Fluid & Electrolytes

The nurse receives an order to prepare the solution for administering a cleansing enema to a 3 year old child. Which is the volume of solution the nurse would prepare?

250-350 mL

Which result of edema will result in a 6-mm deep indentation upon pressure application?

3+

Which percentage of total body water is found in a premature newborn?

85%

To be a universal recipient, a person must have which blood type?

AB O= Universal dOnOr

The nurse is administering serum albumin intravenously to a client with ascites. In response to this therapy, which client problem would the nurse expect to decrease?

Abdominal girth

The ammonia is excreted by healthy kidneys, which mechanism usually is maintained?

Acid base balance of the body

Which hormonal deficiency causes diabetes insipidus in a client?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which nutrient deficiency in the pregnant adolescent may result in decreased birthweight as a consequence of low bone mineral density in the fetus?

Calcium

Which collecting structure is located at the end of the renal papilla?

Calyx

The nurse administers a parenteral preparation of potassium slowly to avoid which complication?

Cardiac arrest

The clients intravenous (IV) site is tender with erythema, warmth, and mild edema. Which action will the nurse take?

Change IV site

Which finding during peritoneal dialysis would the nurse act on as a sign of infection?

Cloudy return of dialysate

Which component of the client's nephron acts as a receptor site for the antidiuretic hormone to regulate water balance?

Collecting ducts

What is the action of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Decreases water loss in urine

Which conclusion would the nurse make about the assessment finding of a client's very pale yellow colored urine?

Dilute urine

Which relationship between a client's burned body surface area and fluid loss would the nurse consider when evaluating fluid loss in a client with burns?

Directly proportional: There is a greater extravasation of fluid into the tissues as the amount of tissue volume increases. Thus the relationship of fluid loss to body surface area is directly proportional.

A client is admitted for dehydration, and an intravenous (IV) infusion of normal saline is started at 125 mL/h. One hour later, the client begins screaming, "I can't breathe!" How would the nurse respond?

Elevate the head of the bed and obtain vital signs

A client's intravenous (IV) infusion infiltrates. Which factor would the nurse recognize as the cause of the infiltration?

Failure to secure the catheter adequately

Which symptom indicates a client with inhalation anthrax is in the fulminant stage?

Hematemesis

A client is receiving furosemide to relieve edema. The nurse will monitor the client for which adverse effect?

Hypokalemia

Which clinical manifestation occurs in a client with vasopressin deficiency?

Hypotension

Which physiological alteration would be expected with a higher than normal red blood cell (RBC) count?

Increased blood viscosity

Which statement regarding calcitonin is correct?

It's actions are opposite to that of parathyroid hormone

Which element excessively accumulates in the blood to precipitate the signs and symptoms associated with a diabetic coma?

Ketones as a result of rapid fat breakdown, causing acidosis

In which components of the nephron unit does furosemide decrease fluid reabsorption? Select all that apply.

Loop of Henle Distal tubules Proximal tubules

A client takes furosemide and digoxin for heart failure. Why would the nurse advise the client to drink a glass of orange juice every day?

Maintaining potassium levels

Which clinical finding would the nurse associate with hypokalemia?

Muscle weakness

Which assessment finding in a client signifies a mild form of hypocalcemia?

Numbness around the mouth

Which physical assessment maneuver is the nurse performing when placing the nurse's left hand under on the client's right lower back between the rib cage and the iliac crest?

Palpation

Which hormone regulates calcium levels?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

What cation regulates intracellular osmolarity?

Potassium

In which parts of the kidney are glucose and amino acids reabsorbed?

Proximal tubule

Which action is promoted by vasopressin?

Reabsorption of water

Based on electrocardiogram (ECG), a client is suspected to have hypokalemia. Which test will be used to confirm hypokalemia?

Serum potassium level

When hypokalemia is suspected, which diagnostic test will the nurse use to confirm the diagnosis?

Serum potassium level

Which dietary restriction will the nurse expect to be included in the plan for a client with left ventricular failure?

Sodium

Which electrolyte deficiency triggers the secretion of renin?

Sodium

Twenty minutes after an infusion of packed red blood cells begins, the client complains of chest pain, difficulty breathing, and feeling cold. Which is the first action the nurse will take?

Stop the transfusion. Client is experiencing anaphylactic reaction.

While providing care for a client with a second-degree left ankle sprain, the nurse raises the injured part above the heart level. Which statement provides the reason behind this nursing intervention?

To prevent further edema

A child who has a history of a 5 lb (2.3 kg) weight gain in 1 week and periorbital edema is admitted with a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis. How can the nurse obtain the most accurate information on the status of the child's edema?

Weighing daily

Which gland is affected in aldosteronoma?

adrenal cortex