final the

• When treating heat stroke you should ____ FIRST and _____ SECOND

cool, transport

Coup vs Contrecoup

coup: injury occurs under site of impact • contrecoup: injury occurs on opposite side of impact (think whiplash)

(longest and strongest bone in body)

femur

when applying ice to a qaud contusion you should ice it with knee in full ______

flexion

what muscles combine together to make the achillies tendon

gastrocnemius and soles:

degrees of sprains/strains

grade 1: few fibers torn (mild) grade 2: half way torn (moderate) grade 3: full tear (sevear)

DO NOT use ______ therapy in the initial phase of acute injury (first 48-72hrs)

heat

direct blow to iliac crest causing significant bruising

hip pointer:

visceral pain

pain that originates from organs or smooth muscles

use of ultrasound to absorb anti-inflammatory drugs

phonophoresis

• PCL sprain: fall on flexed knee (dashboard injury) • special test: ________ •

posterior drawer, posterior sag

during a hip disloaction, what postion does the patient usally present:

presents with hip flexed, adducted, and thigh internally rotated

Resisted range of motion (RROM):

resistance provided by clinician while patient goes through active range of motion

Cardinal signs of inflammation:

rubor (redness) • calor (local heat) • tumor (swelling) • dolor () • function lease (loss of function)

a ______ connects muscle to bone

tendon

A strain is an injury to a

tendon/muscle

(T/F) if a patient is under 18 informed consent must come from parent/guardian

true

a fracture to the femur is a considered a medical emergency and EMS shoukd be called? (T/F)

true

• 75-80% of population has low back pain at some point (t/f)

true

• Brachial plexus innervates arm, forearm, and hand (t/f)

true

weakest cranial bone and strongest crania bones

• 2 temporal bones (R/L) weakest • occipital bone=strongest

degenerative brain disease found in individuals with a history of repetitive brain trauma • can only be diagnosed after death

• Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE):

sprain of the UCL of the 1st MCP

• Gamekeepers thumb:

ineffective circulatory adjustments compounded by depletion of fluids

• Heat exhaustion:

failure of body's thermoregulatory system (can lead to death)

• Heat stroke:

fainting for lightheadedness

• Heat syncope:

Therapeutic Rehabilitation controlling inflammation is phase___

• Phase 1:

Therapeutic Rehabilitation restoration of motion is phase ___

• Phase 2:

Therapeutic Rehabilitation Developing muscular strength, endurance, and power is phase___

• Phase 3:

Therapeutic Rehabilitation Return to sport activity is phase ____

• Phase 4:

• Rotator cuff muscles • S- • I- • T- • S-

• S- supraspinatus • I- infraspinatus • T- teres minor • S- subscapularis

: second head injury before the s/s associated with a previous one have resolved • common in children and adolescents as brain is still developing • activate EMS

• Second impact syndrome

traction type injury of the calcaneal apophysis where the Achillies tendon attaches to the calcaneus- most common between ages 7-10

• Sever disease:

stress fracture of the pars interarticularis

• Sphndylolysis:

bilateral fracture of the pars interarticularis

• Spondylolisthesis:

: evaporation of sweat results in heat loss NOT sweat production alone

• Sweat production

resists anterior translation of tibia on femur

• anterior cruciate ligament (ACL):

what is the purpose of injury documentation? (3)

• enhance communication • facilitate continuity of care • provide evidence of services for billing and legal protection

hyper Vs Hypo thermia

• hyperthermia: elevated body temperature • hypothermia: reduced body temperature

Phases of soft tissue healing and how long each last

• inflammatory phase: 0-6 days • proliferative phase: 3-42 days • maturation phase: 3wks-1yr

the process of acclimating to the heat is complete after ___ days of moderate excercise in hot weather

10-14

Lightning . move inside with a strike within _____. Must wait ______ from last strike before returning safe space is a building with ________

10miles, 30min building with 4 walls, roof, and grounded by electrical or pluming

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

12

cervical spine: ___vertebrae • thoracic spine: ___ vertebrae lumbar spine:___ vertebrae

7, 12, 5

the emergency action plan should be practiced _____

Annually

• line of gravity passes _______to the spine

Anterior

occurs at 4th and/or 5th metacarpal, MOI: punching

Boxer's fracture:

Mouth guards protect the dental and oral soft tissue injuries but ______ help reduce risk of concussions

CANNOT

• Helmets: FB and hockey helmets______reduce risk of neck injuries. They can help reduce risk of traumatic head injuries but not ________. •

CANNOT, concussions

•involuntary muscle spasms caused by excessive water and electrolyte loss

Exercise associated muscle cramps:

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

Diagnosis - what we think it is differtantial diagosis- other possiblities

range of motion is measured with _____

Goniometer:

the _____ muscle group is the most frequently strained muscle group in the thigh

Hamstring

injured party has been reasonable informed of the needed treatment, possible alternative treatments, and advantages and disadvantages of each course of action • must be obtained ______ to treatment

Informed consent prior

• ACL sprain: cutting or twisting, landing, sudden deceleration • special test: ___________

Lachmans (gold standard), anterior drawer

meniscus tear: compression, tension, shearing force • special test: __________

McMurrys

isometric contraction

Muscle contracts but there is no movement, muscle stays the same length

inflammation or irritation of the tibia at its point of attachment with the patellar tendon patella tendon attaches distally

Osgood-Schlatter disease

somatic pain

Pain that originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments, or joints.

•• 1. no activity until asymptomatic • 2. light aerobic exercise • 3. sport specific exercise • 4. non contact training • 5. full contact practice • 6. full RTP

Return to Play progression

the _____ determines clearance for participation following an pre participation exam

SUPERVISING PHYSICIAN

The inflammation or a partial avulsion of the apex of the patella because of traction forces.

Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease

sign vs symptom

a sign is measurebale things we can see, symptoms is something we cant see.

• inversion ankle sprain: injury to lateral ligaments (ATF, CF, PTF) • special tests: inversion talar tilt, anterior drawer • eversion ankle sprains: injury to medial ligaments (deltoid) • special tests: eversion talar tilt • high ankle sprains: injury to syndesmosis joint at anterior tibiofibular ligament • special tests: EROT test

ankle sprains

C1

atlas: supports head

C2

axis: allows head to rotate

• Altitude sickness:

caused by rapid ascent to altitudes >8,200ft

• Employment Settings:

clinical setting • secondary school • colleges/universities • professional sports • industrial/occupational settings • physician practice • military • administration • sales • entertainment • law enforcement (FBI, Sheriff, Fire department)

• 1MHz: _______ tissues (hamstring/quadriceps) • 3MHz: ______ tissues (forarm/ankle/knee)

deep Superficial

closed kinetic chain exercise

distal segment of the extremity cannot move independently (ex. squat, push-up)

open kinetic chain exercise

distal segment of the extremity is free to move without causing motion at another joint (ex. bicep curl, knee extension)

Passive range of motion (PROM):

injured body part moved through ROM with no assistance from injured individual

tibia and fibula are held together along its length by the ________ membrane

interosseous membrane

use of electrical stimulation to introduce anti-inflammatory drugs

iontophoresis

Active range of motion (AROM):

joint motion performed by individual through muscular contraction

• Patella dislocation: usually dislocated _______ • special test: _________

laterally, apprehension test

A sprain is an injury to a

ligament

a _____connects bone to bone to stabilize joints

ligament

resists valgus (inward) force

medial collateral ligament (MCL):

eccentric contraction

muscle lengthens

concentric contraction

muscle shortens

Domains of Athletic Training

• injury/ illness prevention and wellness protection • clinical evaluation and diagnosis • immediate and emergency care • treatment and rehabilitation • organization and professional health and well-being

rupture of flexor digitorum profundus of distal phalanx • unable to flex DIP

• jersey finger:

excessive curve of thoracic spine

• kyphosis:

resists varus (outward) force

• lateral collateral ligament (LCL):

abnormal exaggeration of lumbar curve

• lordosis:

rupture of extensor tendon from distal phalanx • unable to extend DIP

• mallet finger:

Primary stabilizer of knee

• posterior cruciate ligament (PCL):

only quad muscle to cross both hip and knee joint; responsible for hip flexion and knee extension

• rectus femoris:

• 8 carpal bones

• scaphoid • lunate • triquetrum • pisiform • trapezium • trapezoid • capitate • hamate

lateral bending of the spine (C or S shaped)

• scoliosis:

: lateral rotation of the tibial on the femur in the final degrees of extension • helps "lock" the knee joint in full extension

• screw-home mechanism:

SOAP:

• subjective, objective, assessment, plan • subjective: history of injury; how, when, where it happened, location of pain, what makes it better/worse, type of pain, pain 1-10, previous hx. of injury to area • objective: observation, palpation, special tests • assessment: diagnosis and differential diagnosis • plan: course of action taken (ex. ice given, f/u in 2 days)