Final
Lingual lipase is secreted here although very little fat is actually digested here?
1 Mouth
Where is gastric lipase secreted although very little fat is actually digested here?
2 Stomach
The alcohol content of an 90-proof vodka is ________.
45
How many calories (kcal) are in one gram of alcohol?
7
A developing human in the uterus is technically not classified as a fetus until week # ___.
9
Which is the better source for high quality protein?
A food with a chemical score of 0.85
When the body has adequate amounts of a mineral what happens to absorption of that mineral?
Absorption will decrease
What is the name for a metabolic process that requires oxygen?
Aerobic
Which of the following has the highest percentage of fat?
Butter
A process that breaks down larger, more complex molecules into small, simple molecules is ___________.
Catabolism
The nutrient standards used on Nutrition Facts panels are called ________.
Daily Values
How is galactose characterized?
Monosaccharide
What is this image called?
My Plate
A fat that contains double bonds is called _________.
Unsaturated
Saliva contains ________.
an amylase to break down carbs
Put the metabolic intermediates of alcohol metabolism in order starting from alcohol.
1. Alcohol 2. Acetaldehyde 3. Acetyl- CoA 4. Carbon Dioxide and Water
One slice of bread contains 18 g carbohydrates, 4 g protein, and 1.5 g fat. Approximately how many kcal are in one slice?
100
During a normal pregnancy where the mother has a BMI between 18.5 - 25 the expected weight gain is about 14 pounds during the course of the pregnancy. If a mother has a BMI = 16 how much weight should she gain?
16 pounds
Which of the following accurately describes a vitamin?
Although all vitamins are required in small doses, some disease treatments can be helped with megadoses of vitamins
Most nutritionists recommend that you eat less saturated fat. Based on that criteria which would be a healthier food choice?
Boiled collard greens seasoned with pepper
Other than teeth, where is most of the fluorine in the body located?
Bones
Where is the majority of magnesium located in the body?
Bones
What is the best source of Vitamin D?
Fatty fish like salmon or sardines
The zygote contains three different germ cell layers that each will develop into different parts of the body. Which cell layer will the muscles develop from?
Mesoderm
In which of the following situations would weight loss occur?
More exercise and less caloric intake
Which of the following is a more accurate description of potassium (K)?
Most K in the American diet is from naturally occuring sodium in foods
The digestive organ that detects taste molecules is __________.
Mouth
The digestive organ that moistens food with saliva to prepare for swallowing is __________.
Mouth
If someone suffers fromariboflavinosis--a condition that affects primarily mouth, skin, and red blood cells--and glossitis--a painful, inflamed tongue--they may not be getting enough of this B-vitamin.
Riboflavin
A fat that contains no double bond is called _________.
Saturated
Which of the following correctly characterizes lipids?
They do not dissolve in water.
This vitamin is used as a coenzyme know as TPP in many reactions involving amino acids.
Thiamine
When you eat fat, what form is the fat in?
Triglycerides
What does D--the stretch of AUGAGAAGCCAU--refer to in the image below?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
A standard serving of an alcoholic drink is defined as ________. Select all that apply.
12 oz beer (5% alcohol) 5 oz wine (12% alcohol) 1.5 oz hard liquor (40% alcohol)
Which of the following has the highest percentage of protein?
Hamburger
Digestion occurs via the passage of food through a series of tubes from the mouth to the anus. Given the digestive organs below place them in order starting from the organ closest to the mouth and ending with the organ closest to the anus.
1. Stomach 2. Small Intestine 3. Large Intestine 4. Rectum
Ike eats out and consumes 1,400 calories. If the meal contained 95 g of carbs, 20 g of fat, and 35 g of protein, how many grams of alcohol did he consume with his meal?
100 g
Mike has been told to reduce his fat intake to less than 25% of his total calories. He has been told he can eat 61 grams of fat per day. Approximately how many calories does Mike need to limit his intake to each day?
2,200
If a person is advised to eat 70 grams of protein per day, how many calories do they get from protein?
280
Ike eats out and consumes 1,400 calories. If the meal contained 95 g of carbs, 20 g of fat, and 100 g of alcohol, how many grams of protein did he consume with his meal?
35 g
Almost all the enzymes that help digest fat are produced here.
4 Pancreas
If you eat 200 maltose molecules, how many molecules of glucose have you eaten?
400
The alcoholic proof of a liqueur that is 22% alcohol is ________.
44
Ike eats out and consumes 1,200 calories. If the meal contained 95 g of alcohol, 15 g of fat, and 25 g of protein, how many grams of carbs did he consume with his meal?
75 g
How many calories (kcal) are in one gram of fat?
9
What percent of the body is composed of water?
>50%
Calories of nutrients
A gram of carbohydrate contains 4 calories. A gram of protein also contains 4 calories. A gram of fat, though, contains 9 calories — more than twice the amount of the other two.
Which of the following contains cholesterol?
Animals
A compound that stops the damaging effects of free radicals on cells is ______________.
Antioxidant
Vitamin C is able to donate electrons. This makes Vitamin C a(n) ____________ .
Antioxidant
Most nutritionists recommend that you eat less saturated fat. Based on that criteria which would be a healthier food choice?
Baked tilapia (fish
Which of the following is true of fat soluble vitamins?
Bile helps with absorption
Only one of the following minerals is considered a major mineral, meaning that we require more than 100 mg of that mineral per day. Which one is a major mineral?
Calcium
Which mineral plays a significant role in developing and maintaining bones, blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and cellular metabolism?
Calcium
Which lipoprotein particles is produced by the small intestine?
Chylomicron
How is amylose characterized?
Disaccharide
Which food below has a higher percentage of saturated fat?
Donut
Which fat soluble vitamin is an antioxidant, is found in oils (like safflower), and deficiencies are rarely seen in humans?
E
This vitamin is used as a co-factor called THFA in many reactions involving the transfer of one carbon to another compound.
Folate
Select the water soluble vitamins from the list below.
Folate Vitamin C Riboflavin
Although the organ is not shown below, this is the organ that stores bile.
Gallbladder
Select the components of a phospholipid.
Glycerol backbone 2 fatty acids Phosphate
What type of food is most likely to contain the greatest variety of minerals including sodium and chloride, iron, and phosophorus?
Grains
What type of food is most likely to contain water soluble vitamins like thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid?
Grains
The leading cause of peptic ulcer disease is ________.
Helicobacter pylori infection
When you put a red blood cell in a solution that causes the cell to swell, that solution is said to be _________.
Hypotonic
Which statement is closer to the truth.
If you eat a balanced diet you should have adequate intakes of most vitamins and minerals.
Which statement is closer to the truth.
If you take Megadoes of Vitamin C you'll recover in two weeks as opposed to 14 days
What hormone does the pancreas release in response to high glucose levels?
Insulin
If you suffer goiter, what mineral are you deficient in?
Iodine
Most salt is fortified with this trace mineral.
Iodine
The mineral that is part of thyroid hormones is _____.
Iodine
Which trace mineral gets transported to the thyroid gland?
Iodine
Which fat soluble vitamin can be made by bacteria in our intestines?
K
The digestive organ that houses most of the gut microbiota (bacteria) is __________.
Large Intestine
What belongs in the box directly above fatty acids, glycerol? In other words, what macromolecule breaks down into fatty acids and glycerol?
Lipids
Which two organ helps convert Vitamin D from dietary sources and from synthesis by the skin into the active form of Vitamin D, calcitriol?
Liver and Kidney
Which food below has a higher percentage of saturated fat?
Macaroni and cheese
Fiber is a form of carbohydrates that is not absorbed. Despite the lack of absorption fiber has several important roles. Which of the following is NOT a function of fiber?
Maintaining respiratory health
The zygote contains three different germ cell layers that each will develop into different parts of the body. Which cell layer will the heart develop from?
Mesoderm
If someone suffers from pellagra--a condition similar to dermatitis--they may not be getting enough of this B-vitamin.
Niacin
How much potassium does the typical American ingest?
Not enough
Most nutritionists recommend that you eat less saturated fat. Based on that criteria which would be a healthier food choice?
Oat bran muffin
Which of the following is a bone cell?
Osteoblast
Which part of the human body contains higher levels of sodium?
Outside the cell (blood and interstitial fluid)
Which of the following is considered an accessory digestive organ rather than a digestive organ that food passes through?
Pancreas
What does the P stand for in ATP?
Phosphorous
Evidence supports a diet emphasizing _____________ foods to decrease cancer risk.
Plant-based
On a world wide basis where does most protein in the human diet come from?
Plants
How is starch characterized?
Polysaccharide
Which of the following is considered an anabolic process? Select all that apply.
Protein synthesis Energy is being used
An absence of Vitamin C could lead to gum disease. Sailors in olden time would take limes with them on voyages (hence, 'limeys'). The name for the disease that results from an absence of Vitamin C is called _____. (Pirates would call each other names based on this disease, as in you ________ mate.)
Scurvy
Which mineral below is considered an antioxidant?
Selenium
Vitamin A helps primarily with ___________ .
Sight
The digestive organ that absorbs almost all nutrients used in nutrition is the ______________ .
Small Intestine
The digestive organ that secretes acid to help digest proteins is __________.
Small Intestine
The organ that absorbs di- and tri-peptides is ______________ .
Small Intestine
The organ where most protein digestion occurs is ______________ .
Small Intestine
If a pregnant woman does not eat enough protein during her pregnancy, which of the following is a possible outcome for the developing fetus?
Smaller than normal head
The digestive organ that kills microorganisms with acid is __________.
Stomach
The organ where protein is partially digested by hydrochloric acid and pepsin is ______________ .
Stomach
What is the name for the artificial sweetener sold as Splenda in the yellow packet?
Sucralose
Simple table sugar, a disaccharide consisting of glucose bonded to fructose, is __________.
Sucrose
Which statement is closer to the truth.
Tanning beds increase Vitamin D production but can also cause UV damage to cells.
Which of the following situations is most likely to cause physiological changes in a developing fetus?
Too much caffeine
The organ where fetal development occurs in a pregnant woman is the __________.
Uterus
Which lipoprotein particles is produced by the liver?
VLDL
Which of the following minerals is considered an ultratrace mineral because you need it in such small amounts?
Vanadium
Which of the following foods has contains no water?
Vegetable oil
What type of food is most likely to contain both water soluble vitamins like folic acid and Vitamin C as well as some fat soluble vitamins like Vitamin A and Vitamin K?
Vegetables
Which of the following is a micronutrient?
Vitamin
Select all the fat soluble vitamins from the list below.
Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E
When the intake of a specific vitamin is insufficient to meet bodily needs what develops?
Vitamin deficiency
Some nutritional compounds are vital to normal body function but do not get used for energy. Select the compounds below that do not yield energy in the human body. Select all that apply.
Vitamins Water
Which of the following accurately describes a vitamin?
Vitamins are absorbed by the small intestine
The production of saliva, body temperature regulation, and the maintenance of blood volume are all most influenced by ___________.
Water
Which type of vitamin is usually first to show a deficiency because it is not stored in the body to any great extent?
Water soluble vitamins
Which condition is NOT usually associated with type 2 diabetes?
autoimmune destruction of beta cells of the pancreas
Sugars, starches, and dietary fibers are examples of ________.
carbohydrates
The three elements in simple sugar are ________.
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
A fat that has double double bonds where the H-atoms are on the same side of the double bond is called _________.
cis
Foods containing all essential amino acids in the proportion needed by the body are designated as ________.
complete proteins
Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are classified as _________ fatty acids.
essential
Nutrients causing some signs of poor health when consumed in less than adequate amounts are called ________.
essential nutrients
Amino acids are required for the synthesis of ________.
glucose
Which is NOT a complex carbohydrate?
glucose
Gastrin, secretin, CCK, and gastric inhibitory peptide are examples of ________.
hormones
When energy intake is greater than energy output, body weight generally ________.
increases
A triglyceride is an example of a ________.
lipid
The main organ responsible for ethanol metabolism is the ________.
liver
Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) from the pancreas ________.
neutralize the acid contents in the small intestine
The presence of ___________ chemically distinguishes protein from carbohydrate and fat.
nitrogen
The science of food; the nutrients and substances therein; and their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease is a definition of ________.
nutrition
The main structural material of the body is ________.
protein
Which bodily function is NOT associated with protein?
sparing glucose for energy use as the primary source of energy
The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is ________.
starch
Alcohol absorption occurs in the ________.
stomach and small intestine
In what form is most body fat stored?
triglycerides