finally NUTRITIONAL
Dehydration can occur if too much water and sodium are depleted from the body.
True
Which of the following minerals is linked with bone health?
phosphorus
Peak bone mass typically occurs when a person reaches his or her
thirties.
true
Keshan disease typically only occurs in children who live in rural areas that have selenium-poor soil.
Eating meat with vegetables increases the absorption of nonheme iron present in the vegetables.
True
Electrolytes control fluid balance in the cells.
True
Fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of potassium.
True
Keshan disease typically only occurs in children who live in rural areas that have selenium-poor soil.
True
Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in your body, after calcium
True
Smokers absorb less calcium than nonsmokers.
True
Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, can inhibit the absorption of magnesium.
True
Sulfur, phosphorus, and magnesium are all considered major minerals.
True
The bottling and sale of naturally-obtained spring water is under the regulation of the FDA.
True
B
Which of the following is a major mineral? A) fluoride B)potassium C) zinc D)iron
Which of the following elements is a major mineral of bone?
calcium
Which of the following is a major mineral of bone?
calcium
Women with a higher body weight are more susceptible to bone fractures than those with a lean or lower body weight.
False
Which of the following is not a function of zinc?
It lowers blood pressure.
Which of the following statements does not correctly describe a function of zinc?
It lowers blood pressure.
zinc
(defficiency) hairloss, loss of appetites, impaired taste, delayed sexual maturation, impotence, skin rakes, impaired growth.
iodine
(defficincy) goiter (enlarges thyroid gland) cretinism: early stages of development
how much of fat is in AMDR
20-35%
Which of the following is true about ALL bottled water?
It may contain impurities.
________ toxicity can damage the nervous system and cause symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease.
Manganese
The amount of urine your body produces depends on your age.
False
The main function of iodine is to increase insulin's effectiveness in cells.
False
The most abundant mineral in your body is manganese.
False
essential nutrient & function that helps you absorb vitamins
fat
trace minerals
1) iron 2) copper 3)zinc 4)selenium 5) fluoride 6)chromium 7)iodine 8)maganese (9 molybdemium
major minerals
1)sodium, 2)potassium 3)calcium 4)phosphorus 5)magnesium 6)chloride 7) sulfur
In the DASH-Sodium study, which amount of sodium was found to be the most effective as a daily limit?
1,500 milligrams
Your entire skeleton is replaced with new bone about every
10 years.
how much of protein is in AMDR
10-35%
What is the minimum amount of sodium that you need to consume daily?
180 milligrams
my plate guidelines
30 percent grains, 40 percent vegetables, 10 percent fruits and 20 percent protein, accompanied by a smaller circle representing dairy
What percentage of adults are obese
34
How many calories/gram in carbs
4
How many calories/gram in proteins
4
how much of carbs is in AMDR
45-65%
The body of an average healthy adult is approximately ________ percent water.
50-60
The average healthy adult is approximately ________ percent water.
60
What percentage of American adults are overweight
66
How many calories/gram in alcohol?
7
How many calories/gram in fats
9
The daily requirement of water is _____ cups for women and _____ cups for men and may come from other drinks as well as foods.
9, 13
manganese
A toxicity of which mineral damages the nervous system and causes symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease? manganese selenium sodium chloride
Which of the following statements regarding water balance is TRUE?
A woman on a daily diet of 2,500 calories needs approximately 2,700 milliliters of water.
3.8
Adult men should consume ________ milligrams of fluoride daily to meet their needs.
phosphorous
All of the following function as electrolytes in the body except chloride. phosphorus. potassium. sodium.
chromium
All of the following minerals are needed to maintain healthy bones except calcium. phosphorus. chromium. magnesium.
Which of the following statements is correct about water within the human body?
All these statements are correct.
true
An advantage of consuming tap water is that it contains adequate amounts of fluoride.
Which of the following statements regarding calcium is FALSE?
Approximately 50% of calcium is found in the blood.
false
Approximately 60 percent of your thyroid hormones are composed of chromium.
Which of the following is true about bone health?
Bones are dynamic, living tissue.
Which of the following is true about calcium supplements?
Calcium from unrefined oyster shell may contain lead.
Which of the following minerals can help to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
Chromium.
hyponatremia
Consuming too much water in certain circumstances, such as competing in a marathon, can cause (too little sodium in blood)
A major function of magnesium is to ___.
help regulate blood pressure
Which of the following statements is correct? A. Water acts as a solvent within the body.B. Water is used to regulate body temperature. C. Water is a main component of the blood. D. All of these statements are correct
D. All of these statements are correct`
Which of the following statements regarding potassium is correct? A. High-protein, low-vegetable/fruit diets may cause a potassium deficiency. B. A potassium deficiency can result from vomiting and/or diarrhea. C. Low potassium levels can cause muscle weakness. D. All the answers are correct.
D. All the answers are correct.
what replaced RDI with 4 nutrient reference values
DRI
The acronym DASH in the DASH diet stands for
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.
what is DRI
Dietary Reference Intake
what is used by nutrition researchers to assess the nutrient adequacy of groups (identifying specific nutrients that may be lacking)
EAR
true
Eating meat with vegetables will increase the absorption of the nonheme iron from the vegetables.
false
Excessive alcohol consumption can increase bone density because it promotes the formation of new bone by decreasing the loss of calcium and promoting the activation of vitamin D.
Approximately 66% of our body water is found in the extracellular fluid
False
Because the body can store water, humans can survive for 10 to 15 days without water as long as they have food to eat.
False
Calcium supplements are warranted for all age groups because a normal diet will not provide adequate amounts of calcium
False
Drinking orange juice with poultry will decrease the bioavailability of the iron in the poultry.
False
If a person weighs less after an activity than before, the weight change is due to loss of body fat.
False
In general, hypertension is characterized by having a diastolic pressure above 120 and a systolic pressure above 80.
False
It has been confirmed that zinc can reduce the severity and duration of the common cold.
False
Minerals that are important in fluid balance are called antidiuretics.
False
Over-consumption of calcium is the root cause of the development of kidney stones.
False
broccoli
For a strict vegetarian who doesn't consume dairy products, a good source of calcium would be
American diet
High Sodium Intake, High Saturated Fat, Added Sugars, Refined Grains
potassium
Hyperkalemia occurs when a person consumes supplements with too much
Which of the following conditions is defined as too little sodium in the blood?
Hyponatremia
1,500
In the DASH-Sodium study, which amount of sodium was found to be the most effective as a daily limit?
fluoride
Legumes (beans) are a good source of all of the following minerals except potassium. magnesium. sulfur. fluoride.
Which of the following statements is true about mineral toxicity?
Mineral toxicities usually result from supplement use
false
Minerals that are important in fluid balance are called antidiuretics.
What is the amount of sodium that Americans, on average, consume daily?
More than 3,000 milligrams
chromium
helps insulin in your body
hyponatremia
Overconsumption of fluids can cause____________, which can be fatal.
20s
Peak bone mass typically occurs when a person is in his or her
true
Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in your body, after calcium.
what is EAR
The numerical intake of a specific nutrient that has to meet the requirement in 50% of healthy people in a controlled group
Which of the following statements is true about potassium?
Potassium aids in bone health.
which out of these: Protein, Carbs, Fat, Vitamins, Minerals, Water; is a MACROnutrient
Protein, Carbs, Fat
what is RDI
Recommended Daily Allowance
true
Selenium is part of a class of proteins called selenoproteins, which can function as antioxidants.
what is used to calculate the recommended dietary allowance.
The EAR
2,300
The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of sodium for adults is set at
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.
The acronym DASH in the DASH diet stands for
false
The diagnosis of osteopenia indicates a lower bone density than a diagnosis of osteoporosis.
potassium
The electrolyte primarily inside your cells that is also needed for acid-base balance, muscle contraction, and nerve impulse conduction, lowers bp, helps kidney stones is
true
The majority of sodium in most diets comes from processed foods.
copper
The mineral that helps synthesize melanin and hemoglobin and link the proteins collagen and elastin together in connective tissue is
false
The most abundant mineral in your body is manganese.
1,000 - 1,200
The recommended daily amount of calcium for adults is
18mg (per day)
The recommended intake of iron for women between the ages of 19 and 50 is
Which of the following occurs during dehydration?
The thirst mechanism signals you to drink fluids.
C
The two major electrolytes outside your cells and in your blood are A)sulfur and magnesium. B)potassium and magnesium. C)sodium and chloride. D)zinc and iron.
Which of the following statements regarding selenium/selenoproteins is incorrect?
They are proven protection against colon cancer.
A feeling of dehydration despite having consumed significant amounts of fluids may be an indicator of hyponatremia.
True
A low-calcium diet may increase your risk of osteoporosis.
True
Although osteoporosis is often thought of as a condition of the elderly, it has its roots in childhood.
True
Although the majority of water intake is through food and beverages, a small amount of water is also generated during metabolism.
True
An advantage of consuming tap water is that it contains adequate amounts of fluoride.
True
Both magnesium and chromium may play a role in decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
True
Calcium is actively transported through the upper small intestine.
True
The inorganic form of arsenic is poisonous for humans.
True
Thyroid hormone inhibits the effects of vitamin D on calcium metabolism.
True
Water evaporates into the air, carrying heat away from the body core.
True
which out of these: Protein, Carbs, Fat, Vitamins, Minerals, Water; is a MICROnutrient
Vitamins, Minerals
Which of the following choices BEST describes the functions of water in the body?
Water is essential for all of these functions.
C
Which mineral helps in the synthesis of collagen and elastin in connective tissue and is also involved in synthesizing melanin in skin? A)chromium B)iodine C)copper D)selenium
sulfur
Which mineral is found in the amino acids methionine, cystine, and cysteine?
D
Which mineral may play a role in lowering high blood pressure? A)potassium B)calcium C)magnesium D)All these answers are correct.
a
Which mineral's absorption into the body is enhanced greatly by vitamin C? A)nonheme iron B)chromium C)manganese D)phosphorous
C
Which of the following is a result of too little potassium in the blood? A)hypertension B)hypercalcemia C) hypokalemia D) hyponatremia
c
Which of the following is an antioxidant? A)calcium B)chromium C)selenium D)iron
D
Which of the following is correct regarding potassium? A)Deficiency can occur due to vomiting or diarrhea. B)High-protein, low-vegetable/fruit diets may cause potassium deficiency. C)Low potassium can cause muscle weakness. D)All these answers are correct.
c
Which of the following is not a function of zinc? A)It reduces the risk of age-related macular degeneration. B)It is needed for wound healing. C) It lowers blood pressure. D)It is important for healthy taste buds.
B
Which of the following may not help reduce blood pressure? A)following a high-protein diet B)increasing sodium intake C)losing excess weight D)drinking plenty of fluids
d
Whole grains are good sources of all of the following minerals except A)magnesium. B)copper. C)chromium. D)iodine.
Jill is planning on running the Boston Marathon and wants to avoid hyponatremia. What is hyponatremia?
a condition of too little sodium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids
hemochromatosis
a genetic disorder, can cause iron overload
Cretinism can occur in individuals deficient in iodine. Which of the following is a symptom of this condition?
abnormal sexual development, dwarfism, mental retardation
iron
about two-thirds of which mineral is found in hemoglobin?
What are the three keys to a healthy diet?
balance, moderation, variety
Which of the following foods contain(s) nonheme iron?
beans
meat
best source of zinc
Mineral absorption from foods depends on their ___.
bioavailability
10-15
body absorbs ______ % or iron consumed.
Which of the following compounds is a typical ingredient in calcium supplements?
calcium carbonate
phytates
can interfere with the absorption of iron?
essential nutrient that is the main energy source
carbohydrates
Which of the following foods contains the LEAST amount of potassium?
chicken
Which mineral is found in bleach as well as stomach acid (though in two different forms)?
chlorine
Which mineral's main role is to increase the effectiveness of insulin in cells?
chromium
Which of the following mineral's main role is to increase the effectiveness of insulin in cells?
chromium
Which of the following minerals is linked with energy metabolism?
chromium
phosphorous, calcium
combine to form hydroxyapatite
Which mineral helps in the synthesis of collagen and elastin in connective tissue and is also involved in synthesizing melanin in skin?
copper
Which of the following minerals helps in linking collagen and elastin to synthesize connective tissue and is also involved in synthesizing melanin in skin?
copper
water
enables hydrolysis reactions
The process that helps the body to cool off to maintain its temperature is called ___.
evaporation
nutritional genomics
explain different human respones to the same food
Which mineral, when added to water supplies, is responsible for lowering the rate of dental caries in the United States?
fluoride
Which of the following foods contains the LEAST amount of sodium?
fresh corn
Which of the following conditions is a genetic disorder in which individuals absorb too much dietary iron?
hemochromatosis
The DASH diet is ___.
high in potassium and magnesium
thyroid
hormones regulate metabolic rate; help heart, nerves, muscle and intestines function properly
Which of the following conditions is defined as too much calcium in the blood?
hypercalcemia
Which of the following conditions is commonly known as high blood pressure?
hypertension
Which of the following conditions is defined as too little potassium in the blood?
hypokalemia
Which of the following is a result of too little potassium in the blood?
hypokalemia
Which of the following is a result of too little sodium in the blood?
hyponatremia
chromium
improves insulin response
A major function of chromium is to ___.
increase insulin's effectiveness
As BMI increases, mortality rate
increases
Which of the following may not help reduce blood pressure?
increasing sodium intake
A deficiency of which mineral is the most common nutritional disorder in the world?
iron
In the body, about two-thirds of which mineral is found in hemoglobin?
iron
Which of the following elements is a major component of hemoglobin?
iron
Which of the following is a major component of hemoglobin?
iron
Which of the following minerals is linked with blood health?
iron
The most common nutritional disorder in the world is
iron deficiency.
hemochromatosis
is a result of too much iron in the body?
true
magnesium and chromium may play a role in decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
A function of phosphorus is to ___.
maintain proper pH
A toxicity of which mineral damages the nervous system and causes symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease?
manganese
16 cups (total)
men daily water needs
Of the following, the food richest in phosphorus is ___.
milk
essential nutrient that's inorganic and helps your body to grow & transmit nerve impulses & maintain fluid volume
minerals
electrolytes
minerals that help maintain fluid balance
iodine
needed by thyroid to make essential hormones
major minerals
needed in amounts greater than 100mg per day
trace minerals
needed in amounts less than 20mg per day
Trace minerals are __________.
needed in smaller amounts in the diet as compared to major minerals
Which mineral's absorption into the body is enhanced greatly by vitamin C?
nonheme iron
food insecurity
nutrient-poor diet
examples of functional foods
oats, eggs
effects of food insecurity
obesity, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes
Which two minerals combine to form hydroxyapatite?
phosphorus and calcium
Which of the following substances can interfere with the absorption of iron?
phytates
Which of the following minerals is linked with fluid and electrolyte balance?
potassium
DRI
prevents nutritional deficiency & aims to improve long-term health by reducing the risk of chronic disease
essential nutrient that build and repair tissues
proteins
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges is made of
proteins, carb, fat
A major function of zinc is to ___
provide for normal growth and development
water does what
removes waste and transports nutrients & regulates body temperature
Which of the following minerals is linked with antioxidant function?
selenium
Which of the following substances is an antioxidant and may lower deaths from certain types of cancer?
selenium
Of the following, the food with the LEAST amount of iron is ___.
skim milk
A major mineral that most Americans get too much of is _____.
sodium
Which of the following elements is a major electrolyte?
sodium
The two major electrolytes in the blood and outside of cells are
sodium and chloride.
Which of the following is a consequence of hypertension?
stroke
nutritional genomics studies
studies the interaction between the human genome, nutrition, and health
Which mineral is found in the amino acids methionine, cystine, and cysteine?
sulfur
Water balance means that __________.
the amount of water consumed in food and drink is equal to the amount of water lost by the body.
The condition known as hyponatremia is
the presence of too little sodium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids.
The majority of the sodium in your diet is coming from __________.
the sodium that is added to processed foods
A factor that increases the risk of osteoporosis is ___.
tobacco use
The majority of excess water is excreted through __________.
urine output
essential nutrient that is organic & helps build bone, heal wounds, and bolster immunity
vitamins
essential nutrient that helps with transport & maintain homeostasis
water
helps maintain the composition of cells
water
Insensible (water loss)
water lost when you exhale & thru evaporation of skin
what are functional foods
whole, fortified, enriched foods that provide health benefits beyond essential nutrients
12 cups (total)
women daily water needs
The need for iron is greater in ___.
women during pregnancy
3.1
women flouride needs
