Floral chapter 1 2 3
Foundation colors
the primary colors - red, yellow and blue - from which all other hues on the color wheel are created.
Hue
the property that gives a color its name, such as red, blue, yellow or green.
Color wheel
the standard color wheel or circle has twelve colors, including primary, secondary and tertiary colors, a simple and useful tool for the designer
colonial style
the typical floral arrangement of this period is a massed, rounded or fan-shaped bouquet that is casual, open, and home-spun in style. Dried flowers and grasses were often included with fresh cultivated flowers. fruits and flowers were often placed on dining table around floral centerpiece. period that includes the settlement of the early colonies in America through Federal period (1607-1835). also called Colonial Williamsburg.
nosegay
tight grouping of flowers, herbs and foliage in hand-held bouquet. =tuzzy-muzzy, tussie-mussie and posie bouquet.
Monochromatic color scheme
uses one hue from color wheel and my include its tint,s tones and shades.
Discordant color scheme
using four colors that are widely separtated on the color wheel. Care in color proportion and hue intensity and value must be taken when using unrelated hues. Examples of discordant schemes include double complement, alternate complement, and tetrad.
Achromatic
without color. Any gradation of white, gray or black
Teriary colors
3rd or intermediate colors created by mixing a primary with an afacent secondary, named for the parents colors such as blue green and red-orange.
Color in Design
= Balance, Depth, Focal Point, Rhythms, Harmony and Unity.
Intensity
= Chroma or saturation
Grand era
= French period.
Deisgn process
= Thinking + Observing + Practicing
Tertiary colors
= intermediate color = primary + adjacent secondary color= red-orange, yellow-green, blue-violet
Tone
= neutralized version of color
tussie-mussies
= nosegay
Secondary color
= orange, green, violet
Value
= shade (adding black darkens a color), tint (white lightens a color)
Transition
A method of achieving visual rhythm. Gradation and sequencing
Art Nouveau period
A modern stylistic movement based on the flowing lines of nature that flourished principally in Europe and the US around 1890-1910. These floral arrangements are often characterized by lavish cascading asymmetric waterfall-style designs.
Chinese style
A respected floral art form featuring unstructured, naturalistic designs using seasonal plant material. Arrangements are symbolic and generally include the use of a dominant vertical element and also the use of a more delicate horizontal element.
Dutch-Flemish style
A style of floral arranging copied from the paintings of the Dutch and Flemish artists of the 17ths and 18th centuries. Typical floral arrangements are massed and overflowing with use of many varieties and colors of flowers (including tulips) facing in all directions. for authenticity in recreating this type of design, many accessories are generally placed around a lavish floral bouquet, including fruits, bird nests, and shells.
Art Deco
A term derived from 1925 Paris exhibition Les expositions des Arts Decoratifs; known during the 1920s and 1930s as modernistic. General term describing architecture, furniture, decorative arts, and floral arrangements having strong, streamlined geometric forms, lines and patterns including zigzags, pyramids, and sunburst motifs. Floral designs feature geometrically bold containers and form flowers and foliage. The arrangements are formal linear or high style in appearance.
bough pot
A vase for branches or cut flowers. Often refers to the large container used to hold flowers set in the fire-place during summer months.
Greek period
Floral style of this time were garlands and wreaths, Flowers were scattered on the ground during festivals. Fragrance and symbolism was of utmost importance.
English-Georgian period
Georgian, refers to period in England during reigns of George I, II and III. Floral style during this period included simple hand-held bouquets that were carried for fragrance. Floral arrangements were symmetrical and ranged from small to large with great varieties of fragrant flowers. A variety of containers was used, including Wedgewood, metal and glass.
French period
Grand Era, 17th and 18th centuries in France during the reign of Louis XiV. this style was influenced by the dutch Flemish style, with emphasis on classic form, refinement and elegance, rather than overdone flamboyance. Highly ornamental vases were used to hold tall fan shaped, rounded, triangular bouquets. Often termed French Rococo, this style was extravagant, using symmetry, shells, rocks, and all manner of elaborate decoration.
Properties of Color
Hue, Value, and intensity
Color Theme
Monochromatic (on e color), Analogous (several color)
bas-reliefs
Sculpture in which figures are carved in a flat surface so that they project slightly from the back ground.
Greek revival
The final phase (1825-1845) of the neo-classic style in America. floral designs were generally large and symmetrical, containers reflected the classic styles of the Greeks and Roman period.
Complementary color scheme
The use of any two hues located opposite each other on the color wheel
contemporary
Those arrangements that are currently in fashion, popular and representative of leading trends in creativity. A generic term for whatever is the current trend or on the leading edge in floral design.
cornucopia
a basket or other container shaped like a horn or cone overflowing with fruit and vegetables, flowers, foliage, and grain. introduced during the Greek period, the cornucopia is known as the symbol for abundance. also referred to as a horn of plenty. Floral arrangements are often made in cornucopia containers during the autumn, particularly for THanksgiving.
Triadic color scheme
a color scheme using 3 colors that are equidistant from one another on the color wheel. The combination of red, yellow and blue is triadic scheme.
Split complementary color scheme
a color scheme using one hue together with the two colors that are adjacent to the direct complement.
Analogous color scheme
a color scheme utilizing several adjacent colors on the color wheel, such as yellow, yellow-orange, and orange
Floral art
a creative form of expression using flowers and but not always, a container, foliage and accessories, while incorporating the principles of harmony and unity, a floral artist is one who displays expertise or great proficiency and unusual perception in creating beautiful, stunning, extraordinary, and often bizarre floral designs.
free-form expression
a design that is not confined to any geometric shape and generally emphasizes line and texture.
Double complement color scheme
a discordant color scheme using two pairs of complementary colors.
Wedgewood
a fine ceramic ware popular during English-Georgian period, named after the English potter Josiah Wedgwood. It depicted ancient Greek and ROman designs and was manufactured with special holds and openings for stems, specifically to hold flowers.
Alternate complement color scheme
a four-color scheme combining a triad and the direct complement of one of the colors.
Tetrad color scheme
a gour color scheme in which th e four colors a equidistant from one another on the color wheel
Composition
a grouping or organization of different elements to achieve a unified whole
terra cotta
a hard, brownish-red, usually unglazed earthenware used for containers and sculpture.
Chroma
a measure of the intensity or purity of a hue, also called saturation. The relative brilliance or dullness of a color
Repetition
a method of obtaining rhythm by repeating similar elements throughout a design
Design
a planned organization of elements to suit a specific purpose
Harmony
a pleasing relationship among the parts and elements of a design
baroque
a powerful and imaginative art and design direction during 17th and 18th centuries in Europe characterized by elaborate and massive decorative elements and curved rather than straight lines. a reaction against the severe classic style. Floral arrangements typical of the Baroque period are tightly massed and overflowing, displaying a rhythmic asymmetrical balance.
Unity
a principle of design; the relationship of individual elements or parts to each other which produces a unified whole. The effect created by the cohesive placement and use of material in which the whole is greater than its parts.
chaplets
a wreath or garland for the head, customarily made from flowers and foliage. Introduced in ancient times.
garlands
a wreath, woven chain or festoon of flowers, leaves or other material worn on the head or used as decoration
Continuation
also referred to as transition, a method of achieving unity in design by planning a gradual change from one element to another, causing continuous eye movement
Theme
an overall feeling, style or message that a floral designs suggests, such as a floral design with a "baby girl" theme. All parts are harmonized to create the intended theme.
Tone
any color to which gray has been added, tones often have gray, dusty, dull or frosty appearance.
Tint
any color to which white has been added creating light colors and pasterl hue.
Shade
any hue to which balck has been added. A dark colored hue.
Egyptian period
appr 2800-28 B.C, the floral style was simplistic, repetitive and highly stylized. Flowers and fruits were placed in carefully alternating patterns. Chaplets, wreaths, garlands and flower collars were also popular.
Related color sheme
based on a common hue that acts as a unifying element; the colors forming a related scheme may be variations of only one hue or may be variations of several adjacent hues on the color wheel' visually har monious but may be boring; examples include monochromatic and analogous.
Contrasting color scheme
based on unrelated colors from distant parts of the color wheel, visually exciting with great variety, examples include complementary, split complementary, and triadic
Cool colors
blues, greens, and some purples, and colors containing these hues; associated with water and ice, generally restful, peaceful and soothing. Coool colors are receding and fade into the backgoround.
Intensity
chroma
Saturation
chroma
Hue
color wheel
Warm colors
colors (hue) composed of yellow, orange, and red hues. Associated with warm things like the sun and heal. Also referred to as advancing colors.
Neutral colors
colors that are not located on color wheel but influence those that are. Generally black, white and grays, tan and ivory.
earthenware
containers, tableware, and other items made of coarse, brown or red clay. after firing, earthenware is porous and non durable unless treated with a glazed finish. Generally, earthenware is coarse-textured and heavy.
epergne
eh-PURN. an ornament stand with several separated dishes or trays used as a table centerpiece for holding fruits and flowers, popular during Victorian era.
Early American style
floral arrangements made in the Early American style are simple and charming, using native plant material, such as wildflowers, weeds, and grains. Representative of the early american period (1620-1720), containers are generally simple utility jugs, pitchers and other kitchenware made from pottery, copper and pewter
Roman period
flowers were used to make garlands and wreaths. the use of plant material was more elaborate than in previous Greek and Egyptian period. Fragrance and bright colors were important for flowers.
Japanese style
general term for linear floral design characterized by 3 main lines or sections.
faience
glazed earthenware named for Faenza, Italy, where it was originally manufactured.
delftware
glazed earthenware, also called delft, usually blue and white in color. it originated in Delft, a city in west Netherlands. A delftware brick is rectangular box with a perforated top or grill for flowers. originally produced in late 1500s it again flourished into the mid 1700s. Delft of early 1600s imitated Chinese porcelain.
posy holders
hand bouquet holder made from various material. manufactured to hold tied nosegays, making them less cumbersome and longer lasting.
ewers
large water pitcher with wide mouth, used for holding flowers.
Mille de Fleur
literal translation: thousand flowers. General term for a mass floral bouquet with many colors and flowers juxtaposed in an arrangement
European styles
loose term generally referring to full, massed bouquets that use to great variety of flowers and colors, in contrast to the oriental style.
oriental style
loose term referring to line designs including both chinese and Japanese styles, as well as designs that resemble these styles. The oriental style use few material and emphasize simplicity, form line and texture.
Value
measurement of the amount of light reflected from a colored object; refers to the lightness or darkness of a color.
Romantic era
name for Victorian era in America, from 1845-1900
Proximity
near in space
Secondary colors
orange, violet and green. Formed by mixing two primary colors together.
Renaissance
period in Europe after Middle ages. beginning in Italy in 14th cen, it was marked by humanistic and classical period in which and unprecedented flourishing of the arts occurred. Floral arrangements characteristic of the REnaissance period were massed in tight symmetrical shapes. Colorful flowers were often combined with fruits and vege. many types of container were used including urns, jugs, and bowls. also well known as a single stem of white lily (Madonna lily) in simple container. flower were symbolic with religious themes.
Victorian era
period named for Queen Victoria, who reigned in England from 1837 to 1901. floral arrangements are characterized as being massive, overdone, and flamboyant. Containers were highly decorative and gaudy.
Middle Ages
period of european history btw ancient and modern time. also known as Medieval period and Dark Ages. Little is known of floral art during this time. However, fragrant flowers were highly favored for strewing on the ground, freshening the air, and for making wreaths and garlands.
Feral period
political, social and decorative formation era in America following Revolutionary war. Floral arrangements during this period were style after ancient classic designs as well as elaborate European massed, symmetrical bouquets.
bosom bottles
popular during the Victorian era, small containers made to hold flowers worn in the décolletage
Primary colors
red, yellow and blue. These three colors are equidistant on the color wheel
Primary Color
red, yellow, blue = foundation color
Byzantine period
referring to Byzantium, an ancient city, and the Byzantine Empire in the southeast Europe and southwest asia (A.D. 395-1453). Byzantine floral designs reflect the decorative style of the mosaics. Symmetrical, stylized tree compositions were introduced during this time, as evidenced through mosaics.
neoclassic style
revival simulating the ancient classical designs of Greece and Rome, influence by the French style of design, floral designs are generally symmetrical, tall, and large, often pyramidal or fan-shaped, noted for using formal, elegant and ornate containers.
Style
slender column of tissue which arises from the top of the ovary and through which the pollen tube grows. Also, a recognizable form of design or school of thought, the end result.
period style
term used to designate a single item or a complete arrangement style prevalent in specific country at a particular time in history.
Intermediate color
tertiary colors
décolletage
the neckline or top of a dress cut low to bare the neck and shoulders.
