Fire in the Field Unit 2

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When is relative humidity usually at its minimum? Early morning Mid-day Afternoon Sunset Late evening

Afternoon

Factors of topography that can influence fire ignition and spread include Steepness of slope and slope aspect Elevation Position of fire on slope Shape of terrain and barriers All of the above

All of the above

Fuel factors that affect the start and spread of wildland fire include Fuel type Fuel loading Fuel availability All of the above B and A only

All of the above

Fuel indicators that might indicate extreme fire behavior include Unusually dry fuels or fuels exposed to direct sunlight A large amount of continuous light fuels A concentration of snags and/or crown foliage dried by surface fire over a large area Ladder fuels that will allow a surface fire to move into the crowns of brush or trees All of the above

All of the above

Hazards of a thunderstorm include Strong winds Lightning Erratic fire behavior All of the above

All of the above

Some indicators of extreme fire behavior include A bent smoke column or a change in the direction of the smoke column Firewhirls or dust devils The breaking up of an inversion or smoldering fires over a large area becoming more intense All of the above A and B only

All of the above

The weather factors that may produce rapid fire spread include Thunderstorms and cold fronts Slope winds, including foehn winds Strong winds and/or whirlwinds All of the above B and C only

All of the above

Weather indicators that may indicate possible fire spotting include Strong, gusty downdraft winds from thunderstorms Strong, shifting winds from a cold front passage Firewhirls and dust devils All of the above A and B only

All of the above

Weather indicators that might indicate extreme fire behavior include Strong winds or sudden changes in wind direction or velocity due to fronts Thunderstorms that may cause gusty downdraft winds Unusually high temperatures and low relative humidity All of the above A and B only

All of the above

Wind affects fire spread by Increasing the supply of oxygen Influencing the direction of the fire Causing spotting Drying fuels, making them more flammable All of the above

All of the above

Topography indicators that might indicate extreme fire behavior include Natural barriers such as lakes, rivers, and rock outcroppings Chutes, saddles, and box canyons that provide the conditions for the "chimney effect" Steep slopes that allow fire to spread upslope and narrow canyons that increase the possibility of spotting All of the above B and C only

B and C only

______________ is an example of a barrier A pine plantation A road The fireline B and C only

B and C only

To control a fire, we must "break the triangle" or Remove the hydrogen Remove the carbon dioxide Limit or eliminate any side of the triangle Remove the fuel, the oxygen, or the heat source Both C and D are correct

Both C and D are correct

The three ways heat can transfer to fuel are Convection, radiation, conduction Radiation, moisture exchange, convection Crowning, convection, conduction Springing, crowning, peaking None of the above

Convection, radiation, conduction

As relative humidity decreases, fuel moistures Increase Decrease

Decrease

As the cold front passes, which side of a fire is threatened most? N to NE E to SE

E to SE

A north facing slope aspect will have more fire activity than a south facing slope aspect. True False

False

Box canyons cause fairly safe fire conditions because they tend to smother the flames. True False

False

Two types of horizontal arrangement of fuels are topical and sub-surface. True False

False (horizontal are patchy or uniform)

The rate at which dead fuel gains or loses moisture is called Light fuels Ladder fuels Surface fuels Fuel timelag

Fuel timelag

The vertical arrangement of ladder fuels describes what? Fuels that link surface materials to the upper canopy. The fuels lying beneath the surface. Fuels lying on or above the ground. All green and dead materials located in the upper canopy.

Fuels that link surface materials to the upper canopy.

Look at the picture and choose the type fuel that best describes what you see. Grass Shrub Timber litter Logging slash

Grass

The fire triangle represents the three elements needed for fire to exist, which are Fuel, water, and oxygen Heat, carbon dioxide, and fuel Heat, fuel, and oxygen Hydrogen, oxygen, and heat None of the above

Heat, fuel, and oxygen

Look at the picture and choose the type fuel that best describes what you see. Light fuel Heavy fuel

Heavy fuel

Look at the picture and choose the type fuel that best describes what you see. Light fuel Heavy fuel

Light fuel

Which type of fuel is most affected by a change in relative humidity? Heavy fuels Light fuels

Light fuels

Look at the picture and choose the type fuel that best describes what you see. Grass Shrub Timber litter Logging slash

Logging slash

As a cold front approaches from the northwest, which side of a fire is threatened most? NW to NE SW to SE

NW to NE

Look at the picture and choose the type fuel that best describes what you see. Uniform fuels Patchy fuels

Patchy fuels

As wildland firefighters, the heat transfer methods we are most concerned with are Conduction and convection Crowning and peaking Springing and crowning Radiation and convection Radiation and conduction

Radiation and convection

Look at the picture and choose the type fuel that best describes what you see. Grass Shrub Timber litter Logging slash

Shrub

All combustible materials lying on or immediately above the ground are called Light fuels Ladder fuels Surface fuels Fuel timelag

Surface fuels

Look at the picture and choose the type fuel that best describes what you see. Grass Shrub Timber litter Logging slash

Timber litter

It is more difficult to predict fire behavior based on weather, since it is more subject to change than topography, which is more constant. True False

True

Narrow canyons may cause dangerous fire conditions because heat radiation could easily ignite the fuel on the opposite side. True False

True

On the south aspect of a slope, the mid-afternoon slope winds tend to be strong upslope winds, but at midnight they are most often light, downslope winds. True False

True

Relative humidity, precipitation, and wind can all affect fuel moisture. True False

True

The National Weather Service (NWS) issues Fire Weather Planning Forecasts (FWF) as well as fire weather watches and red flag warnings. True False

True

The steeper the slope, the faster the fire spreads uphill. True False

True

Three principal environmental elements that affect fire behavior are fuel, weather, and topography. True False

True

Wind is one of the most important influences on fire behavior. True False

True

Look at the picture and choose the type fuel that best describes what you see. Uniform fuels Patchy fuels

Uniform fuels


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