Fluids and electrolytes
generalized edema (anasarca)
Fluid accumulation that affects the whole body rather than particular organs or body areas.
The nurse is caring for a client with a suspected diagnosis of hupercalcemia. Which sign/symptom would be an indication of this electrolyte imbalance ?
Generalized muscle weakness
The nurse is caring for a client who has been taking diuretics on a long term basis. Which funding should the nurse expect to note as a result of this long term use ?
Increased specific gravity of the urine
The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. Laboratory studies are performed and the serum calcium level is 12.0 mg/dL (3.0mmol/L). Based on this laboratory value, the nurse should take which action?
Inform the registered nurse of the laboratory value
The nurse is reviewing the health records of assigned clients. The nurse should plan care knowing that which client is at the least likely risk for the development of third spacing?
4. The client with diabetes mellitus
Body fluid composition
60% is fluid of that 2/3 is ICF, 1/3 is ECF (blood, CSF, etc), as we get older we have less fluid. Fetus-100%, baby-80, middle aged-70, elderly-50% fluid
The nurse is reviewing the health records of assigned clients. The nurse should plan care knowing that which client is at risk for a potassium deficit ?
4. The client receiving nasogastric suction
Edema
An excess accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space occurs a result of alterations in oncotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, capillary permeability, and lymphatic obstruction
The nurse is reviewing the health records of assigned clients. The nurse should plan care knowing that which client is at risk for fluid volume deficit ?
The client with a ileostomy
Extracelluar compartment
All fluid outside of the cells include : interstitial fluids, which is the fluid between cells(third spacing)
The nurse who is caring for a client with kidney failure notes that the client is dyspneic and crackles are heard when listening to breath sounds in the lungs. which additional sign/symptoms should the nurse expect to note in this client ?
An increase in blood pressure
The nurse is instructing a client on how to decrease the intake of calcium in the diet. The nurse should tell the client that which food item is least likely to contain calcium ?
Butter
The nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the clients around calcium level is 13 mg/dL (3.25mmol/L). Which prescribed medication should the nurse plan to assist in administering to the client?
Calcitonin
The nurse is reading the primary health care provider's PHCP's progress notes in the client's record and sees that the PHCP has documented insensible fluid loss of approximately 800 mL daily. Which client is at risk for this loss ?
The client with a fast respiratory rate
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Substance that once dissolved in solution ionizes: that is some of its molecules split or dissociate into electrically charged atoms or ions
Electrolytes
Measures volumes of fluids: liters L or milliliter (ml)
Metric system
Filtration
Movement from an area of higher pressure to and are of lower pressure
The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte results and notes that the potassium level is 5.4mEq/L ( 5.4 mmol/L). What should the nurse look for on the cardiac monitor as a result of this laboratory value ?
Narrow, peaked T waves
The nurse is caring for a client with leukemia and notes that the client has poor skin turgor and flat neck and hands veins. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. Which additional sign/symptoms should the nurse expect to note in this client if hyponatremia is present?
Postural blood pressure changes
The nurse reviews the client's serum calcium level and notes that the level is 8.0 mg/dL (2.0mmol/L). The nurse understands that which condition would cause this serious calcium level?
Prolonged bed rest
Intravascular Compartment
Refers to fluid inside a blood vessel
Th nurse reviews electrolytes values and notes a sodium level of 130 mEq/L (130mmol/L) . The nurse expects that this sodium level would be noted in a client with which condition?
The client with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte results and notes a potassium level of 5.5mEq/L (5.5 mmol/L ). The nurse understands that potassium value at this level would be noted with which condition?
Traumatic burn
hyponotic solution
When a solution contains a lower concentration of salt or solute than another more concentrated solution, it is considered hypotonic
isotonic solution
a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell
localized edema causes
due to: -impaired lymphatic drainage (lymphedema) -DVT (increased venous pressure due to blockage of venous return) -allergic rxn (localized inflammation response due to histamine release from mast cells)
intracellular fluid
fluid within cells
Body Fluid Compartments
intracellular and extracellular
osmotic pressure
pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane
third spacing
the accumulation and sequestration of trapped extracellular fluid in an actual or potential body space as a result of disease or injury
Osmolality
the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per kilogram.
hydrostatic pressure
the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel
Diffusion
the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
