Final

12,000 inches

A map has a scale of 1:12,000. One inch on this map would equal ________ on the Earth's surface.

The tilt of the Earth's axis affects the amount and angle of incoming solar radiation striking various locations as the Earth revolves.

What is primarily responsible for changing seasons on Earth?

70%

What percentage of Saudi Arabia's water is produced by desalination plants? Select one: a. 10% b. 20% c. 40% d. 70%

unusually heavy rains fall on coastal Peru.

When an El Nino occurs,

The North Pole

Where on Earth does the Sun not appear above the horizon or "rise" for weeks during the winter?

Midlatitude, moist all year (C1 climate type)

Which climate region applies to Hagerstown, Maryland?

Panama

Which country is most likely to be described as an "isthmus?" Select one: a. Cuba b. Panama c. Colombia d. Chile

Brazil

Which of the following countries has both a Caribbean and a Pacific coast? Select one: a. Chile b. Brazil c. Argentina d. Nicaragua

Turkey

Which of the following countries has territory in both Europe and Asia? Select one: a. Egypt b. Turkey c. Afghanistan d. Israel

Mexico

Which of the following countries is a member of NAFTA? Select one: a. Chile b. Brazil c. Argentina d. Mexico

Czech Republic

Which of the following countries is a member of the EU? Select one: a. Iceland b. Czech Republic c. Switzerland d. Norway

Greece

Which of the following countries is at roughly the same latitude as we are in Maryland? Select one: a. United Kingdom b. Switzerland c. Romania d. Greece

Angola

Which of the following countries supplies water to the Congo Basin? Select one: a. Nigeria b. Ethiopia c. Angola d. Botswana

Privatization of water resources is a positive solution that seems to be working well in Bolivia.

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the water situation in Middle and South America? Select one: a. As much as 50% of fresh water piped through cities is lost due to leaky pipes. b. The region receives more rainfall than any other region. c. 80% of the population does not have proper sanitation, leading to pollution of local water from human waste. d. Privatization of water resources is a positive solution that seems to be working well in Bolivia.

The ITCZ brings rain to the grasslands of the Sahel

During the height of summer in the Northern Hemisphere: Select one: a. The ITCZ brings rain to the grasslands of Botswana. b. The ITCZ brings rain to the grasslands of the Sahel. c. The ITCZ brings rain to the tropical rainforest of the Congo River basin. d. The ITCZ stops operating and the region enters a dry season.

Building hundreds of desalination plants

Efforts to increase irrigation of agricultural lands in Sub-Saharan Africa include all of the following, except: Select one: a. Building dams on the Niger River b. Hand or foot powered pumps c. Hand held water brigades d. Building hundreds of desalination plants

Remained primarily commodity producers.

Following independence in the 1950s and 1960s, most African countries: Select one: a. Immediately instituted economic reforms to diversify their economies. b. Invested heavily in the development of industry to turn raw materials into higher-profit manufactured goods. c. Remained primarily commodity producers. d. Took out loans to modernize their economies and infrastructure.

Tripled

From 1945 to 2011, the world's population

The Rust Belt

Hagerstown, MD is located in which North American sub-region?

Northern, Western

Hagerstown, Maryland is located in the ________ hemisphere and the ________ hemisphere.

grow rapidly

If a Population pyramid is very wide at the base and narrow at the top, the population of that society is likely to ________.

Atlantic Ocean

Imagine that you just won a trip to Paris! Assuming that you leave BWI Airport and fly east, what ocean will you fly over on your way to Paris?

The lowest paid, least educated workers

Immigrants to North America generally compete with which social group for jobs?

Hispaniola

In 1492, Christopher Columbus established the first Spanish colony on the Caribbean island of ________. Select one: a. Hispaniola b. Cuba c. Puerto Rico d. Jamaica

The Andes

In South America, the part of the 10,000 mile mountain chain that runs along the western edge of the American continents is called:

90%

In the 150 years following European arrival in Middle and South America, the indigenous population was reduced by approximately: Select one: a. 30% b. 50% c. 70% d. 90%

Support for undemocratic governments that protected the interests of international energy companies.

In the post-WWII period, U.S. Foreign policy in North Africa and Southwest Asia can best be described as: Select one: a. Support for undemocratic governments that protected the interests of international energy companies. b. A complete absence of any policy approach at all; the region just wasn't on the U.S. political radar. c. Support for grassroots democracy movements. d. A hands-off approach that favored non-interference in the affairs of the region.

Continental, moist all year

In which climate zone is Moscow located? Select one: a. Steppe b. Midlatitude, moist all year c. Continental, moist all year d. Arctic

Oligarchs

Individuals who are so wealthy that they wield enormous political power are called: Select one: a. Aristocrats b. Oligarchs c. Monarchs d. Dictators

Saudi Arabia

Islam originated in Select one: a. Iran b. Israel c. Saudi Arabia d. Egypt

Mexico-U.S. border

Maquiladoras are found along the Select one: a. Panama Canal b. Mexico-U.S. border c. Amazon River d. Cuban coast

California

More than 2/3 of U.S. fruits and nuts are grown in ________.

Islam, Judaism and Christianity

North Africa and Southwest Asia is the cultural hearth for which three major monotheistic religions? Select one: a. Hinduism, Judaism and Christianity b. Zoroastrianism, Judaism and Christianity c. Islam, Judaism and Christianity d. Islam, Christianity and Shinto

Mississippi

North America's largest river system is the ________.

on the windward coastal side of mountains

Orographic precipitation falls ________. (Choose the best response)

across the Bering land bridge from Asia

People began to arrive in North America thousands of years ago. It is believed by researchers that these early arrivals to North America migrated ________.

Pacific

Peru has a coast on the ________ Ocean. Select one: a. Indian b. Atlantic c. Pacific d. Southern

Palestine

Prior to the creation of the modern state of Israeli, the place was known as ________. Select one: a. Lebanon b. Libya c. Persia d. Palestine

20

Recent research suggests that investments in energy conservation, alternative energy, and other measures would cost EU economies 1 of their GDP, but that doing nothing about climate change could shrink their GDP by ________%. Select one: a. 20 b. 33 c. 4 d. .5

In the Central Asian states, farming was reorganized to emphasize export crops.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the agricultural sector experienced all of the following changes, EXCEPT: Select one: a. A drop of 20 to 30% in yields in the 1990s. b. Large farms could not get the equipment, fuel or fertilizers they needed. c. Collective farms were broken up into smaller, private farms. d. In the Central Asian states, farming was reorganized to emphasize export crops.

40 million

Approximately how many Europeans are NOT citizens of member states of the EU? (Please note: this number will go up once Britain officially exits the European Union which it is in the process of doing. Since Britain has not yet officially exited, please use the number in your textbook which remains accurate for now.) Select one: a. 10 million b. 40 million c. 80 million d. 120 million

1 - 2%

Approximately what percentage of residents of the U.S. work directly in agriculture or farming today?

An increasing focus on multimodal transport linking air, rail, water and car transport.

A recent trend in European transportation is: Select one: a. A significant reduction in the use of container ships due to safety and immigration concerns. b. An increasing focus on multimodal transport linking air, rail, water and car transport. c. An increasing focus on small plane travel within the EU. d. An increasing focus on interstate bus service.

in the Atlantic Ocean

A researcher is at 0o latitude and 0o longitude. The researcher is located ________.

Services

About 70% of Europeans now work in which sector of the economy? Select one: a. The Military b. Agriculture c. Services d. Manufacturing

The Atlantic Ocean

According to modern plate-tectonic theory, which of the following DID NOT exist 237 million years ago?

Profits from oil and gas extraction.

After a decade of economic instability, Russia's economy began to recover, primarily due to: Select one: a. Profits from oil and gas extraction. b. The rising prices of Russia's agricultural products on the global market. c. The significant investments the government has made in developing the post-industrial service economy. d. Enormous amounts of foreign investment, primarily from China.

Democracy flourished in the Soviet Union under Stalin.

All of the following accurately describe the Soviet Union under Stalin, except: Select one: a. The purpose of the command economy during this period was to promote rapid industrialization to increase the prosperity of the people. b. Stalin instituted a command economy, in which the state owned all real estate and means of production such as factories and farms. c. The government managed all production, pricing and distribution of goods and services. d. Democracy flourished in the Soviet Union under Stalin.

The Slavs remained very isolated until the 19th century.

All of the following accurately describe the ancient Slavs, except: Select one: a. The Slavs emerged in what is now Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus. b. The Slavs created Kiev in 480 and Moscow in 1100. c. The Slavs remained very isolated until the 19th century. d. The Slavs developed powerful kingdoms in Ukraine and European Russia.

European Russia is the most sparsely populated area of the entire region.

All of the following describe European Russia, except: Select one: a. European Russia lies west of the Ural Mountains. b. European Russia is the most sparsely populated area of the entire region. c. European Russia is the economic core of Russia. d. European Russia is the agricultural core of Russia.

A positive aspect of colonialism was that the colonial powers paid relatively higher wages to workers in the colonies than local businesses did.

All of the following statements accurately describe European colonialism, EXCEPT: Select one: a. Portugal was the first European country to establish overseas colonies. b. Establishing colonies and managing their production and trade is a development strategy referred to as mercantilism. c. The billions of dollars worth of wealth that flowed from the colonies into the European colonial countries spurred and hastened the industrial revolution. d. A positive aspect of colonialism was that the colonial powers paid relatively higher wages to workers in the colonies than local businesses did.

The State of Israel was created.

All of the following statements accurately describe events in the North Africa/SW Asia region at the end of WWI, except: Select one: a. The Ottoman Empire was dismantled by the Allied Powers. b. Only Turkey remained an independent country. c. Nomadic Bedouins were consolidated under Sheik Ibn Saud. d. The State of Israel was created.

The countries belonging to the European Union are all at the same level of development.

All of the following statements accurately describe the European Union, EXCEPT: Select one: a. The European Union is a supranational organization. b. The Schengen Accord allowed for goods and people to move freely between member countries. c. The countries belonging to the European Union are all at the same level of development. d. Some people fear that the EU is causing cultural homogenization.

Feudalism dominated Europe until the early 20th century.

All of the following statements accurately describe the feudal period in European history, except: Select one: a. Feudalism originated from the need to protect rural areas against marauders from Scandinavia and the European interior. b. Feudalism dominated Europe until the early 20th century. c. The wealthy nobility lived lavish lifestyles in elaborate castles during the feudal period. d. While feudalism prevailed in the rural areas of Europe, social, economic and political changes were taking place behind the walls of the towns and cities.

Because of strong water conservation measures, this region does not face the problem of future water shortages.

All of the following statements describe approaches to water management in the region, except: Select one: a. People in this region are better at conserving water than most people in the world. b. Ancient underground canals for moving water are called qanats. c. Public bathing is one way people in the region conserve water. d. Because of strong water conservation measures, this region does not face the problem of future water shortages.

27%, 16%

Between 1960 and 2014, the proportion of Europe's population that is 14 years old and younger went from ____ to _____. Select one: a. 27%, 16% b. 27%, 26% c. 16%, 27% d. 9%, 16%

50

By 2030, it is estimates that ________% of of all Africans will live in urban areas. Select one: a. 12 b. 15 c. 37 d. 50

Afghanistan

Soviet military involvement in which country finally stretched the Soviet Union past the breaking point, leading to its eventual dissolution? Select one: a. Nicaragua b. Angola c. Poland d. Afghanistan

Spain

The Alps extend into all of the following countries EXCEPT: Select one: a. France b. Spain c. Italy d. Austria

Nile River

The Aswan high dam was built in the 1970's, resulting in the formation of Lake Nasser.The dam prevents seasonal flooding from replenishing moisture and nutrients along the ________ banks. Select one: a. Tigris River b. Euphrates River c. Jordan River d. Nile River

in the Amazon Basin

The Earth's largest remaining expanse of tropical forest is located Select one: a. in the Amazon Basin b. in the Andes Mountians c. in Patagonia d. west of the Andes Mountains

Dry, warm summers and cool, moist winters

The Mediterranean climate of North America's southern west coast is characterized by:

Boston

The North American Megalopolis includes the city of

The surprisingly mild and wet conditions of Western Europe

The North Atlantic Drift is largely responsible for which of the following climatic conditions in Europe? Select one: a. The dry winters of the southern Mediterranean climate. b. The long, cold winters of Central Europe. c. The surprisingly mild and wet conditions of Western Europe. d. The arctic type conditions of northern Scandinavia.

The Suez Canal

The Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea are connected by ________. Select one: a. The Panama Canal b. The Persian Gulf c. The Suez Canal d. The Silk Road

A federation of 30 internal republics, all under the umbrella of the Russian government.

The Russian Federation is best described as: Select one: a. A loose coalition of 30 independent states. b. A homogenous nation-state with little internal diversity. c. A federation of 30 internal republics, all under the umbrella of the Russian government. d. A regional trade association.

Brazil

The Spanish colonized most of Middle and South America, but the Portuguese colonized much the land that today makes up ________. Select one: a. Mexico b. Columbia c. Brazil d. Peru

Iraq

The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers run through _______ before draining in to the Persian Gulf. Select one: a. Russia b. Saudi Arabia c. Iraq d. Egypt

Infant mortality rates

The United Nations Human Development Index (HDI) is comprised of all of the following measures, except:

Pacific

The ________ Ring of Fire is a zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanoes resulting from tectonic activity.

Ogallala

The ________ is the largest aquifer in North America.

For mining and smelting based on its large mineral deposits.

The city of Norilsk is known primarily: Select one: a. For the highly developed IT industry located there. b. For mining and smelting based on its large mineral deposits. c. As the regional center of global trade. d. As the regional center of commercial agriculture.

There are no areas in this region that receive enough rainfall for farming.

The climate of the region of North Africa and Southwest Asia is accurately described by all of the following, except: Select one: a. This is the driest region on earth. b. Temperatures in the Sahara can reach 130 degrees F in the shade. c. Lack of vegetation contributes to the aridity of the region. d. There are no areas in this region that receive enough rainfall for farming.

The Atacama Desert

The combined effect of the cold Peru Current and the rain shadow of the Andes have created which unique landscape? Select one: a. The Atacama Desert b. Patagonia c. The Pampas d. The Amazon lowlands

. Turkey

The country in the region of North Africa and Southwest Asia that has the most plentiful water resources is: Select one: a. Israel b. Turkey c. Iran d. Morocco

latitude

The distance (in degrees) north or south of the equator is called ________.

Central planning was largely unsuccessful at alleviating poverty and illiteracy among the masses

The economic model of central planning utilized in Central Europe after 1945 can be described by all of the following, except: Select one: a. A central bureaucracy dictates prices and output and allocates resources. b. Central planning was largely unsuccessful at alleviating poverty and illiteracy among the masses. c. Central planning was marked by waste and corruption. d. Central planning was dismantled in the 1990s.

Virginia

The first British colony in North America was established in 1607 in what is today known as:

France

The first European country to establish control over a colony in North Africa was: Select one: a. France b. Spain c. Portugal d. Italy

An improvement in the health and well-being of most Africans.

The impact of European colonization of Africa include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: a. An improvement in the health and well-being of most Africans. b. An increase in tensions between different ethnic or tribal groups. c. A decrease in local communities' access to resources. d. A diversion of production away from growing food and toward export crop production.

Delta

The large, triangular-shaped plain of sediment that formed where the Nile flows into the Mediterranean Sea is called the Nile ________.

Sahara Desert

The largest desert in the world is the ________. Select one: a. Libyan Desert b. Rub' al Khali c. Sahara Desert d. Nubian Desert

AIDS

The leading cause of death for women of reproductive age in Sub-Saharan Africa is: Select one: a. Hemorrhaging during labor and delivery b. Domestic violence c. Water-borne diseases d. AIDS

Caucasia

The mountainous region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea is called ________. Select one: a. Caucasia b. Siberia c. Kaliningrad d. Belarus

A series of peninsulas upon peninsulas with complex patterns of lowlands, uplands and mountains.

The physical geography of Europe is best described as: Select one: a. An island continent with a desert interior. b. A series of peninsulas upon peninsulas with complex patterns of lowlands, uplands and mountains. c. A raised plateau with narrow coastal lowlands and an abrupt escarpment. d. Relatively flat and slowly rising as one heads to the east towards Asia.

Weather refers to relatively short term temperature and precipitation conditions while climate refers to the long-term temperature and precipitation patterns or averages.

The primary difference between weather and climate is that ________.

Quebec

The primary language is French in ________.

The Great Plains

The region known as North America's breadbasket is:

The Rhine

The river that carries more traffic than any other in Europe is: Select one: a. The Rhine b. The Danube c. The Elbe d. The Seine

Irrigation for the production of cotton.

The shrinkage of the Aral Sea was caused primarily by: Select one: a. Rapid industrial development in the region. b. Rapid urbanization in the region. c. Irrigation for the production of cotton. d. Irrigation for golf courses and suburban lawns.

money sent back home by immigrants.

The term "remittances" refers to the movement of

South Africa

The wealthiest country in Sub-Saharan Africa is: Select one: a. South Sudan b. South Africa c. Botswana d. Madagascar

Ukraine

The world's worst nuclear disaster took place at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in: Select one: a. Russia b. Georgia c. Ukraine d. Kyrgyzstan

Mosses and lichens

Which of the following is most likely to grow in tundra? Select one: a. Coniferous forests b. Desert scrub c. Mosses and lichens d. Grasslands

They had built a sophisticated urban society that may have had a higher quality of life than European societies at the time.

Which of the following statements best describes the Aztecs at the time of European contact?

The United States and Canada are roughly the same size in terms of total land area.

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

New York

Which of the following states was dramatically altered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last glaciation?

Tierra templada

Which of the following temperature-altitude zones has a spring-like climate year-round and was preferred by many indigenous people and Europeans?

High quality consumer goods were produced in mass quantities.

Which of the following was not one of the achievements of the Soviet style economy? Select one: a. High quality consumer goods were produced in mass quantities. b. Abject poverty was largely eradicated. c. Housing, healthcare and education were all provided free of charge by the government. d. Public transportation was well-developed.

While there is tremendous religious diversity, Islam is dominant in North Africa while Christianity is dominant in Subsaharan Africa

Which statement most accurately summarizes religion in Africa? Select one: a. While there is tremendous religious diversity, Christianity is dominant in North Africa while Islam is dominant in Subsaharan Africa. b. While there is tremendous religious diversity, Islam is dominant in North Africa while Christianity is dominant in Subsaharan Africa. c. While there is tremendous religious diversity, Christianity is dominant in North Africa while Judaism is dominant in Subsaharan Africa. d. While there is tremendous religious diversity, Christianity is dominant in North Africa while Hinduism is dominant in Subsaharan Africa.