Firefighting Strategyy & Tactics mid term
What is the most abundant gas produced at any fire?
Carbon dioxide
Sodium, potassium, and calcium are all considered to be Class __________ fire materials.
D
__________ originate with a governmental agency and have the force of law
Regulations
What is the first thing the roof division should consider when getting onto a rooftop
Second means of egress
What type of valve is used to ensure that water can flow in only one direction?
clapper
When confronted with a situation that has NOT been experienced in the past, it is best to use the __________ decision-making model.
classical
Water cannot be __________; therefore, it can be forced to move by applying pressure.
compressed
Published documents that do not mandate compliance are commonly referred to as:
consensus standards.
When a building is found to be structurally unstable, it is recommended to use the __________ attack mode.
defensive
When water converts to steam, it can smother the fire by
displacing oxygen
The primary concern for fire fighter safety when fighting fires in upper floors is the lack of
egress.
Most basements have only one:
entrance
The Incident Command System should only be implemented on incidents requiring five or more companies
false
When firefighters vent for __________, they are facilitating an advance into the fire area
fire
The building's __________ includes all combustible contents within a building
fire load
Balloon-frame homes built after 1940 usually have __________ in the walls.
firestops
A(n) __________ consists of a freestanding masonry wall that penetrates a roof structure
firewall
In a mixed occupancy, the occupancy with the highest threat should be listed:
first
Which floor should be searched first when a basement fire is found?
first floor
A strike team is a combination of __________ _________ resources
five like
Heated gases that have ignited and appear as fingers of fire that begin to roll across the ceiling are called:
flashover
When all of the combustibles within a room have ignited, the room is said to have reached:
flashover
The __________ can become the weak link when structural members are exposed to fire
floor joists
What type of nozzle, if its stream is applied incorrectly, is most likely to disturb the natural thermal layers of a fire?
fog
In a __________ lay, the engine company lays the hose from the water source to the fire scene.
forward
Engine companies should be placed so that aerial apparatus have access to the __________ of the structure
front
Dry chemical extinguishers extinguish Class B and C fires by:
interrupting the chemical chain reaction.
In the event of a fire fighter death, the incident must be:
investigated.
A model of how people make quick, effective decisions based on past experience when faced with complex situations is known as:
recognition-primed decision making.
The final phase in preincident planning is:
regularly updating the plan.
Which fire spread method produces heat waves that move in a straight line from the fire?
. Radiation
Pump discharge pressure is determined by adding the nozzle pressure plus appliances plus elevation gain/loss plus
. friction loss.
__________ absorbs heat or requires heat to be added.
An endothermic reaction
What term is used when fire spreads from one window to a window above?
Autoextension
The pressure on a water distribution system during ordinary demand is known as __________ pressure
normal operating
Strategic goals are accomplished by more specific functions known as tactical:
objectives
A fog nozzle most often requires an operating pressure of __________ pounds per square inch
100
How many Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives are there?
16
At 212 °F, water expands __________ times its original volume.
1700
It is recommended that a minimum of __________- inch hose be used to supply a sprinkler or standpipe system.
2 1/2
Normal breathing air contains __________ percent oxygen
21%
Smooth-bore handlines require nozzle pressure of __________ pounds per square inch.
50
A Class I standpipe system must be able to flow __________ gallons per minute for a minimum of __________ seconds.
500; 30
The __________ is a group of firefighters equipped and on stand-by near the emergency scene, prepared to rescue firefighters.
RIC or RIT
__________ occupancies are buildings that fabricate, assemble, or manufacture products
Factory/industrial
Which two types of extinguishing systems are used for flammable gases, grease, and flammable liquids
Halogenated and dry chemical
What are the two most common hazardous materials for which extinguishing foam is use
Hydrocarbons and polar solvents
A Class __________ standpipe system is for use primarily by building occupants.
I
The two most common building construction methods for one-and two-family dwellings are type __________ and type __________
III; V
Class __________ fires involve vegetable or animal oils.
K
Which organization is the source of consensus standards that are the expected level of performance for most in the fire service?
National Fire Academy
The __________ conducts investigations of fire fighter line-of-duty deaths to formulate recommendations for preventing similar occurrences
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
What type of ventilation involves opening doors, windows, skylights, and bulkhead
Natural
Which staff position is responsible for all tactical objectives and activities?
Operations
Which of the following valves has a visible threaded stem that controls its opening and closing
Outside screw and yoke
What type of truss is used for both roofs and floors
Parallel chord
What is the key to adapting strategy and tactics to different types of building materials and engineering changes?
Preincident planning
The incident priorities are
Property Conservation. Life Safety, Incident Stabilization
In what stage of fire does vertical ventilation precede forcible entry efforts?
Smoldering/decay
What type of nozzle is best suited for direct applications where reach and penetration are needed?
Smooth bore
What is NOT a step while performing vent, enter, and search (VES) after entering a window
Take out the entire window.
When utilizing a dry hydrant, the engine company must connect a hard suction hose to the hydrant and pull:
a vacuum
A(n) __________ is a device designed to speed the operation of a dry pipe system by bleeding off the pressure within the system.
accelerator
A __________ will ignite with an explosive force brought on by a sudden influx of oxygen
backdraft
Occupancies that store or manufacture highly combustible items are labeled __________ occupancies.
hazard
The assignment and function of a(n) __________ is a key component to minimizing risk and increasing overall scene safety.
incident safety officer
Hospitals and nursing homes fall under the __________ occupancy classification
institutional
When fire fighters move close to the fire area, they are in a(n)__________ attack mode
offensive
Trusses used in lightweight metal construction are used to span __________ areas in buildings.
large
The three basic steps in fire suppression are:
locate, confine, and extinguish.
The type of ventilation required is dictated by the:
location of the fire.
Ordinary construction is composed of __________ load-bearing walls with wood-joisted floors and a wood roof.
masonry
Smoke ejectors, fans, and HVAC systems are considered __________ ventilation.
mechanical
Tactical __________ satisfy tactical __________.
methods; objectives
What type of ventilation involves opening doors, windows, skylights, and bulkheads?
natural
When the stem of an outside screw and yokevalve is visible, the valve is:
open
The search for concealed fire areas is called
overhaul
A(n) __________ is used to ensure that all personnel are accounted for at benchmarks during the incident
personnel accountability report
The __________ section maintains current information, situational changes, and status of resources.
planning
Ketones and ethanols are
polar solvents
A __________ sprinkler system is used in locations where water damage must be prevented.
preaction
The four main types of sprinkler systems are wet pipe, dry pipe, deluge, and __________ systems
preaction
Fire spreads by four principal means: convection, __________, conduction, and direct flame impingement
radiation
The purpose of any command system is to provide structure, coordination, and
risk management.
The action caused by a Class K fire extinguisher is known as:
saponification.
A meticulous search of the entire structure for any missed occupants is known as the __________ search.
secondary
A __________ is the incident management system designation for the organizational level that has primary responsibility for one of the general staff functions and reports directly to the incident commander.
section
Evaluation of critical factors that can begin before the incident and continue throughout is known as
size-up.
Once a room has consumed all available oxygen, it enters the __________ phase.
smoldering
Because of the openness of one-and two-family dwellings, the most common danger is:
spread of smoke and fire.
Terminology for the organizational elements must be:
standard and consistent.
Unless adopted by an authority having jurisdiction, __________ do not carry the weight of law.
standards
A __________ is a broad statement of what needs to be accomplished on the fireground
strategy
A __________ is a specific function
tactic
When choosing to use a(n) __________ as a water supply option, it is important that the resources available match the water supply need.
tender shuttle
Offensive and defensive strategies should never be performed simultaneously on the same structure
true
_______ command is a structure used to manage an incident involving multiple jurisdictions.
unified
Which of the following terms refers to a technique used by fire fighters to remove smoke and heat from a structure?
ventilation
Unless the fire has extended to the attic, __________ ventilation is not necessary in one- and two-family dwellings.
vertical
What type of ventilation is discouraged when fighting manufactured home fires?
vertical
In the communications model, the medium can be oral, __________, or written.
visual