fluid and electrolytes

During an​ assessment, the nurse learns that a client who is seeking emergency treatment for a headache and nausea works in a mill without air conditioning. The current air temperature outside is 88​ degrees, and the client reports drinking water several times throughout the day because of heavy sweating. Based on this​ data, which instruction is most appropriate for the nurse to give the​ client?

"Eat something salty when drinking​ water."

The nurse is providing care to a client who is exhibiting clinical manifestations of a severe fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Based on this​ data, which of the following orders should the nurse anticipate from the healthcare​ provider? Select all that apply.

-administer diuretics -initiate IV therapy -initiate hypodermoclysis

The nurse reviewing lab results on one of her adult clients notices the​ client's serum sodium level is 150​ mg/dL. Based on this​ data, which interventions should the nurse plan for this​ client? Select all that apply.

-administer diuretics as prescribed -instruct on a low sodium diet

The nurse is concerned that a client diagnosed with a fluid imbalance is at risk for an alteration in perfusion. Which assessment data should indicate to the nurse that the client is not currently experiencing an alteration in​ perfusion? Select all that apply.

-capillary refill of nail beds 3 seconds -oriented to person, place, and time -peripheral pulses present and full

A client is admitted to the emergency department for vomiting and diarrhea that has lasted 4 days. The​ client's current weight is 154 pounds. The healthcare provider has diagnosed the client with a viral infection. The nurse has been monitoring intravenous fluids and urine output. Which urinary output would indicate that efforts to rehydrate this client have been​ successful?

40 mL per hour

Which of the following total serum calcium levels would be considered normal in an adult​ client? A. 9.88​ mg/dL B. 4.87​ mg/dL C. 7.03​ mg/dL D. 2.21​ mg/dL

9.88​ mg/dL

Which statement is​ true? A. A dehydrated client would be considered to be in a hypotonic state because the client would have a higher concentration of solutes in the body in relation to water. B. A dehydrated client would be considered to be in a hypertonic state because the client would have a lower concentration of solutes in the body in relation to water. C. A dehydrated client would be considered to be in a hypotonic state because the client would have a lower concentration of solutes in the body in relation to water. D. A dehydrated client would be considered to be in a hypertonic state because the client would have a higher concentration of solutes in the body in relation to water.

A dehydrated client would be considered to be in a hypertonic state because the client would have a higher concentration of solutes in the body in relation to water.

The nurse is caring for a client who is 3 days postoperative following an emergency appendectomy. The nurse is reviewing the​ client's lab values and notes that the​ client's calcium levels have increased since before the surgery. Which intervention should the nurse implement to decrease the​ client's possibility of developing​ hypercalcemia?

Assist the client in ambulating around the room at least three times daily.

A home health nurse is providing care for a client diagnosed with heart failure. The client is taking furosemide​ (Lasix). The nurse reviews the​ client's most recent serum​ potassium, which was 3.4​ mEq/L. Based on this​ data, which food should the nurse encourage the client to​ consume?

Banana

An older adult client is admitted to the hospital after a fall. The client is intermittently confused. Based on age and current​ data, which of the following conditions is the client most at risk for​ developing?

Dehydration

The nurse is reviewing the lab values for a client being cared for on the unit. The​ client's phosphorus level is currently 2.0​ mg/dL. Based on this​ data, which nursing intervention is most appropriate for the nurse to​ implement?

Encourage consumption of milk and yogurt.

________ is a process whereby fluid and solutes move together across a membrane from an area of higher pressure to one of lower pressure.

Filtration

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who is receiving intravenous fluids at 150​ mL/hr. Upon​ assessment, the nurse notes​ crackles, shortness of​ breath, and jugular vein distention. Based on this​ data, which complication of IV fluid therapy does the nurse​ anticipate?

Fluid volume excess

The nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a female client suspected of having a fluid imbalance. Which laboratory value should indicate a diagnosis of dehydration to the​ nurse?

Hematocrit​ 53%

The nurse is preparing to administer 20 mEq of potassium chloride to a client who has been vomiting. Which information about the purpose of this medication should the nurse explain to the​ client?

It is needed to maintain​ skeletal, cardiac, and neuromuscular activity.

The nurse on a​ medical-surgical unit completes the shift assessment for a client diagnosed with a multisystem fluid volume deficit. In the​ assessment, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing​ tachycardia, decreased urine​ output, and​ pale, cool skin. Based on this​ information, which should the nurse anticipate as the cause of the​ client's current​ symptoms?

Natural compensatory mechanisms

Which of the following lab values is indicative of​ hypokalemia? A. Serum potassium of 5.45​ mEq/L B. Serum potassium of 3.25​ mEq/L C. Serum sodium of 155​ mEq/L D. Serum sodium of 125​ mEq/L

Serum potassium of 3.25​ mEq/L

During an​ assessment, the nurse becomes concerned that an older adult client is at risk for dehydration. Which of the following assessment findings would cause the nurse to come to this​ conclusion?

The client reports ingesting two glasses of water each day.

The nurse is analyzing the intake and output record for a client being treated for dehydration. The client weighs 176 lb and had a​ 24-hour intake of 2000 mL and urine output of 1200 mL. Based on this​ data, which conclusion by the nurse is the most​ appropriate?

Treatment is effective and should continue.

A pediatric nurse is assigned phone triage for the shift. The nurse takes a call from the mother of a​ 3-month-old infant. The mother tells the nurse that the child has been vomiting and experiencing diarrhea for several days. Based on this​ information, which response by the nurse is most​ appropriate?

You should bring the infant in to be seen by the​ doctor."

Which of the following electrolytes would be classified as a​ cation?

potassium