Fire Academy Test Review.

Rolled salvage covers: A. Require more than one person to spread. B. Can easily be spread by one person. C. Are much more difficult to spread than folded covers. D. Can become damaged more easily than folded covers.

B. Can easily be spread by one person. (FF1CH15).

A metal snap link that is used to connect ropes to other mechanical gear is called a: A. Pulley. B. Carabiner. C. Hitch. D. Winch cable.

B. Carabiner. (FF1CH01-15).

Which is a component of the LCES technique for situational awareness at ground cover fires? A. Exposures. B. Communications. C. SCBA. D. Lightning.

B. Communications. (FF1CH13-14).

When performing tactical ventilation, what action has the most impact on successful ventilation? A. Activating sprinkler systems. B. Controlling oxygen availability. C. Exposure protection. D. Removing fuel sources.

B. Controlling oxygen availability. (FF1CH11-12).

Nearby structures and vegetation can be ignited if _____ carries hot fire brands or embers aloft. A. Radiation. B. Convection. C. Conduction. D. Diffusion.

B. Convection. (FF1CH11-12).

A slow-moving, smoldering fire that burns dead organic matter on the soil in forested areas is called a _____ fire. A. Surface. B. Ground. C. Crown. D. Flank.

B. Ground. (FF1CH01-15).

A slow-moving, smoldering fire that burns dead organic matter on the soil in forested areas is called a _____ fire. A. Crown. B. Ground. C. Flank. D. Surface.

B. Ground. (FF1CH13-14).

Why should the bumper of a burning car be avoided? A. It is the location of the vehicle that is most likely to reignite after extinguishment. B. Heated bumper struts may explode and injure those nearby. C. It is the location with the highest concentration of toxic gases. D. Items inside the bumper are prone to spontaneous ignition.

B. Heated bumper struts may explode and injure those nearby. (FF1CH01-15).

The part of a ground cover fire opposite the head that usually burns slowly and quietly is called the: A. Origin. B. Heel. C. Black. D. Flank.

B. Heel. (FF1CH13-14).

Which is a sign that an accelerant may have been used to start the fire? A. Lack of personal possessions in the structure. B. High heat intensity. C. Lack of fire patterns on the floor. D. Fire that reaches the decay stage quickly.

B. High heat intensity. (FF1CH15).

Exposure to chemicals and products of combustion are linked to: A. Increased performance levels and faster reaction times. B. Increased occurrences of illnesses and diseases. C. Decreased chances of developing acute or chronic illnesses. D. Increased psychological stress levels.

B. Increased occurrences of illnesses and diseases. (FF1CH01-15).

A firefighter should not turn off electricity to an entire building until he or she is ordered to, because it: A. Makes it harder for firefighters to work inside the building when there is no electricity. B. Is necessary to operate essential systems such as elevators and HVAC systems. C. Can cause unforeseen issues with forcible entry and overhaul operations. D. Would be an inconvenience to occupants to have the utilities turned off.

B. Is necessary to operate essential systems such as elevators and HVAC systems. (FF1CH13-14).

What challenge may firefighters face when performing salvage in a commercial occupancy? A. Property owners are often on site and can be a distraction. B. It can be difficult to cover large displays and stocks. C. The rooms are likely to be small and hard to maneuver. D. Valuable merchandise may be damaged by covering it.

B. It can be difficult to cover large displays and stocks. (FF1CH15).

For which of the ladder mounting locations would firefighters access the ladder from the rear of the apparatus? A. Hanging on a beam in racks on the right side of the apparatus. B. Laying flat in a compartment under the right side of the hose bed. C. In a mechanically operated rack that lowers from the top of the hose bed to the right side of the apparatus. D. Mounted vertically on the left or right side of the apparatus.

B. Laying flat in a compartment under the right side of the hose bed. (FF1CH01-15).

Firefighters should take note of _____, because it may indicate that the fire was intentionally set. A. Wind direction. B. Locked doors. C. Temperature. D. Plastic containers.

D. Plastic containers. (FF1CH15).

If enough personnel are available to have four firefighters raise a ladder,: A. A beam raise is normally used. B. A flat rise is normally used. C. The ladder should be raised at a 60-degree angle. D. The ladder should be raised at the corner of the building.

B. A flat rise is normally used. (FF1CH07-08).

What communication center equipment is used to receive calls from individuals with hearing impairments? A. Telephone alarm box. B. Telegraph box. C. Two-way radio. D. Teletype.

D. Teletype. (FF1CH01-02).

Ground ladders should be service tested at least once a year and: A. After being subjected to high heat or rough treatment. B. A minor service test should be done on them each day. C. When they are subjected to extremely cold temperatures. D. A minor service test should be done on them each week.

A. After being subjected to high heat or rough treatment. (FF1CH07-08).

Seat-mounted SCBA: A. Allow firefighters to don the SCBA while still inside the apparatus. B. Ensures that SCBA are donned properly every time. C. Makes it more difficult for firefighters to check equipment. D. Require that firefighters be breathing cylinder air while en route to the incident.

A. Allow firefighters to don the SCBA while still inside the apparatus. (FF1CH05-06).

Which is an apparatus requirement in NFPA 1500? A. Apparatus must be designed to include seat belts for all occupants. B. Apparatus are required to have seat mounts for SCBA. C. Apparatus must be replaced every ten years. D. Apparatus are only required to have a seat belt for the driver.

A. Apparatus must be designed to include seat belts for all occupants. (FF1CH01-02).

Which type of buildings are subject to rapid fire spread because many of the protective features such as gypsum wallboard and automatic fire suppression systems are not in place? A. Buildings under construction. B. Commercial buildings constructed prior to 1990. C. Buildings at the wildland/urban interface. D. Buildings with a bowstring truss roof design.

A. Buildings under construction. (FF1CH03-04).

Horizontal sliding fire doors: A. Cannot be used to protect openings in walls in the required path of egress. B. Require clear space around the door to ensure closure. C. Are the best choice to protect openings along the required path of egress. D. Are commonly used in stairwells that require a fire door.

A. Cannot be used to protect openings in walls in the required path of egress. (FF1CH03-04).

Which type of window has one or two side-hinged sashes and usually opens outward? A. Casement window. B. Picture window. C. Display window. D. Pivoting window.

A. Casement window. (FF1CH03-04).

A _____ extinguisher should be used in areas with highly sensitive computer equipment because it will cause less damage to the equipment than other extinguishers. A. Clean agent. B. Carbon dioxide (CO2). C. Class C. D. Class D.

A. Clean agent. (FF1CH05-06).

Situations or events that signal the need for exit are called: A. Exit indicators. B. Situational exit guidelines. C. Ingress/egress procedures. D. Withdrawal guidelines.

A. Exit indicators. (FF1CH05-06).

In order for life safety rope to be reused in life safety situations, it must NOT be: A. Exposed to heat or direct flame. B. Stored in apparatus compartments. C. Made of block creel construction. D. The same color as utility rope.

A. Exposed to heat or direct flame. (FF1CH07-08).

Which piece of wildland fire fighting PPE is a piece of flame-resistant fabric that attaches to the helmet? A. Face/neck shroud. B. Chain saw protection. C. Fire shelter. D. Fusee.

A. Face/neck shroud. (FF1CH05-06).

Which statement regarding apparatus safety is accurate? A. Firefighters should always maintain three points of contact when mounting or dismounting apparatus. B. The safest location to mount and dismount apparatus is on the side of the vehicle exposed to traffic. C. When exiting the cab, backing out can cause a serious tripping hazard. D. Passengers must wear fire fighting helmets while in the apparatus cab.

A. Firefighters should always maintain three points of contact when mounting or dismounting apparatus. (FF1CH01-02).

In order to avoid contact burns and heat stress after leaving a heated environment, firefighters should: A. Follow rehabilitation protocols and allow clothing to cool. B. Thoroughly inspect PPE to check for damage. C. Place contaminated PPE in the cab of the apparatus. D. Make sure that the protective trousers and coat do not overlap.

A. Follow rehabilitation protocols and allow clothing to cool. (FF1CH05-06).

To prevent injury when raising or lowering an extension ladder: A. Grasp the beams, rather than the rungs. B. Ensure that the pawls are seated just below the rungs. C. Do not shift the ladder once it is in place. D. Keep the halyard tied throughout the operation.

A. Grasp the beams, rather than the rungs. (FF1CH07-08).

The _____ is the rope or cable used to raise the upper sections of an extension ladder. A. Halyard. B. Guide line. C. Pawl. D. Pulley.

A. Halyard. (FF1CH07-08).

When inspecting a roof ladder, it is important to check that the: A. Hook assemblies are not loose, deformed, or rusted. B. Halyard does not show signs of dry rot. C. Fly sections glide easily up and down. D. Pulleys turn freely and do not stick in place.

A. Hook assemblies are not loose, deformed, or rusted. (FF1CH07-08).

What feature does a roof ladder have that a single ladder does not have? A. Hooks used to secure it over the top of the roof's ridge line. B. The ability to be raised to multiple heights. C. A halyard that is used to secure the ladder in place. D. Butt spurs that prevent it from slipping when deployed.

A. Hooks used to secure it over the top of the roof's ridge line. (FF1CH07-08).

What should be the next step after choosing the appropriate fire extinguisher for a fire? A. Inspect the extinguisher to make sure it is charged and operable. B. Pull the pin to break the seal. C. Refill the extinguisher so it is ready to operate. D. Pick up the extinguisher and carry it toward the fire.

A. Inspect the extinguisher to make sure it is charged and operable. (FF1CH05-06).

What should be used to clean synthetic fiber ropes? A. Lukewarm water and mild detergent. B. Bleach and hot water. C. Specially formulated industrial cleansers. D. Cold water.

A. Lukewarm water and mild detergent. (FF1CH07-08).

Because unprotected stairs are not enclosed with fire-rated construction, they: A. May serve as a flow path for fire and smoke. B. Are likely to be the area of origin for a fire. C. Are the safest option for firefighters to use during a fire. D. Should be used as the first option for occupant egress.

A. May serve as a flow path for fire and smoke. (FF1CH03-04).

Calls received at fire department facilities that range from requests for assistance to personal calls from family or friends are known as _____ calls. A. Nonemergency. B. Nonessential. C. Discretionary. D. Extraneous.

A. Nonemergency. (FF1CH01-02).

A _____ window has separate parts that swing inward or outward when opened and is designed to provide the full area of the window opening for ventilation. A. Pivoting. B. Double-hung. C. Single-hung. D. Picture.

A. Pivoting. (FF1CH03-04).

A _____ is a guide to decision making within an organization that addresses issues such as working hours, emergency response guidelines, and chain of command. A. Policy. B. Standard. C. Regulation. D. Procedure.

A. Policy. (FF1CH01-02).

How are rolling steel shutters often used? A. Protect openings in an industrial fire wall. B. Cover basement and attic windows. C. Provide an exit opening in a required path of egress. D. Act as a secondary barrier on top of a fire door.

A. Protect openings in an industrial fire wall. (FF1CH03-04).

Which category of telecommunications system is in a central location, takes all emergency calls, and then routes calls to appropriate dispatchers? A. Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP). B. Regional Public Safety Telecommunications Center. C. Tertiary Public Safety Answering Point (TSAP). D. Emergency Service Specific Telecommunications Center.

A. Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP). (FF1CH01-02).

What are mobile fill stations designed to do? A. Refill air cylinders during emergency incidents. B. Fill air cylinders during incidents at high-rise buildings. C. Pre-fill a large number of SCBA at once in preparation for an incident. D. Remove the need for SCBA by filtering ambient air.

A. Refill air cylinders during emergency incidents. (FF1CH05-06).

Braid-on-braid rope is usually used: A. For rescues where long falls are possible. B. As utility rope. C. As life safety rope. D. For rescues where long falls are not possible.

B. As utility rope. (FF1CH07-08).

When receiving a call from someone who is angry or upset: A. Immediately hang up on the caller. B. Be pleasant and take necessary information. C. Speak authoritatively and tell the caller to stop complaining. D. File a complaint with local law enforcement regarding the caller.

B. Be pleasant and take necessary information. (FF1CH01-02).

Which type of roof supports are sections of lumber that are located directly under the roof decking? A. Gusset plates. B. Beams. C. Trusses. D. Parapets.

B. Beams. (FF1CH03-04).

Which SCBA component controls air flow from the cylinder when the regulator fails? A. Mainline valve. B. Bypass valve. C. Pressure gauge. D. Diaphragm.

B. Bypass valve. (FF1CH05-06).

What should be the first priority of firefighters when there are downed high-voltage power lines? A. Attempt to rescue victims in the area. B. Contact the electric company to shut off power. C. Gather necessary rescue equipment. D. Gather information for the incident report.

B. Contact the electric company to shut off power. (FF1CH01-02).

Which is a radio communications best practice? A. Use monotone speech. B. Do not transmit until the frequency is clear. C. Speak across the microphone. D. Use expressions that are specific to your area.

B. Do not transmit until the frequency is clear. (FF1CH01-02).

Which type of rope is used as a belay line when there is a possibility that a victim or firefighter may fall a long distance while supported by the rope? A. Braided rope. B. Dynamic kernmantle rope. C. Twisted rope. D. Static kernmantle rope.

B. Dynamic kernmantle rope. (FF1CH07-08).

At the station, if you cannot answer a caller's question, refer them to someone who can, then: A. Listen in on the call and take notes. B. Follow up on the request. C. Hang up. D. Return to your station duties.

B. Follow up on the request. (FF1CH01-02).

In which situation would a dry chemical extinguisher be MOST effective? A. Titanium fire. B. Fuel spill fire at a vehicle accident. C. Fire in a deep fryer at a restaurant. D. Magnesium fire.

B. Fuel spill fire at a vehicle accident. (FF1CH05-06).

Fire fighting boots must be: A. Made completely of reinforced leather. B. High enough to protect the lower leg. C. Low enough to expose the ankles. D. Made completely of high-grade rubber.

B. High enough to protect the lower leg. (FF1CH05-06).

The SCBA backplate and harness assembly: A. Is only found on certain SCBA models. B. Is used to hold the breathing air cylinder. C. Contains the speaking diaphragm. D. Contains the heads-up display unit.

B. Is used to hold the breathing air cylinder. (FF1CH05-06).

When cleaning a ladder, firefighters should: A. Work in teams of two or more. B. Look for damage or wear and report any defects. C. Use strong chemical solvents to clean dirt and debris. D. Use a stiff bristled brush and hot water.

B. Look for damage or wear and report any defects. (FF1CH07-08).

Type IV buildings are resistant to structural collapse because of the: A. Thickness of the reinforced concrete walls. B. Mass of the heavy timber structural members. C. Use of noncombustible interior finishes. D. Use of open-web floor joists.

B. Mass of the heavy timber structural members. (FF1CH03-04).

Which organization or agency assists the fire department by alerting the public of traffic incidents or evacuations? A. Utility company. B. Media. C. Public works department. D. Local hospital.

B. Media. (FF1CH01-02).

To safely climb an extension ladder, it is recommended to place your feet: A. In the center of the rungs with the halyard tied in the center of the rungs. B. Near the beams with the halyard tied in the center of the rungs. C. Near the beams with the halyard tied on the outside of the rungs near the beams. D. In the center of the rungs with the halyard tied on the outside of the rungs near the beams.

B. Near the beams with the halyard tied in the center of the rungs. (FF1CH07-08).

A compartment is any: A. Space divided into separate areas. B. Open space with no complete fire barrier dividing it. C. Bay, cell, chamber, vault, or cubicle within a building. D. Enclosed space within a building.

B. Open space with no complete fire barrier dividing it. (FF1CH03-04).

Which roof style commonly has an elevated center along a ridge line and a roof deck that slopes down to the eaves? A. Arched roof. B. Pitched roof. C. Mansard roof. D. Flat roof.

B. Pitched roof. (FF1CH03-04).

On which type of roof are firefighters likely to be at risk of becoming trapped in the void space and falling through the original roof below? A. Green roof. B. Rain roof. C. Photovoltaic roof. D. Cold roof.

B. Rain roof. (FF1CH03-04).

Which method of extinguishment excludes oxygen from the burning process? A. Cooling. B. Smothering. C. Saponification. D. Chemical flame inhibition.

B. Smothering. (FF1CH05-06).

Which type of communications center equipment would be used for communications at an emergency scene? A. Teletype (TTY). B. Two-way radio system. C. Direct-line telephones. D. Municipal alarm box systems.

B. Two-way radio system. (FF1CH01-02).

Everyone at an emergency scene should follow two basic communications rules, the first of which is: A. Hold the microphone as close as possible to your mouth when speaking. B. Units or individuals must identify themselves in every transmission. C. Always state your message twice to ensure its understanding. D. Key the microphone and wait a second or two before starting your message.

B. Units or individuals must identify themselves in every transmission. (FF1CH01-02).

What is an effective way to protect yourself from the health hazards caused by inhaling smoke and other products of combustion? A. Exercise daily. B. Wear respiratory protection. C. Schedule annual physical exams. D. Eat a healthy diet.

B. Wear respiratory protection. (FF1CH05-06).

Which feature does an extension ladder have that a single or roof ladder does not have? A. Hooks at the tip of the ladder to help secure it in place. B. Tie rods that support the rungs. C. A fly section that can be raised to various working heights. D. Truss blocks that support the rails or rungs.

C. A fly section that can be raised to various working heights. (FF1CH07-08).

In most compartment fires, the energy release in fire is directly proportional to the: A. Ambient temperature of the environment. B. Thermal conductivity of the fuel. C. Amount of oxygen available for combustion. D. Amount of fuel available for combustion.

C. Amount of oxygen available for combustion. (FF1CH03-04).

If storing SCBA in seat mounts, be sure to: A. Bring a backup SCBA in case the first does not function properly. B. open the cylinder and bypass valves before placing the SCBA in the mount. C. Arrange the SCBA so it can be donned without removing your seat belt. D. Tighten the SCBA harness straps so that they are ready for donning.

C. Arrange the SCBA so it can be donned without removing your seat belt. (FF1CH05-06).

Limited means of egress and limited ventilation are two reasons that fires are more dangerous in _____ than in other compartments. A. Attics. B. Kitchens. C. Basements. D. Stairways.

C. Basements. (FF1CH03-04).

What is a sign of heat exposure on a ladder? A. Loose bolts or rivets. B. Rust. C. Blistered paint. D. Expired heat sensor label.

C. Blistered paint. (FF1CH07-08).

Which term refers to remote areas or locations inside structures that can cause loss of cellular telephone service or radio signals? A. Ambient noise. B. Interference. C. Dead zones. D. Physical barriers.

C. Dead zones. (FF1CH01-02).

A fire is said to be in the _____ stage when it runs out of either available fuel or available oxygen. A. Incipient. B. Growth. C. Decay. D. Fully-developed.

C. Decay. (FF1CH03-04).

Class A portable fire extinguishers are rated from 1-A through 40-A based upon the amount of water and: A. Whether the portable extinguisher is certified for novice use. B. Whether the portable extinguisher is intended for indoor or outdoor use. C. Duration and range of discharge used in extinguishing test fires. D. The weight and height of the portable extinguisher.

C. Duration and range of discharge used in extinguishing test fires. (FF1CH05-06).

Which safety hazard are firefighters most likely to find in the space between the ceiling and the roof? A. Bowstring trusses. B. Concrete decking. C. Electrical wiring. D. Photovoltaic cells.

C. Electrical wiring. (FF1CH03-04).

What hazard do fire doors potentially pose to firefighters? A. Fire doors allow a large amount of smoke and particulates into uninvolved spaces. B. Fire doors are ineffective at limiting the spread of fire between compartments. C. Fire doors can automatically close if the fusible link melts. D. Fire doors are unable to be penetrated with normal rescue tools.

C. Fire doors can automatically close if the fusible link melts. (FF1CH03-04).

All recorded transmissions become part of the official record on an incident and may be made public under open records laws or _____ requests. A. Public Records Access Act (PRAA). B. Federal Information Collection Act (FICA). C. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). D. Equal Access to Information Act (EAIA).

C. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). (FF1CH01-02).

Roof-mounted equipment such as _____ add a substantial load to the roof and increase the probability of collapse. A. Automatic smoke vents. B. Dormers. C. HVAC units. D. Wired security glass.

C. HVAC units. (FF1CH03-04).

The flow path of a structure fire is comprised of two regions: the ambient air flow in and the: A. Cool air subsidence. B. Ambient air flow out. C. Hot exhaust flow out. D. Ceiling jet.

C. Hot exhaust flow out. (FF1CH03-04).

Type _____ construction can be expected to remain structurally stable longer than other types during a fire. Select one: A. II. B. IV. C. I. D. III.

C. I. (FF1CH03-04).

When an extinguishing agent is determined to be safe and effective for use on combustible metals, it will: A. Be a different color than extinguishers designed to extinguish other classes of fire. B. Be given a numerical rating based upon the amount of fire it can extinguish. C. Include application instructions on the faceplate. D. Include the test results on the faceplate.

C. Include application instructions on the faceplate. (FF1CH05-06).

An extinguishing agent, such as dry chemical or Halon-replacement agent, terminates the combustion reaction by: A. Cutting off the oxygen supply to the fuel. B. Reacting with the fuel to create a fire-resistant layer. C. Interfering with the chemical chain reaction. D. Cooling the fuel below the ignition temperature.

C. Interfering with the chemical chain reaction. (FF1CH03-04).

A portable fire extinguisher must be labeled with the: A. Type of PPE required to be worn while operating. B. Colors that designate its class rating. C. Letters and/or symbols that designate its class rating. D. Name of the purchasing department.

C. Letters and/or symbols that designate its class rating. (FF1CH05-06).

What part of a knot is formed by crossing the side of a bight over the standing part of the rope? A. Safety. B. Hitch. C. Loop. D. Round turn.

C. Loop. (FF1CH07-08).

What information should be gathered by a dispatcher? A. Length of time before responders must be at the scene. B. Hospital information for victims involved. C. Number and location of people involved. D. Previous incidents at the location involved.

C. Number and location of people involved. (FF1CH01-02).

Which guidelines should be followed when using SCBA? A. Turn your SCBA off just before exiting the hazardous area. B. Only enter an IDLH atmosphere in teams of three or more firefighters. C. Only enter an IDLH atmosphere if you have been certified to wear SCBA and properly fit tested. D. Thermal imagers (TI) should not be used while wearing SCBA.

C. Only enter an IDLH atmosphere if you have been certified to wear SCBA and properly fit tested. (FF1CH05-06).

Avoid placing ladders: A. At an angle of greater than 60 degrees. B. At multiple locations on different sides of the building. C. Over openings where they may be exposed to heat or flame. D. On the upwind side of a door or window opening.

C. Over openings where they may be exposed to heat or flame. (FF1CH07-08).

Experience at emergency incidents has shown that, in addition to background noise, _____ can significantly affect the ability to hear and understand radio transmissions. A. Age of the individual. B. Time of day. C. Personal protective equipment. D. Experience of the individual.

C. Personal protective equipment. (FF1CH01-02).

When assisting an unconscious victim down a ladder, special consideration should be taken to: A. Ensure that the ladder is heeled by at least four firefighters on the ground. B. Try to help the victim regain consciousness before descending the ladder. C. Place the victim's feet outside the rails in order to prevent entanglement. D. Maintain the victim in a vertical position resting against the ladder.

C. Place the victim's feet outside the rails in order to prevent entanglement. (FF1CH07-08).

What is the first step in the PASS application method of operating a portable fire extinguisher? A. Position downwind of the fire. B. Point the nozzle at the top edge of the fire. C. Pull the pin to break the thin wire or plastic seal. D. Pick up the extinguisher and walk toward the fire.

C. Pull the pin to break the thin wire or plastic seal. (FF1CH05-06).

When solid fuels are heated, they begin to _____ and release fuel gases and vapors. A. Hypoxilize. B. Melt. C. Pyrolize. D. Evaporate.

C. Pyrolize. (FF1CH03-04).

How can a firefighter safely maintain constant hand contact with the ladder when carrying tools? A. Use the rungs to balance the tools while ascending the ladder. B. Use a ladder belt to carry the tool. C. Slide the free hand along the beam. D. Cradle the tool in the arm, maintaining contact with the ladder.

C. Slide the free hand along the beam. (FF1CH07-08).

Firefighters are at risk of contracting respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and COPD because of repeated exposure to: A. High temperatures. B. Atypically stressful situations. C. Smoke, dangerous gases, and chemicals. D. Chronic infectious diseases.

C. Smoke, dangerous gases, and chemicals. (FF1CH01-02).

What does NFPA 1500 require to be part of fire department training programs? A. A requirement for firefighters to retest for annual recertification. B. Computer-based training and online evaluation logs. C. Personnel duties assigned prior to training and evaluation. D. A process for evaluating firefighter skills and knowledge.

D. A process for evaluating firefighter skills and knowledge. (FF1CH01-02).

What is the primary type of respiratory protection used in the fire service? A. Air-purifying respirator (APR). B. Closed-circuit breathing apparatus (CCBA). C. High-efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA). D. Atmosphere-supplying respirator (ASR).

D. Atmosphere-supplying respirator (ASR). (FF1CH05-06).

Heat that is radiated to the insulating air layer between PPE and your body: A. Dissipates at a much quicker rate than convected heat. B. Is less dangerous than heat conducted to the outside of the PPE. C. May cause spontaneous ignition of the PPE materials. D. Can cause heat stress and failure of the PPE.

D. Can cause heat stress and failure of the PPE. (FF1CH03-04).

Which duty would likely be performed by a Fire Fighter I? A. Maintaining pumping apparatus. B. Supervising a group of new recruits. C. Determining the origin and cause of a fire. D. Cleaning and inspecting ground ladders.

D. Cleaning and inspecting ground ladders. (FF1CH01-02).

On an SCBA air cylinder, the pressure gauge is used to: A. Control the flow of air to the regulator. B. Reset the heads-up display when necessary. C. Set the working pressure for the cylinder. D. Display the amount of air left in the cylinder.

D. Display the amount of air left in the cylinder. (FF1CH05-06).

What construction features tend to contain fires for a longer period of time, thus creating fuel-rich, ventilation-limited environments? A. Tile, stone, and concrete flooring. B. Heat-reflective wall treatments. C. High ceilings and atriums. D. Energy-efficient designs.

D. Energy-efficient designs. (FF1CH03-04).

Which type of knot is used primarily on life safety ropes to tie ropes of equal diameters together? A. Figure-eight on a bight. B. Overhand safety. C. Clove hitch. D. Figure-eight bend.

D. Figure-eight bend. (FF1CH07-08).

Which highway/roadway incident hazard would require firefighters in full PPE to stand by with a charged hoseline? A. Wreckage debris. B. Downed power line. C. Glass in the roadway. D. Fuel spill.

D. Fuel spill. (FF1CH01-02).

What is one construction requirement of newer factory built homes that has helped to reduce fire loss and residential fatalities? A. Lighter fuel load than conventional structures. B. Open crawl spaces which provide an additional oxygen source. C. Fewer internal walls to create compartmentation. D. Gypsum board instead of wood paneling as an interior finish.

D. Gypsum board instead of wood paneling as an interior finish. (FF1CH03-04).

Before deploying a roof ladder, the: A. Pawls must be facing up. B. Fly must be extended. C. Roof ladder's halyard must be properly tied. D. Hooks should be opened.

D. Hooks should be opened. (FF1CH07-08).

What information should be included when broadcasting information on emergencies to department members? A. Information from the caller and historical incidents. B. Information from neighboring jurisdictions and state law enforcement. C. Information from area businesses and media outlets. D. Information from the caller and from preincident plans.

D. Information from the caller and from preincident plans. (FF1CH01-02).

Rope that is used exclusively for utility rope and is susceptible to abrasion and damage because a large portion of the load-bearing strands are exposed is known as: A. Braid-on-braid rope. B. Dynamic rope. C. Kernmantle rope. D. Laid rope.

D. Laid rope. (FF1CH07-08).

When hoisting tools and equipment, always remember to: A. Use a carabiner to create a mechanical advantage. B. Charge a hoseline before hoisting it. C. Use a team of three people for every hoisting operation. D. Make sure that all personnel are clear of the hoisting area.

D. Make sure that all personnel are clear of the hoisting area. (FF1CH07-08).

A _____ extinguisher requires the operator to apply pressure to a pump that increases pressure within the container and forces the agent out the nozzle. A. Manual cartridge. B. Stored pressure. C. Pressure cartridge. D. Manual pump.

D. Manual pump. (FF1CH05-06).

What is one disadvantage of synthetic fiber rope? A. Prone to mold and mildew. B. Cannot support heavy loads. C. Must be replaced often. D. Melts when exposed to heat.

D. Melts when exposed to heat. (FF1CH07-08).

What occurs when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounters an external heat source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion reaction? A. Autoignition. B. Sustained ignition. C. Kinetic ignition. D. Piloted ignition.

D. Piloted ignition. (FF1CH03-04).

Rope logs: A. Are required for both life safety and utility rope. B. Must be updated daily with inspection information. C. Should be completed by the department's training officer. D. Should include information about incidents that result in impact loading.

D. Should include information about incidents that result in impact loading. (FF1CH07-08).

Often referred to as dispatchers, the persons who are trained to answer emergency calls and obtain the correct information are: A. Radio operators. B. Communications attendants. C. Public safety communicators. D. Telecommunicators.

D. Telecommunicators. (FF1CH01-02).

In order to safely lift a ground ladder, it is important: A. For each firefighter on the team to lift one at a time. B. To have two firefighters per section of ladder. C. For all firefighters to be on the same side of the ladder. D. To lift on command of a firefighter who can see the entire team.

D. To lift on command of a firefighter who can see the entire team. (FF1CH07-08).

Once an emergency has been reported, the information must be: A. Properly encoded before transmission. B. Verified by a second source before being dispatched. C. Electronically recorded before being sent out. D. Transmitted to the responding units or personnel.

D. Transmitted to the responding units or personnel. (FF1CH01-02).

Hazardous materials incidents can involve potentially dangerous nonfire gases and vapors, so firefighters must: A. Leave the scene until air monitoring demonstrates that the atmosphere is safe. B. Take more frequent rehabilitation breaks if not wearing SCBA. C. Spend at least 80 percent of their time at the incident outside of the hot zone. D. Wear SCBA until air monitoring demonstrates that the atmosphere is safe.

D. Wear SCBA until air monitoring demonstrates that the atmosphere is safe. (FF1CH05-06).

Which action does NFPA 1500 prohibit while riding in apparatus on the way to an incident? A. Wearing GPS devices. B. Using a fire department radio. C. Wearing SCBA. D. Wearing helmets.

D. Wearing helmets. (FF1CH01-02).

When operating a portable fire extinguisher, it is safest to approach the fire: A. With the wind blowing toward you. B. With your back to the fire. C. At a 45-degree angle. D. With the wind at your back.

D. With the wind at your back. (FF1CH05-06).

What disrupts the ventilation strategy and causes the fire to grow? A. Removing items from the structure. B. Activating sprinkler systems. C. Changing to a transitional attack. D. Breaking windows unnecessarily.

D. Breaking windows unnecessarily. (FF1CH11-12).

Power tools should be started: A. In the area where the work will be performed. B. With the blade facing down and toward the operator. C. With the blade facing up and toward the operator. D. More than 10 feet (3 m) away from where the work will be performed.

A. In the area where the work will be performed. (FF1CH09-10).

If a building has security bars on the windows,: A. All bars should be removed to allow emergency egress for inside crews if adequate resources are available. B. The windows with bars should be left alone and other windows should be chosen for egress. C. Remove only the security bars on ground level. D. The windows must be opened from the inside.

A. All bars should be removed to allow emergency egress for inside crews if adequate resources are available. (FF1CH09-10).

What should the attack team do if they open the door to a structure and observe a low neutral plane and turbulent smoke? A. Apply water to the hot gas layer, but stay outside the structure. B. Apply water to the hot gas layer while advancing to the seat of the fire. C. Perform negative pressure ventilation to remove smoke from the compartment. D. Close the door and use a different entrance to the structure.

A. Apply water to the hot gas layer, but stay outside the structure. (FF1CH13-14).

The general location where the fire began is known as the: A. Area of origin. B. Origin point. C. Area of cause. D. Focus point.

A. Area of origin. (FF1CH15).

The minimum temperature at which a fuel in the air must be heated in order to start self-sustained combustion is known as the: A. Autoignition temperature (AIT). B. Piloted ignition temperature (PIT). C. Lower explosive (flammable) limit (LEL). D. Upper explosive (flammable) limit (UEL).

A. Autoignition temperature (AIT). (FF1CH01-15).

What ventilation tool would be used to break windows or chop holes through roof decking? A. Axes. B. Chain saws. C. Pike poles. D. Power saws.

A. Axes. (FF1CH11-12).

In a ventilation-limited compartment fire that has a large volume of flammable gases, opening a door or window could result in: A. Backdraft. B. Flashover. C. Piloted ignition. D. Spontaneous ignition.

A. Backdraft. (FF1CH01-15).

When using power saws for forcible entry, firefighters must: A. Be aware of hidden electrical wires and gas lines. B. Use a blade that has not recently been sharpened. C. Place the blade against the material before turning the saw on. D. Select the largest saw available.

A. Be aware of hidden electrical wires and gas lines. (FF1CH01-15).

What is the leading cause of firefighter fatalities? A. Cardiovascular disease. B. Genetic disorders. C. Brain cancer. D. Diabetes.

A. Cardiovascular disease. (FF1CH01-15).

When a substance changes from one type of matter into another, such as two or more substances combining to form compounds, the substance undergoes a: A. Chemical reaction. B. Metamorphosis. C. Dissolution. D. Physiological change.

A. Chemical reaction. (FF1CH01-15).

Which action can protect the egress pathways during a search so that the search team can escape if conditions change rapidly? A. Close doors along the egress path after rooms are searched. B. Use an air monitoring device to check for dangerous gas levels in the compartment. C. Open all doors in the path to make more exit points available. D. Only allow one search team in an area at a time.

A. Close doors along the egress path after rooms are searched. (FF1CH01-15).

Where would a clean agent extinguisher likely be used? A. Computer room fire. B. Vehicle fire. C. Structure fire. D. Commercial kitchen fire.

A. Computer room fire. (FF1CH01-15).

In order to protect the structure from damage due to weather and trespassers, firefighters should: A. Cover door and window openings with plywood or plastic sheeting. B. Replace all doors and windows after overhaul is complete. C. Contract with a third-party company to protect the structure. D. Advise the owner that it is his or her responsibility to secure the premises.

A. Cover door and window openings with plywood or plastic sheeting. (FF1CH15).

What should be done to prevent damage when drying fire hose in hose towers or on racks? A. Secure the couplings to the rack or tower. B. Place the rack in direct sunlight. C. Ensure that male threads are left exposed. D. Position the racks horizontal and as flat as possible.

A. Secure the couplings to the rack or tower. (FF1CH11-12).

If you must enter through a jalousie window, it may be faster and more efficient to: A. Cut through the wall around the entire window assembly and remove it. B. Break the glass in the individual panes and spread the window frame. C. Cut the window panel out of the frame. D. Break the lowest pane, cut the screen, and unlock the locking mechanism.

A. Cut through the wall around the entire window assembly and remove it. (FF1CH09-10).

Airborne pathogens may cause illness through inhalation or: A. Direct contact. B. Adsorption. C. Ingestion. D. Absorption.

A. Direct contact. (FF1CH05-06).

Which extinguishing agent should be used for a Class D fire? A. Dry powder. B. Wet chemical. C. Dry chemical. D. Class D foam.

A. Dry powder. (FF1CH01-15).

What is the best option when rapid fire development is about to occur? A. Escape to a safe haven. B. Remain in place and use the hoseline for protection. C. Shelter in place. D. Advance to the seat of the fire to extinguish it before it grows.

A. Escape to a safe haven. (FF1CH09-10).

Situations or events that signal the need for exit are called: A. Exit indicators. B. Ingress/egress procedures. C. Withdrawal guidelines. D. Situational exit guidelines.

A. Exit indicators. (FF1CH01-15).

When fighting a vehicle fire, a piercing nozzle can safely be used to: A. Extinguish fire under the hood. B. Combat fires in the wheel well of a hybrid vehicle. C. Provide protection when advancing toward the vehicle. D. Apply a foam layer over pools of spilled fuel.

A. Extinguish fire under the hood. (FF1CH01-15).

When fighting a vehicle fire, a piercing nozzle can safely be used to: A. Extinguish fire under the hood. B. Provide protection when advancing toward the vehicle. C. Combat fires in the wheel well of a hybrid vehicle. D. Apply a foam layer over pools of spilled fuel.

A. Extinguish fire under the hood. (FF1CH13-14).

When performing positive-pressure ventilation,: A. Firefighters can set up PPV blowers without entering the smoke-filled environment. B. Firefighters must use horizontal ventilation. C. Exposures are at a much greater risk of fire spread. D. Firefighters must enter the smoke-filled environment to set up PPV blowers.

A. Firefighters can set up PPV blowers without entering the smoke-filled environment. (FF1CH11-12).

Closing the valve on a natural gas tank to stop the emission of gaseous fuel would be an example of: A. Fuel removal. B. Chemical flame inhibition. C. Temperature reduction. D. Oxygen exclusion.

A. Fuel removal. (FF1CH13-14).

Exposure to _____ will react to rapidly separate the inner lining of the hose. A. Gasoline. B. Prolonged freezing temperatures. C. Mold. D. Products of combustion.

A. Gasoline. (FF1CH11-12).

Horizontal ventilation can be employed effectively in a basement if the basement: A. Has ground level windows or below ground level windows in wells. B. Consists of one small compartment. C. Has interior stairs. D. Consists of a large open plan.

A. Has ground level windows or below ground level windows in wells. (FF1CH11-12).

When placing ground ladders, what conditions must be communicated to crew members and/or supervisors? A. Icy ground or uneven terrain. B. Time of day. C. Age of the structure. D. Temperature and humidity levels.

A. Icy ground or uneven terrain. (FF1CH01-15).

What are attached to hard-suction hose during drafting operations in order to prevent debris from entering the pump? A. Intake strainers. B. Siamese appliance. C. Gate valves. D. Drafting valve.

A. Intake strainers. (FF1CH13-14).

Why is breaching interior walls not a preferred method of escape? A. It requires strength, depletes air supply, and creates an additional flow path. B. It requires specialized tools and requires responders to remove SCBA. C. It inflicts too much damage on the structure. D. It could cause possible harm to victims sheltering in the next room.

A. It requires strength, depletes air supply, and creates an additional flow path. (FF1CH09-10).

What happens when the nozzle is above the elevation of the fire pump, such as when operating on the second story of a building? A. Loss of water pressure. B. Increase in chance of water hammer occurring. C. Decrease in chance of water hammer occurring. D. Increase in water pressure.

A. Loss of water pressure. (FF1CH13-14).

Search and rescue marks should be placed: A. On the lower third of the door, the lower third of the adjacent wall, or in the landing of the adjacent stairs. B. In the middle of the door or the middle of the opposite wall. C. On the upper third of the door or the upper third of the adjacent wall. D. In the middle of the door, in the middle of the adjacent wall, or in the middle of the adjacent stairs.

A. On the lower third of the door, the lower third of the adjacent wall, or in the landing of the adjacent stairs. (FF1CH01-15).

How should a pike pole be hoisted? A. Pike pointing up. B. Secured to the ladder. C. Pike pointing down. D. Attached to another tool.

A. Pike pointing up. (FF1CH01-15).

Which roof style commonly has an elevated center along a ridge line and a roof deck that slopes down to the eaves? A. Pitched roof. B. Flat roof. C. Mansard roof. D. Arched roof.

A. Pitched roof. (FF1CH01-15).

To be physically and mentally prepared for survival during search and rescue operations, you should: A. Practice emergency exit techniques. B. Follow orders without question. C. Allow the IC to look out for your crew members' safety. D. Push yourself past your limits.

A. Practice emergency exit techniques. (FF1CH09-10).

What is the purpose of a standpipe? A. Provides a place to connect hose where preconnected hoselines cannot reach B. Prevents water hammer when drafting C. Combats friction loss in high-rise buildings D. Serves as a safe connection point for hoselines when fighting fires in underground spaces

A. Provides a place to connect hose where preconnected hoselines cannot reach (FF1CH13-14).

During salvage operations, a dewatering device would be used to: A. Remove water from a basement. B. Reduce the amount of water discharged by the hoseline. C. Remove water from rugs and furniture. D. Stop water that is flowing from an activated sprinkler.

A. Remove water from a basement. (FF1CH15).

How should hard intake hose be cleaned after use? A. Rinse with clear water. B. Use industrial strength cleansers. C. Use a hose washing machine. D. Sent to the manufacturer for specialized cleaning.

A. Rinse with clear water. (FF1CH01-15).

Rooms or close areas where the door can be closed to prevent the spread of heat, smoke, and toxic gases into that space are called: A. Safe havens. B. Protective units. C. Fireproof assemblies. D. Escape rooms.

A. Safe havens. (FF1CH09-10).

The techniques used in structural forcible entry: A. Should do minimal damage and provide quick access. B. May be preferable to normal means of entry during a fire. C. Are decided upon by the rapid intervention crew supervisor. D. Cannot be used to gain entry to vehicles or rail cars.

A. Should do minimal damage and provide quick access. (FF1CH09-10).

Firefighters working on flat roofs are likely to encounter obstacles that penetrate through the roof, including: A. Skylights. B. Eaves. C. Trusses. D. Gusset plates.

A. Skylights. (FF1CH01-15).

For what purpose are wooden wedges designed to be used during salvage operations? A. Stop the flow of water from an activated sprinkler. B. Stop water runoff. C. Stop the flow of water from a damaged hoseline. D. Force entry through doors.

A. Stop the flow of water from an activated sprinkler. (FF1CH01-15).

Which condition should be noted because it may be a potential sign of arson? A. There is a car blocking access to the fire hydrant. B. There are many bystanders at the scene. C. The fire occurs in the middle of the night. D. It is cold outside, and the furnace is operating.

A. There is a car blocking access to the fire hydrant. (FF1CH01-15).

When personnel are working on the roof or upper stories,: A. There must be at least two means of escape in different locations. B. Two ladders should be placed directly next to one another as a means of escape. C. Ladders should be positioned on the north and south sides of the building, if possible. D. Aerial devices should be chosen for escape instead of ground ladders, if possible.

A. There must be at least two means of escape in different locations. (FF1CH01-15).

K-tools and shove knives are used for: A. Through-the-lock forcible entry. B. Breaching the walls of a structure. C. Breaking glass in doors. D. Forcing security doors and gates.

A. Through-the-lock forcible entry. (FF1CH01-15).

Fire department radio channels should NOT be used: A. To send personal messages. B. To dispatch information to responders. C. As a way to communicate about incident hazards. D. In conjunction with a personnel accountability system.

A. To send personal messages. (FF1CH01-15).

Protecting property requires firefighters to: A. Use good loss control techniques throughout the incident. B. Prioritize property conservation over incident stabilization and life safety. C. Stop fire suppression efforts until the area has been secured. D. Begin loss control after the fire has been extinguished.

A. Use good loss control techniques throughout the incident. (FF1CH15).

The three main influences on ground cover fire behavior are fuel type, topography, and: A. Weather. B. Time of day. C. Type and amount of resources available. D. Number of personnel available.

A. Weather. (FF1CH13-14).

When wind speeds are 10 mph (15 kph) or faster, firefighters are safest working: A. With the wind at their backs. B. While facing the wind. C. Entirely inside the structure. D. Near the center of the structure.

A. With the wind at their backs. (FF1CH11-12).

Where should the perimeter be around an incident involving an explosion? A. 2.5 times the size of the structure affected by the blast. B. 1.5 times the distance from the farthest piece of debris. C. 2.5 feet (750 mm) past the structure affected by the blast. D. 1.5 feet (450 mm) past the farthest piece of evidence.

B. 1.5 times the distance from the farthest piece of debris. (FF1CH15).

In which situation would firefighters likely use an air monitoring device? A. When assisting a high-angle rescue team. B. A medical call where multiple victims have collapsed for an unknown reason. C. A car accident requiring victim extrication. D. Fire in a trash container.

B. A medical call where multiple victims have collapsed for an unknown reason. (FF1CH09-10).

For a fire scene to be secure, it needs to have: A. Perimeters that are marked differently for each varying level of access. B. A recognizable perimeter with someone assigned to maintain the perimeter. C. Perimeter markings at least every ten feet. D. A specialized team of law enforcement personnel assigned to protect it.

B. A recognizable perimeter with someone assigned to maintain the perimeter. (FF1CH01-15).

Which extinguisher would be effective for use on a burning puddle of gasoline at a vehicle incident? A. Stored-pressure water extinguisher. B. Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) extinguisher. C. Clean agent extinguisher. D. Dry powder extinguisher.

B. Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) extinguisher. (FF1CH01-15).

When you are seeking to escape and you locate a window, you should: A. Use an escape rope to descend from the window. B. Ask Command if opening the window will make interior conditions worse. C. Break the glass and lower yourself to the ground head first. D. Break the window glass using heavy furniture in the room.

B. Ask Command if opening the window will make interior conditions worse. (FF1CH01-15).

Which type of roof supports are sections of lumber that are located directly under the roof decking? A. Parapets. B. Beams. C. Gusset plates. D. Trusses.

B. Beams. (FF1CH01-15).

Ventilation equipment that fails inspection should be: A. Used with caution. B. Marked out of service. C. Used for training purposes only. D. Replaced as soon as possible.

B. Marked out of service. (FF1CH11-12).

Panic, claustrophobia, and disorientation are effects of: A. Chronic exposure to products of combustion. B. Obscured vision conditions. C. Long-term exposure to radiation. D. Pulmonary edema.

B. Obscured vision conditions. (FF1CH09-10).

Booster hose is designed to be carried: A. In open-air hose beds. B. On reels mounted to the apparatus. C. On special booster hose carts. D. In interior apparatus compartments.

B. On reels mounted to the apparatus. (FF1CH01-15).

In which search method does the leader remain at a fixed point while searching team members spread out through a room to complete a search? A. Shelter-in-place method. B. Oriented-search method. C. VEIS method. D. Wide-area search method.

B. Oriented-search method. (FF1CH09-10).

Actions such as opening a bypass valve on a cylinder, sharing air, and breathing directly from the cylinder are: A. Never allowed according to SOPs. B. Possible solutions to air emergencies. C. Suggested responses to structural collapse. D. Unlikely to occur at a search and rescue operation.

B. Possible solutions to air emergencies. (FF1CH09-10).

When firefighters apply water to the hot gas layer in a compartment, it will: A. Push fire into adjacent rooms. B. Reduce the radiant heat flux from the upper layer. C. Increase the radiant heat flux from the upper layer. D. Increase the potential for flashover.

B. Reduce the radiant heat flux from the upper layer. (FF1CH13-14).

When ventilation does not release heat and smoke directly above the fire,: A. The fire has stopped increasing in growth. B. Some routing of smoke becomes necessary. C. Ventilation activities should not be used any longer. D. The type of fire attack should be changed.

B. Some routing of smoke becomes necessary. (FF1CH01-15).

Which air movement equipment is used to position smoke ejectors and fans in doors and windows? A. Flexible ducts. B. Stacking and hanging devices. C. Air movement devices. D. Hoselines and nozzles.

B. Stacking and hanging devices. (FF1CH11-12).

Unlike a pick-head axe, a flat-head axe can be used to: A. Remove roofing materials. B. Strike another tool to force it through a doorjamb. C. Chop through wooden structural components. D. Remove aluminum siding.

B. Strike another tool to force it through a doorjamb. (FF1CH09-10).

Positive-pressure attack is only effective if the location of the fire is known and: A. Both horizontal and vertical ventilation are possible. B. The appropriate exhaust-to-intake ratio (greater than 1 to 1) can be achieved. C. There are no nearby exterior exposures. D. Water is being applied to the seat of the fire.

B. The appropriate exhaust-to-intake ratio (greater than 1 to 1) can be achieved. (FF1CH11-12).

Nozzles should be stored with: A. Some water remaining inside so they don't rust. B. The control valve bale in the closed position. C. The control valve bale in the open position. D. The hoses inside apparatus compartments.

B. The control valve bale in the closed position. (FF1CH13-14).

Advancing an uncharged hoseline down a flight of stairs is only recommended when: A. The primary search has been completed. B. The fire is minor or not present. C. There is an immediate need for water. D. There are at least four firefighters on the hoseline team.

B. The fire is minor or not present. (FF1CH13-14).

What is the most obvious indicator that a location is the area of origin? A. It is the location with the least amount of damage. B. The location has the most damage. C. It is the highest point adjacent to the damage. D. The location is furthest from the exit.

B. The location has the most damage. (FF1CH15).

Which condition should be noted because it may be a potential sign of arson? A. The fire occurs in the middle of the night. B. There is a car blocking access to the fire hydrant. C. It is cold outside, and the furnace is operating. D. There are many bystanders at the scene.

B. There is a car blocking access to the fire hydrant. (FF1CH15).

What can be used to monitor the impact of ventilation and identify possible ventilation locations? A. Flexible ducts. B. Thermal imagers. C. Smoke control devices. D. Oxygen monitors.

B. Thermal imagers. (FF1CH11-12).

Which preconnected hose load has hose folds that are laid into the hose bed in an S-shape? A. Preconnected combination load. B. Triple layer load. C. Minuteman load. D. Preconnected flat load.

B. Triple layer load. (FF1CH11-12).

Which type of communications center equipment would be used for communications at an emergency scene? A. Direct-line telephones. B. Two-way radio system. C. Teletype (TTY). D. Municipal alarm box systems.

B. Two-way radio system. (FF1CH01-15).

When attacking fire in stacked and piled materials, _____, then apply water or Class A foam until extinguished. A. Advance until you are at least 10 feet (3 m) from the fire's edge. B. Use hooks or pike poles to break apart material. C. Apply Class B foam or clean agents. D. Advance until you are at least 5 feet (1.5 m) from the fire's edge.

B. Use hooks or pike poles to break apart material. (FF1CH13-14).

Which type of salvage cover is lightweight and practical for indoor or outdoor use, but is prone to melting when used to cover hot objects? A. Metal. B. Vinyl. C. Canvas. D. Cotton duck.

B. Vinyl. (FF1CH15).

Which method is used to quickly and easily advance charged hoselines at ground level? A. Triple layer line drag. B. Working line drag. C. Accordion line drag. D. Minuteman line drag.

B. Working line drag. (FF1CH13-14).

How should furniture be grouped during salvage? A. Items should be carried outside and placed in a secure, out of the way location. B. Items should be carried outside and stacked in an easily accessible location. C. A high piece of furniture should support the salvage cover in a way that allows water to run off and not collect in pools. D. Stack all items at the same height so that the salvage cover is evenly spread

C. A high piece of furniture should support the salvage cover in a way that allows water to run off and not collect in pools. (FF1CH15).

Why should firefighters be outside the fire compartment when making an indirect attack from the interior? A. Large volumes of water will make walking areas slippery and dangerous. B. The hose stream will not reach the target if it is inside the fire compartment. C. A large volume of steam will be created. D. The fire compartment will not be large enough to conduct an effective indirect attack.

C. A large volume of steam will be created. (FF1CH13-14).

Which situation would likely be granted an exception to the rule that prohibits filling an unshielded air cylinder while a firefighter is wearing the SCBA? A. The SCBA was manufactured within the past five to ten years. B. A firefighter with a higher rank than the firefighter wearing the SCBA cylinder is available to perform the refill. C. A rapid intervention crew (RIC) is rescuing a trapped or incapacitated firefighter. D. The firefighter filling the empty cylinder is wearing full structural personal protective equipment.

C. A rapid intervention crew (RIC) is rescuing a trapped or incapacitated firefighter. (FF1CH01-15).

Which of the following actions should be taken immediately when MAYDAY is broadcast? A. Personnel near the downed firefighter should proceed to assist with rescue. B. The MAYDAY crew is dispatched to locate the downed firefighter. C. All radio traffic ceases and only traffic relating to the MAYDAY is allowed. D. All assigned units are directed to assist with searching for the firefighter who has broadcast the MAYDAY.

C. All radio traffic ceases and only traffic relating to the MAYDAY is allowed. (FF1CH09-10).

When you are seeking to escape and you locate a window, you should: A. Break the window glass using heavy furniture in the room. B. Use an escape rope to descend from the window. C. Ask Command if opening the window will make interior conditions worse. D. Break the glass and lower yourself to the ground head first.

C. Ask Command if opening the window will make interior conditions worse. (FF1CH09-10).

Personnel should inspect all ropes after each use and inspect unused rope: A. At least once every six weeks. B. At least once a month. C. At least once a year. D. After exposure to open flame.

C. At least once a year. (FF1CH01-15).

What is the primary type of respiratory protection used in the fire service? A. High-efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA). B. Air-purifying respirator (APR). C. Atmosphere-supplying respirator (ASR). D. Closed-circuit breathing apparatus (CCBA).

C. Atmosphere-supplying respirator (ASR). (FF1CH01-15).

Which tools are used to open walls and floors during overhaul? A. Bale hooks. B. Pike poles. C. Axes. D. Plaster hooks.

C. Axes. (FF1CH15).

A recommended procedure regarding decontamination is to: A. Place contaminated equipment in the cab of the apparatus for travel back to the station. B. Ensure all equipment is thoroughly decontaminated before leaving the scene. C. Bag contaminated equipment for travel back to the station. D. Leave contaminated equipment at the scene for disposal.

C. Bag contaminated equipment for travel back to the station. (FF1CH15).

When performing forcible entry, it is important to: A. Use the largest tool available. B. Use handle extenders to provide more leverage. C. Be sure that other personnel are out of the immediate area. D. Position so your weight is on the back foot.

C. Be sure that other personnel are out of the immediate area. (FF1CH09-10).

If you handle, move, or gather evidence, you: A. Must immediately take it to the fire investigator. B. May be found guilty of a crime. C. Become part of the chain of custody. D. Will be responsible for filling out evidence reports about it.

C. Become part of the chain of custody. (FF1CH15).

Which element of the fire tetrahedron is included to explain flaming (gas-phase) combustion? A. Fuel. B. Oxygen. C. Chemical chain reaction. D. Heat.

C. Chemical chain reaction. (FF1CH01-15).

Which duty would likely be performed by a Fire Fighter I? A. Maintaining pumping apparatus. B. Determining the origin and cause of a fire. C. Cleaning and inspecting ground ladders. D. Supervising a group of new recruits.

C. Cleaning and inspecting ground ladders. (FF1CH01-15).

If you think your life is in immediate danger, transmit the MAYDAY signal and then: A. Provide personnel accountability report. B. Call the rapid intervention crew. C. Communicate your situation to the IC before activating your PASS device. D. Activate your PASS device before communicating your situation to the IC.

C. Communicate your situation to the IC before activating your PASS device. (FF1CH09-10).

Once the area of origin of a fire has been determined, the next step in the process is to: A. Establish the evidentiary chain of custody. B. Set up perimeter boundaries. C. Determine the cause of the fire. D. Contact the fire investigator.

C. Determine the cause of the fire. (FF1CH15).

What can happen if excess steam is produced inside the structure as a result of applying water on the fire? A. Pyrolysis process speeds up. B. Transition from fuel-limited to ventilation-limited conditions. C. Disruption of the thermal layering. D. Increase in the potential for backdraft or flashover.

C. Disruption of the thermal layering. (FF1CH01-15).

What are chutes designed to do? A. Carry salvage tools from the apparatus to the structure. B. Act as a basin for storing water runoff. C. Drain water runoff out a window or door. D. Cover doors and windows after openings have been made.

C. Drain water runoff out a window or door. (FF1CH15).

Corrosion can occur to fire hose couplings when: A. They are made from aluminum rather than brass. B. The metal freezes and is not immediately thawed. C. Exposure to a substance weakens the metal over time. D. The couplings are dropped or dragged on the ground.

C. Exposure to a substance weakens the metal over time. (FF1CH01-15).

When compared with a narrow-angle fog pattern, a wide-angle fog pattern: A. Is less affected by wind than a narrow-angle fog pattern. B. Has more forward velocity than a narrow-angle fog pattern. C. Has a shorter reach than a narrow-angle fog pattern. D. Is more effective at suppressing fires than a narrow-angle fog pattern.

C. Has a shorter reach than a narrow-angle fog pattern. (FF1CH01-15).

Which piece of equipment provides a more secure means to handle charged hoselines when applying water? A. Hose ramp. B. Chafing block. C. Hose strap. D. Hose roller.

C. Hose strap. (FF1CH13-14).

What challenge may firefighters face when performing salvage in a commercial occupancy? A. Property owners are often on site and can be a distraction. B. Valuable merchandise may be damaged by covering it. C. It can be difficult to cover large displays and stocks. D. The rooms are likely to be small and hard to maneuver.

C. It can be difficult to cover large displays and stocks. (FF1CH01-15).

As part of general nozzle inspection and maintenance, firefighters should: A. Replace the swivel gasket each time after use. B. Be able to perform technical maintenance or repairs. C. Look for external damage to the nozzle body and tip. D. clean the nozzle with industrial strength cleaner after each use.

C. Look for external damage to the nozzle body and tip. (FF1CH01-15).

In order to make the process of loading large diameter hose (LDH) more efficient,: A. It should always be loaded in a flat load. B. It should be loaded in just one side of a split hose bed. C. Many apparatus are equipped with an LDH hose roller. D. Many apparatus are equipped with separate LDH hose beds.

C. Many apparatus are equipped with an LDH hose roller. (FF1CH11-12).

When fire suppression and salvage are performed simultaneously, opening and closing doors to carry building contents outside: A. Should be done after conclusion of all other salvage operations. B. Should have no effect on fire growth. C. May interfere with the flow path. D. Wastes time and effort, so doors should be propped open.

C. May interfere with the flow path. (FF1CH15).

A _____ can be carried completely on the shoulder and clear of the ground, which makes it less likely that the hose will catch on obstacles. A. Horseshoe load. B. Combination load. C. Minuteman load. D. Triple layer load.

C. Minuteman load. (FF1CH11-12).

Hose that is stored in the fire apparatus bay: A. Will last longer than hose that is stored elsewhere. B. Does not require inspection as frequently since it is not exposed to direct sunlight during storage. C. Must be inspected and cleaned more frequently due to exposure to oil, gasoline, and airborne contaminants. D. Is less likely to be damaged than hose stored elsewhere.

C. Must be inspected and cleaned more frequently due to exposure to oil, gasoline, and airborne contaminants. (FF1CH11-12).

When performing positive-pressure ventilation in commercial and multistory buildings, a main problem in above ground operations is coordinating the: A. Search and rescue efforts. B. Property conservation efforts. C. Opening and closing of doors in stairwells used to ventilate the building. D. Operations with other ventilation types.

C. Opening and closing of doors in stairwells used to ventilate the building. (FF1CH11-12).

What type of truss is constructed of wood or metal and is generally used to support flat roofs and floor assemblies? A. Bowstring truss. B. Gusset truss. C. Parallel chord truss. D. Purlin truss.

C. Parallel chord truss. (FF1CH01-15).

The part of the coupling where it attaches to the hose is called the: A. Spanner. B. Higbee cut. C. Shank. D. Higbee indicator.

C. Shank. (FF1CH11-12).

A _____ is an example of a striking tool used for forcible entry. A. Kelly tool. B. Pick-head axe. C. Sledge hammer. D. Pike pole.

C. Sledge hammer. (FF1CH01-15).

When ventilating flat roofs, the most common openings are: A. Triangular. B. Straight lines. C. Square or rectangular. D. Circular or oval.

C. Square or rectangular. (FF1CH01-15).

When a large smoldering item, such as a mattress, is encountered during overhaul, it is often most effective to extinguish it by: A. Leaving it in place and covering it to smother the oxygen. B. Using Class B foam. C. Taking it outside the structure to extinguish. D. Applying water to it using a straight stream.

C. Taking it outside the structure to extinguish. (FF1CH15).

Why should ventilation be immediately followed with exterior or interior fire attack to cool gases and surfaces in the fire room? A. The ventilation crew is already in position to perform fire attack. B. Fire will enter ventilation-limited decay when water is applied. C. The greater the time between ventilation and application of water, the greater the fire's growth. D. Ventilation will cause the fire to go into decay, making it easy to extinguish.

C. The greater the time between ventilation and application of water, the greater the fire's growth. (FF1CH11-12).

Why is it dangerous to work below the hot gas layer without attempting to cool it? A. The hot gas layer will continue to raise and cause damage to the ceiling and floors above. B. The hot gas layer can break open windows, creating ventilation issues. C. The smoke contains fuel, and it may ignite at any time. D. The hotter the gas layer is, the more toxic the fumes are.

C. The smoke contains fuel, and it may ignite at any time. (FF1CH13-14).

A dry-barrel hydrant only has water in it when: A. A clapper valve has been opened. B. The temperature outside is above freezing. C. The stem nut is operated to open the control valve. D. A water main has broken.

C. The stem nut is operated to open the control valve. (FF1CH13-14).

Everyone at an emergency scene should follow two basic communications rules, the first of which is: A. Always state your message twice to ensure its understanding. B. Key the microphone and wait a second or two before starting your message. C. Units or individuals must identify themselves in every transmission. D. Hold the microphone as close as possible to your mouth when speaking.

C. Units or individuals must identify themselves in every transmission. (FF1CH01-15).

Rippled wallpaper and peeling paint are possible indicators of: A. Immediate threat of flashover. B. Impending structural collapse. C. Arson. D. A fire hidden behind a wall.

D. A fire hidden behind a wall. (FF1CH15).

Which type of hose fitting would be used to connect two male couplings or two female couplings to each other? A. Reducer. B. Siamese. C. Wye. D. Adapter.

D. Adapter. (FF1CH01-15).

When does the secondary search take place? A. As soon as resources are available. B. Before fire suppression operations. C. During fire suppression operations. D. After the fire is under control.

D. After the fire is under control. (FF1CH01-15).

In which situation would a standpipe need to be improvised by stretching a hoseline up an interior stairwell or up the side of the building? A. The building is in a location without a hydrant nearby. B. The existing standpipe is more than 50 years old. C. The building on fire is taller than three stories. D. An earthquake renders the existing standpipe inoperable.

D. An earthquake renders the existing standpipe inoperable. (FF1CH13-14).

Partial or total structural collapse could be a direct result of: A. Creating a hole in a load-bearing interior wall of a fire-weakened structure. B. Opening the door of a building that contains a ventilation-limited fire. C. Breaking window glass to gain access to the building's interior. D. Breaching a load-bearing exterior wall of a fire-weakened structure.

D. Breaching a load-bearing exterior wall of a fire-weakened structure. (FF1CH01-15).

What should you do if you become entangled while trying to evacuate a building? A. Wait calmly for another firefighter to find you. B. Remove your SCBA and cut the wires. C. Contact the rapid intervention crew by radio. D. Broadcast a MAYDAY, then attempt to free yourself.

D. Broadcast a MAYDAY, then attempt to free yourself. (FF1CH09-10).

What causes water hammer? A. Closing the nozzle slowly. B. Increasing the length of the hose lay. C. Decreasing the length of the hose lay. D. Closing the nozzle suddenly.

D. Closing the nozzle suddenly. (FF1CH01-15).

The Fire Fighter I has the responsibility to: A. Determine vertical ventilation locations. B. Assign ventilation tasks. C. Determine horizontal ventilation locations. D. Communicate observations about performing ventilation.

D. Communicate observations about performing ventilation. (FF1CH01-15).

Which is true when preserving the fire scene? A. Once the fire has been extinguished, firefighters must leave the scene so that fire investigators can preserve evidence. B. Evidence should be moved to a central location as quickly as possible to facilitate efficient investigation. C. A Fire Fighter I is qualified to preserve evidence and to determine the cause of the fire in arson incidents. D. Control of evidence must be maintained as part of the chain of custody.

D. Control of evidence must be maintained as part of the chain of custody. (FF1CH15).

How can mechanical damage to hoselines be avoided? A. Dry hose on the highest temperature setting. B. Open nozzles and valves quickly. C. Always fold the hose in the same position. D. Deploy hoselines away from debris.

D. Deploy hoselines away from debris. (FF1CH01-15).

How can mechanical damage to hoselines be avoided? A. Always fold the hose in the same position. B. Open nozzles and valves quickly. C. Dry hose on the highest temperature setting. D. Deploy hoselines away from debris.

D. Deploy hoselines away from debris. (FF1CH11-12).

What can happen if excess steam is produced inside the structure as a result of applying water on the fire? A. Transition from fuel-limited to ventilation-limited conditions. B. Pyrolysis process speeds up. C. Increase in the potential for backdraft or flashover. D. Disruption of the thermal layering.

D. Disruption of the thermal layering. (FF1CH13-14).

Which type of specialized fire company is assigned to a pumping apparatus and performs suppression duties at structure fires? A. Rescue company. B. Ladder company. C. Brush company. D. Engine company.

D. Engine company. (FF1CH01-15).

In order for life safety rope to be reused in life safety situations, it must NOT be: A. Made of block creel construction. B. The same color as utility rope. C. Stored in apparatus compartments. D. Exposed to heat or direct flame.

D. Exposed to heat or direct flame. (FF1CH01-15).

When would a single firefighter be assigned to operate an attack hoseline? A. Attic fire. B. Standpipe operations. C. Basement fire. D. Fire in a trash pile.

D. Fire in a trash pile. (FF1CH13-14).

Negative pressure ventilation involves artificially lowering pressure inside the structure so that: A. Fresh air from outside will not enter. B. Smoke and fuel gases will have limited movement. C. Smoke and fuel gases move toward lower-pressure openings more quickly. D. Fresh air from outside moves in more quickly.

D. Fresh air from outside moves in more quickly. (FF1CH11-12).

Never use a power saw: A. When a handsaw could accomplish the task. B. When wearing SCBA. C. In subzero temperatures. D. In a flammable atmosphere.

D. In a flammable atmosphere. (FF1CH09-10).

When performing a positive-pressure attack, the exhaust openings must be located: A. On the main floor of the structure. B. On the upwind side of the structure. C. On the downwind side of the structure. D. In the fire compartment.

D. In the fire compartment. (FF1CH11-12).

When an extinguishing agent is determined to be safe and effective for use on combustible metals, it will: A. Include the test results on the faceplate. B. Be given a numerical rating based upon the amount of fire it can extinguish. C. Be a different color than extinguishers designed to extinguish other classes of fire. D. Include application instructions on the faceplate.

D. Include application instructions on the faceplate. (FF1CH01-15).

Plaster or gypsum wall covering on interior walls: A. Is designed to provide structural stability to the compartment. B. Can cause increased fire spread within the compartment. C. Requires the use of power saws to be breached. D. Is designed to provide fire resistance and limit fire spread within the structure.

D. Is designed to provide fire resistance and limit fire spread within the structure. (FF1CH09-10).

What vehicle hazard may require you to isolate the area and request assistance of a hazardous materials team? A. A hybrid-electric battery. B. Fire in the engine compartment. C. Downed electrical lines. D. Large-capacity saddle fuel tanks.

D. Large-capacity saddle fuel tanks. (FF1CH13-14).

In order to conduct an effective search operation, firefighters must know the: A. Location of the nearest water supply. B. Age of the building. C. Time the next apparatus will respond. D. Layout or floor plan of the building.

D. Layout or floor plan of the building. (FF1CH09-10).

What marking or label does NFPA 1931 require to be on all ladders? A. Balance point stripe. B. Recommended end of service date. C. Reflective white tip. D. Manufacturer's name plate.

D. Manufacturer's name plate. (FF1CH01-15).

When properly worn, fire fighting gloves: A. Offer minimal protection against heat and embers. B. Lay flat beneath the wristlets of the protective coat. C. Will protect the firefighter from exposure to hazardous materials. D. Must completely cover the wristlet of the protective coat.

D. Must completely cover the wristlet of the protective coat. (FF1CH01-15).

Experience at emergency incidents has shown that, in addition to background noise, _____ can significantly affect the ability to hear and understand radio transmissions. A. Time of day. B. Experience of the individual. C. Age of the individual. D. Personal protective equipment.

D. Personal protective equipment. (FF1CH01-15).

Which type of lugs are shallow holes drilled into booster hose couplings that require a special spanner wrench to tighten? A. Rocker lugs. B. Pin lugs. C. Extended lugs. D. Recessed lugs.

D. Recessed lugs. (FF1CH11-12).

The purpose of salvage operations is to: A. Remove harmful contaminants and toxic gases from the atmosphere. B. Locate and extinguish fires hidden in concealed void spaces. C. Determine how and why the fire started. D. Reduce further damage to the building and its contents from water, smoke, and heat.

D. Reduce further damage to the building and its contents from water, smoke, and heat. (FF1CH15).

Which type of lock is mounted on the inside surface of the door and is used as a supplemental lock for doors? A. Electromagnetic lock. B. Cylindrical lock. C. Mortise lock. D. Rim lock.

D. Rim lock. (FF1CH09-10).

Which statement describes inspection of salvage covers? A. Salvage covers do not require inspection since they are disposable. B. Salvage covers must be sent back to the manufacturer periodically for inspection. C. Salvage covers must be cleaned using a special solution and then dried completely before they can be inspected. D. Salvage covers should be inspected for damage after they are dry.

D. Salvage covers should be inspected for damage after they are dry. (FF1CH15).

How can you help rescuers find you if you are forced to shelter in place? A. Leave all doors open and marked to indicate your location. B. Do not go far from your assigned area. C. Remain in the fire compartment. D. Shine a light through available windows to draw attention to your location.

D. Shine a light through available windows to draw attention to your location. (FF1CH09-10).

While in a structure searching for a downed firefighter, the RIC should: A. Radio to Command as they head from one room to another. B. Start the search closest to the fire. C. Open closed doors in order to prevent backdraft. D. Stop frequently and briefly remain silent.

D. Stop frequently and briefly remain silent. (FF1CH09-10).

The structural integrity of a building is most affected by the intensity of the fire and: A. The ambient weather conditions. B. The number of personnel operating on upper floors of the building. C. Whether an accelerant was used to start the fire. D. The amount of water used for extinguishment.

D. The amount of water used for extinguishment. (FF1CH15).

What is a disadvantage of the flat hose load? A. It is the most difficult hose load to make. B. It can only be used with small diameter hose. C. The hose is more likely to be damaged from apparatus vibration. D. The hose folds contain sharp bends.

D. The hose folds contain sharp bends. (FF1CH11-12).

Which is an unsafe action that can cause injury to firefighters? A. Cutting through wooden structural materials with a pick-head axe. B. Using multiple types of power tools to cut a material. C. Cutting through cables with bolt cutters. D. Using a cutting tool to cut a material for which it was not designed.

D. Using a cutting tool to cut a material for which it was not designed. (FF1CH09-10).

When performing hydraulic ventilation, set the fog nozzle on a pattern: A. That directly wets an area around the firefighter on the nozzle. B. Narrow enough to direct smoke and gases out the exhaust. C. That varies between wide and narrow. D. Wide enough to cover the exhaust opening.

D. Wide enough to cover the exhaust opening. (FF1CH01-15).

Which describes a crown fire? A. Fast-moving fires in surface fuels such as moss and grass clippings. B. Slow-moving, crawling fire in low-lying grass and vegetation. C. Smoldering fires that can go undetected for months before they start flaming. D. Wind-driven, high-intensity fire that moves through the tree tops.

D. Wind-driven, high-intensity fire that moves through the tree tops. (FF1CH13-14).