Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance - Exam 1

when you assess a person with hypervolemia what things will you find related to the heart, skin, respiratory, and neurologic?

HEART: increased pulse (bounding), distended neck veins (JVD), weight gain, increased BP SKIN:pale, cool to touch, pitting edema RESPIRATORY: increased respiration, SOB with exertion, crackles in the lungs NEUROLOGICAL: altered LOC, headache, weakness, visual disturbances

when you assess a person with hypovolemia what things will you find related to the heart, and neurological system?

HEART: orthostatic hypo-tension, increased heart rate, weak pulses, neck and hand veins are flat NEUROLOGICAL: mental status changes, confusion, lethargic

to treat severe fluid deficit in the body you would give?

IV replacement

what are the 2 types of hypovolemia?

actual loss and relative loss

when assessing a person with hypovolemia what things will you see?

concentrated urine with a dark color and there will not be much urine, there will be weight loss of 1/2 pound per day. Also, skin changes will be poor skin turgor, there will be tenting of the skin, dry mucous membranes, and dry lips, dry flaky skin, fissures in the tongue

excessive amount of fluid in the interstitial space is called?

edema

what is hypervolemia?

excess of body fluid which dilutes the electrolytes

what are the causes of hypervolemia?

excessive fluid replacement in the hospital, renal failure, heart failure, long term corticosteroid therapy, water intoxication

what is hypovolemia?

fluid intake is less than what is needed to meet the body's fluid needs and it results in a fluid volume deficit

what is anasarca?

generalized edema such as the legs, face or eyelids

edema tends to follow ______.

gravity

anasarca usually is related to problems with the?

heart or kidneys

what are some things that will cause edema?

increased capillary permeability, increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, heart failure, sodium and water retention, renal disease, decreased capillary oncotic pressure, liver disease, lymph obstruction

to treat mild fluid deficit in the body you would give?

oral hydration

describe the skin that has edema.

skin is often tight and shiny

what are the risk factors for getting hypovolemia?

surgery, gastroenteritis: this is (vomoting or diarrhea), liver disease, renal disease, diabetes (polyuria), vigoruous exercise, difficulty swallowing, diuretics, nasogastric tube suctions