.
False
ICE (Immigration and Custom Enforcement) need a warrant to check for illegal aliens at a workplace.
True
If police see evidence of a crime they can seize it.
True
If possible, each witness should be deposed by either a written or oral statement regarding what they will say in court.
False
If there is a declared "hung jury", no retrial is permitted.
True
In order for evidence to be entered into a trail, the item(s) must be shown to the opposing counsel before testimony about it is introduced.
False
Law enforcement can seize evidence because police suspect crime.
True
Miranda rights can be waived by intoxicated individuals.
True
Modus operandi is defined as a different pattern of behavior or plan.
False
Most courts do not allow witnesses to use models, maps and diagrams to illustrate their testimony.
True
Most states have expanded the exceptions to the Hearsay Rule so that more hearsay can be used in court.
True
Most wiretap warrants are for drug cases.
False
Most wiretaps were from business phones.
True
Motive is a reason for committing an act.
True
No state has a statute of limitation on murder.
True
Often witnesses and victims feel forgotten in criminal trials.
True
Once in physical confinement, virtually any search is permissible.
False
Notarized documents are not "self authenticated" documents.
False
The credibility of witness testimony can be grounds for an appeal.
False
Under the 1st Amendment, no person can be required to make a statement against themself in a criminal proceeding.
True
Under the Exclusionary Rule, evidence illegally obtained is inadmissible in court.
True
Victims of crime may suffer from severe psychological impacts.
False
Warrants are always required to enter homes.
