Fit Prog chap 10-13 quiz study

Methamphetamine is a drug that works through what mechanism in the body?

Central nervous system stimulant

Physiological addiction to nicotine is broken after only ________ days following your last cigarette.

3

Comprehensive reviews on the effects of aerobic exercise on blood pressure found that, in general, an individual can expect exercise-induced reductions of approximately:

3-5 mm Hg

Cigarette smoking is responsible for about ___ deaths in the United States each year.

480,000

Obese men and women have a more than _____ percent increased risk of dying from any form of cancer, and are more likely to have cancer reoccur after remission.

50

Researchers agree that as much as ___________ percent of all human cancer is related to lifestyle or environmental factors.

80

Regina wants to reduce her risk of cancer through physical activity. What intensity should aim for to have a significant effect on her overall risk?

At least moderate-intensity exercise

Which of the following is a hypothesized mechanism through which fat tissue increases cancer risk?

Fat affects tumor growth regulators

When proteins are cooked at high temperatures, amino acids are changed into _____ that collect on the surface of meats.

HCAs

The primary agents in reverse cholesterol transport are ____.

HDLs

Blaine has an addiction that is supported by his feeling that his addiction temporarily relieves stress, by societal endorsement as seen in advertising and cultural norms, and his own insecurity and self-criticism. What addictive behavior is Blaine likely engaging in?

The same general traits and behaviors are involved in all kinds of addictions

Which of the following falls into Group 1 of the IARC Classification of agents that may cause cancer? a. Caprolactam b. Red meat c. Glyphosate herbicide d. UV radiation

UV radiation

Type 2 diabetes _________. a. is found mainly in young people b. accounts for 90 to 95 percent of all cases of diabetes c. results when the pancreas no longer produces insulin. d. is primarily a result of a genetic predisposition

accounts for 90 to 95 percent of all cases of diabetes

The best prescription of controlling blood lipids is __________. a. a healthy diet b. aerobic exercise c. weight control d. all of these

all of these

What is cancer caused by? a. mutated tumor suppressor genes b. oncogenes c. inherited mutations d. acquired mutations over the lifespan e. all of these

all of these

Smoking cigarettes can lead to overinflated (obstructed) ____.

alveoli

A cancer-prevention diet should include:

ample amounts of fruits and vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, phytonutrients, and fish one to two times per week instead of red meat.

Growing evidence suggests that moderate exercise improves the ____________ system, which may play a role in preventing cancer.

autoimmune

An optimal level of LDL cholesterol is:

below 100 mg/dL

Eleanor has a glass or two of wine on most evenings, which (alone) increases her risk for cancer. Her risk is elevated even more because of a family history of __________.

breast cancer

About 65 percent of cancers are related to:

diet, obesity, and tobacco use.

Methamphetamine may reduce brain levels of the neurotransmitter ______________ , which can lead to symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease.

dopamine

Cigarette smoking increases death rates from:

heart disease, cancer, stroke, and aortic aneurysm

The risk of heart disease increases with:

high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, high concentrations of homocysteine, and high levels of hs-CRP.

Statin drugs

increase the liver's ability to remove blood cholesterol, decrease LDL cholesterol, slow cholesterol production, and help reduce inflammation.

Methamphetamine:

is a central nervous system stimulant

Cancer:

is primarily a preventable disease, is often related to tobacco use, has been linked to dietary habits, and risk increases with obesity.

Metabolic syndrome is related to:

low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, an increased blood-clotting mechanism, and an abnormal insulin response to carbohydrates.

Regular aerobic activity helps:

lower LDL cholesterol

The leading cause of deaths from cancer in women is

lumg cancer

What is the most common cancer in the United States?

lung cancer

A _________ is a low-dose x-ray of the breasts used as a screening technique for the early detection of breast tumors.

mammogram

The most widely used illegal drug in the United States is:

marijuana

The highest incident of prostate cancer is found in what group?

men over age 60

What type of dietary fat blocks the synthesis of tumor-promoting prostaglandins?

omega-3 fats

Type 2 diabetes is closely related to:

overeating, obesity, lack of physical activity, and insulin resistance

One of the most life-threatening effects of drinking is the ____________ action of alcohol when combined with other drugs.

synergistic

What lifestyle choice or condition is responsible for 30 percent of all U.S. cancer deaths?

tobacco use

Grace wants to decrease her chance of skin cancer. Which of the following is safe behavior for her to continue to engage in?

10-20 minutes of unprotected exposure during peak hours

In order for a cancer to develop and grow, a group of precancerous cells must secure oxygen and nutrients through what process?

Angiogenesis

Molly has been focusing on increasing her phytonutrient intake. What phytonutrient should she eat in order to keep carcinogens from binding to DNA?

Broccoli

What is the largest preventable cause of illness and premature death in the Unites States?

Cigarette smoking

Lanny wants to quit smoking by gradually cutting down. What guidelines should she follow to assist in her success?

Consider switching to a brand lower in nicotine, tar, or both.

A patient who is suspected to have overdosed on heroin is brought into the emergency department. What physiological response might you expect in this patient?

Decreased heart rate

Which of the following has had the greatest impact on the drop in cancer mortality rates in the United States?

Decreased smoking

What is the most important factor in quitting smoking successfully?

Desire to quit

Estrogen has been linked to increased risk of what kinds of cancers?

Endometrial and breast cancer

Which of the following is true of MDMA?

MDMA is currently undergoing approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

What group of drugs treats elevated cholesterol by inhibiting an enzyme that regulates the amount of cholesterol produced by the liver?

Statins

Larry has a cigarette first thing in the morning because he says it wakes him up. What is his reason for smoking?

Stimulation

Which of the following is consistent with research on diet and vitamin intake effects on cancer for Americans?

Strive for 10-20 minutes of unprotected sun exposure on most days between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.

What is the biggest carcinogenic exposure in the environment?

Tobacco and secondhand smoke

Smoking cessation results in:

a decrease in sore throats, improved gastrointestinal function, a decrease in risk for sudden death, and a heightened sense of taste

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates have declined in the last 50 years due to _________. a. better blood pressure control b. increased statin use c. lower smoking rates d. all of these e. CVD rates have not declined in the last 50 years.

a. blood pressure control b. increased statin use c. lower smoking rates all of these??

Cocaine use:

can lead to sudden death

Cancer treatment becomes more difficult when:

cancer cells metastasize

The most common carcinogenic exposures in the workplace are to:

cigarette smoke and ultraviolet radiation from sunlight.

_______ is the largest preventable cause of illness and premature death in the United States.

cigarette smoking

What drug can cause dizziness, blurred vision, seizures, and high blood pressure with high doses, and may even cause a heart attack in individuals with no prior symptoms of heart disease?

cocaine

The risk for prostate cancer can be decreased by:

consuming selenium-rich foods, adding fatty fish to the diet, avoiding a high-fat diet, and including tomato-rich foods in the diet.

____________ is a condition in which the arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients are narrowed by fatty deposits, such as cholesterol and triglycerides.

coronary heart disease

The most common form of cardiovascular disease is

coronary heart disease (CHD)

Callie underwent a blood test to measure her homocysteine levels and the result was 14 µmol/L. This result is in the ________ range. a. desirable b. elevated c. mild elevation d. dangerously low

elevated

Treatment of chemical dependency is:

seldom accomplished without professional guidance

Cancer can be defined as:

uncontolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.

One symptom that can be taken as a warning sign for cancer is _________.

unexplained weight loss

The risk for breast cancer is higher in:

women with more than one family member with a history of breast cancer.

What level of HDL cholesterol indicated a lower risk for cardiovascular disease? a. < 40 mg/dl b. < 100 mg/dl c. 100-129 mg/dl d. ≥ 60 mg/dl

≥ 60 mg/dl

Cigarette smoking affects the cardiovascular system by _________.

increasing clustering of platelets

Nancy is hoping to prevent her chances of developing late-stage cancer by following a schedule of regular screenings. How should she approach obtaining screening for cancer prevention and early detection?

Become familiar with recommendations from multiple organizations

Which of the following is true of cancer? a. Cancer is a single disease. b. Cancer is the result of gene mutation and uncontrolled cell growth. c. Cancer is the leading cause of death in the United States. d. All of these are true.

Cancer is the result of gene mutation and uncontrolled cell growth

Physical inactivity contributes to lowered levels of which of the following? a. Blood pressure b. Body fat c. Cardiorespiratory endurance d. Blood lipids e. Metabolic syndrome

Cardiorespiratory endurance

Stroke is an example of which of the following? a. Cardiovascular disease b. Peripheral vascular disease c. Heart attack d. Coronary heart disease

Cardiovascular disease

Bernard is an older African American male. He has been physically inactive for the majority of his life and eats a diet high in red meat and low in fruits and vegetables. This has led to a large waist size. What specific cancer is he at risk for based on the above information?

Colon/rectum cancer

Which factor can contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome? a. Low blood pressure b. Low triglycerides c. Low LDL cholesterol d. Insulin resistance

Insulin resistance

The incidence of cardiovascular disease during the past 50 years in the United States has:

decreased

Ecstasy:

increases heart rate and blood pressure

Coronary heart disease:

is the single leading cause of death in the United States, is the leading cause of sudden cardiac deaths, is a condition in which the arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients are narrowed by fatty deposits, and accounts for approximately 20 percent of all deaths in the United States.

To reduce risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), what kind of fat should be limited in the diet?

Saturated fat

The depletion of what neurotransmitter may be a clue as to why the prolonged use of MDMA impairs verbal and visual memory?

Serotonin

Data show that each MET increase in cardiorespiratory endurance decreases the risk of a fatal heart attack by what percent?

15 percent

Within how much time do positive effects of smoking cessation begin to happen in the body?

20 minutes

Approximately what percent of smokers are able to successfully quit on the first attempt?

20 percent

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for what percent of all deaths in the United States?

28.5

As a part of a coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention program, saturated fat intake should be kept below _____ percent of the total daily caloric intake?

6

The American Cancer Society estimates that what percent of cancer deaths result from environmental toxins?

6 percent

The percentage of lung cancer attributed to cigarette smoking is:

80 percent

What percentage of lung cancer is attributed to cigarette smoking?

80 percent

Which of the following decreases risk of stroke? a. Male gender b. African American race c. Normal range blood pressure d. Increased saturated fat and sodium consumption

African American race (incorrect correct) Normal range blood pressure (actual correct)

According to the Addictive Behavior Questionnaires, which of the following is an indication that you may have a problem and should contact a physician, counseling center or local mental health clinic? a. An individual misuses prescription drugs. b. A combination of behavior or characteristics indicates a problem. c. An individual's friends or relatives mention they have a drug problem. d. An individual depends heavily on others.

A combination of behavior or characteristics indicates a problem.

Which of the following substances is NOT an object of chemical dependency? a. Ecstasy b. alcohol c. cocaine d. heroin e. All choices are objects of chemical dependency.

All choices are objects of chemical dependency.

Smoking increases risk of which of the following? a. Heart attacks b. Peptic ulcers c. Pancreatic cancer d. All of these

All of these

Which of the following cancers is associated with cigarette smoking? a. Lung cancer b. Pancreatic cancer c. Stomach cancer d. All of these

All of these

Which of the following is a potential source for addiction? a. Illicit drugs b. Work c. Smartphones d. All of these

All of these

Which of the following is an early warning sign for cancer? a. Sore that does not heal b. Difficulty in swallowing c. Unexplained weight loss d. All of these

All of these

Which of the following is NOT a warning signal for cancer? a. change in bowel or bladder habits b. nagging cough or hoarseness c. a sore that does not heal d. indigestion or difficulty in swallowing e. All of these are warning signs for cancer.

All of these are warning signs for cancer.

What percent of yearly deaths in the United States are attributable to cardiovascular disease? a. Less than 5 percent b. Between 20-22 percent c. Approximately 28 percent d. About 10-12 percent

Approximately 28 percent

Which statement best describes the relationship between drinking alcohol and the risk of developing breast cancer? a. Even one drink per day slightly enhances breast cancer risk in women. b. Drinking alcohol is unrelated to risk of breast cancer. c. The risk for breast cancer begins at two to three drinks per day. d. Alcohol does not directly damage DNA, but it does increase damage done by tobacco.

Even one drink per day slightly enhances breast cancer risk in women.

Incidence of cardiovascular disease has declined by almost 47 percent between 1960 and 2015. Data indicate that most of the risk-factor improvement is due to which of the following? a. Maintenance of normal weight range b. Better prevention and management of diabetes c. Decreased in saturated and trans fat in American diets d. Health education

Health education

Which of the following is likely to have the greatest negative affect on the autoimmune system and therefore render the body less effective in dealing with various cancers?

High levels of stress

Jack's father suffered a fatal heart attack at age 53 while Julie's mother died of heart disease at age 66. This family history indicates that ____. a. Julie has a greater risk for heart disease b. Jack has a greater risk for heart disease c. Jack and Julie have an equal risk for heart disease d. neither Jack nor Julie have a greater risk than someone with no such family history

Jack has a greater risk for heart disease

Which of the following is one of the top 12 recommendations for a cancer prevention lifestyle released by the American Cancer Society?

Limit the consumption of processed charred, or well-done meats

More than half of illicit drug users begin by experimenting with what drug?

Marijuana

Which of the following is an object of chemical dependency? a. Illicit or illegal drugs only b. Almost anything, including behaviors such as shopping or work c. Marijuana d. All of these

Marijuana

_________ is the movement of cancerous cells from one part of the body to another.

Metastasis

What type of chemical tags can be added directly to DNA to switch genes off?

Methyl groups

What type of genes control the type of cell being created from DNA as well as the frequency of cell division?

Proto-oncogenes

What is the first step in treatment of addiction?

Recognizing the reality of the problem

Gwenda is concerned about skin cancer and assessing risk on a specific mole. What characteristics of the mole is NOT a warning sign of melanoma?

Rough texture

Jorge has several of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), including an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, a high body mass index, and hypertension. According to the CHD Risk Factor Analysis, which risk factor carries the heaviest numeric value? A family history of cardiovascular disease b. The unhealthy diet c. Having a body mass index of 38 d. Smoking 30 cigarettes per day

The unhealthy diet