Food and Human Environment Final

What is Jamaica known for?

"Jerk" foods; Blue Mountain Coffee Beans

3 principles of Filipino cooking

1. Never cook any foods by itself 2. Fry with garlic in olive oil or lard 3. Food should have a sour-cool-salty taste

Pakistan Food Practices regarding religion

98% Muslim --rules and laws deviate No pork No alcohol

Jainism Food Practices

All living things have souls Strict vegetarians

Hand Washing Etiquette

Always wash hands before eating AND AFTER EATING

Pacha an Iraqi soup

Arab (Persian)

Main difference between Turkish/Arab Cuisine

Arab cuisine lacks pork

Cooking technology in the Caribbean

Are underdeveloped due to year-round availability of food

Beef consumption in South America

Argentina- Hearty foods with emphasis on Beef eats more beef per capita than any other country worldwide

Role of digestion in health ( India, South Asia)

Ayurvedic medicine---Food transforms into humors when cooked by digestive fires (agnis) -Bile (pitta)- regulates metabolic activities and results in heat -Phlem -Wind -Hot/Cold: change with age, gender, physical condition, and weather -Winter: digestion is strongest- roasted, sour and salty or sweets preferred -Summer/Monsoons: digestion is weakest- avoid salty, sour and fatty foods Eat in a quiet atmosphere, sip warm water throughout meal and sit for a short while after the meal

Greece national dishes

Baklava Boiled leafy greens Chickpea soup Dips and spreads Fried Greek cheese Greek Salad

Pljeskavica

Balkan region (Serbia)

Typical Filipino celebration food

Bombay & Lechon (pig)

Feijoda completa

Brazil

Typical poor Native Indian meal

Cassava, tomatoes, chiles, with some salted fish

3 Foods introduced by foreigners to Chinese

Chile Peppers, Bananas, Nuts

Congee

China

Important fruit in cuisine

Coconut

Cai

Cooked meats/ vegetables, Shared bowl in the center of the table, adds flavor to the meal, Banquet must contain Cai

Moors y Cristianos

Cuba (Caribbean)

Filipino diet vs. other Asians

Diet higher in fat, sat fat and cholesterol than other Asians

Difference between Chinese/Japanese cuisine

Differs from Chinese in presentation and preparation. Raw foods in Japan. Cooked in China.

Chinese Chopstick etiquette

Don't: lick them, drop them, stick them straight up in bowl, lay them across the top of rice bowl, laying across bowl okay, DO NOT CROSS CHOPSTICKS

Indian traditional holiday celebration (choose 1 and describe how food is involved)

Dussehra- is a ten day holiday with special dishes prepared for each day leading to culmination of an enormous feast on the last evening after a torchlight parade of ornamented elephants

Indian Feast Days

Dussehra--10 day festival Special dish prepared each day and added to the dish prepared the day before Culminates with a large feast on the 10th day Torchlit parade of ornamented elephants

India meal pattern

Early risers drink rich coffee or tea boiled with milk and sugar. Breakfast- rice , a pickled fruit or vegetable and a sambar or dal dish. At 4:00-5:00 p.m. similar menu with the addition of coffee or tea. The main meal 7:00-9:00

Greece traditional holiday celebration (choose 1 and describe how food is involved)

Easter is the most important celebration for the Greeks, even more than Christmas. On Good Thursday or Good Saturday, women dye red eggs and bake buns.

Vegetarianism ( India-- South Asia)

Evolved slowly from Ancient Indian diet Ahimsa- Reverence for all life Large variety of fruits and vegetables Symbol of piety Necessity Religious observance 30% considered strict vegetarians May abstain from meat/poultry but not fish

Role of women and food

Feeding the family is the woman's primary duty Procurement, storage, preparation, serving Skills essential for good marriage proposals Women impart sweetness to food Woman of the home must serve the food from the stove to table (even with servants)

Imu

Fire built over stones lining a pit; Banana eaves or palm fronds added; Pig or other foods added; Cover with leaves; Sealed with dirt

Indian nutritional deficiencies/issues

Folate, which is needed for making DNA in new cells, also critical for spinal cord and brain development in embryos Iodine, which is needed for production of the thyroid hormone, which can lead to goiter, hypothyroidism and mental retardation in children whose mothers were iron deficient during their pregnancy

Mongolian Fare

Foods are similar but Japanese food differs in preparation and presentation. Each item is to be seen, tasted, and relished. Japanese food is meant to have visual appeal and reflect balance. They have a high number of imported goods.

Fan

Grain product of meal Foods made from grains, separate bowl to each diner, primary item of the meal, Meal must contain Fan

Foundation of East Asian diet

Grains

Indian staples

Grains and legumes are predominate in the vegetarian diet.

Lambrosomo

Greece

Metabolic Syndrome

High BP Low HDL's (good cholesterol) High triglycerides High stomach fat High BMI

Purity vs. Pollution

Hindu dietary customs lead to purity of mind/spirit Polluted foods avoided Jati- Classification system of spiritual purity of all foods Ingredients How and who prepares them How they are served Pure-- milk, raw foods, pakka, gheee Unpure-- alcohol, meat, all leftovers except untouched, garbage

Masalas/Curries

India (South Asia

Raytas

India or Pakistan

Foundation of Pacific Islander diet

Indigenous diet based on: breadfruit, taro, cassava, yams, pigs and poultry

Greece nutritional deficiencies/issues

Iron Vitamin D

Ackee Fruit

Is known for being poisonous

Religious influence on food Balkans v Middle East

Islam, Christianity, and Judaism dictate which foods may or may not be consumed. Ex. pork, or cheese and beef on fast days

Sushi

Japan

Chinese New Years

Kitchen God's lips are smeared with honey or offerings of sticky rice and his picture burned, all food prepared in advance Can't use knives, Deep-fried dumplings, steamed turnip, rice flour puddings

Japanese use of meat

Kobe beef- fed beer as appetite stimulant, and regularly massaged to remove stress Pork cutlets Chicken Small amounts of meat used

Indian national dishes

Naan Bread and Tandoori Chicken Bhapa with mustard seeds and spices. Rosematta

Differences in North/South India

North: Wheat, tea, eggs, garlic, dried/pickled fruit/veg, dry aromatic masalas, boiling, stewing, frying, items available seasonally. South: Rice, coffee, fresh pickles-chutneys, pachadi-seasoned yogurt, hot/spicy wet masalas, fresh fruit, veggies, herbs and spices, steaming

Greece Staples

Olives Fresh greens Bread Goat cheese, yogurt Eggplant, pine nuts, honey, tomatoes, and phyllo dough.

Poi

Pacific Islanders (Hawaiians/Samoans)

Typical Pacific Islander Meal

Poi, breadfruit, green bananas, fish or pork, greens or seaweed

Incan staple starch

Potatoes( Inca's 1st to cultivate it) yams, other tubers and roots, Yacon, Oca

Dairy consumption-- Middle East Balkans

Rarely served raw fresh milk is uncommon- used in puddings/custards; Fermented into yogurt; Side dish, served plain or mixed with cucumbers or other veg; Diluted into a drink; Processed into cheese (goat's, sheep's, camel's milk); Feta; haloumi ;kaseri- like provolone ;Kashkaval- cheddar of the Balkans

Japanese cuisine characteristics

Regarding food preparation and presentation each item is to be seen, tasted and relished and to reflect balance.

Foreign influence in Philipines

Spanish

Olives

Stronger flavor in the Middle East-- important ingredient Accompany meal or as an appetizer

Common staple grain

Wheat

Common Special occasion food-- Balkans/ Middle East

Whole Roasted Lamb or Sheep

Yianchi

Yiachni/yakhini- combine vegetables with tomatoes/tomato paste & sautéed onions+ water, cook until little liquid remains

Foreign influence in Brazil

a. Portuguese: Dried salt cod and very sweet desserts b. Africans: Dende oil, okra and spicy foods

Foreign influence in the Caribbean

a. Spanish: Cattle, goats, hogs, sheep, Rice, Breadfruit, coffee, limes, mangoes, oranges, Spices: ginger, nutmeg and mace LARD b. African: Akee, black eyed peas (cow peas), yams, okra and taro c. Asian: soybean, greens and lentils d. French: butter, roux used to thicken sauces and stews e. British: scallions, parsley, cilantro and thyme

Greece meal pattern

is not known for big breakfasts, typically includes bread, cheese, fresh fruit and coffee. Main meal eaten around 1:00 or 2:00 in the afternoon followed by rest period where businesses and schools close for people to stay home during the hottest part of the day. Late afternoon, Greeks help themselves to Mezethes. This consists of bread, fresh vegetables, cheese, olives, dips or soup. Greeks eat very late (10:00 p.m.) for a large dinner, unless a big lunch was had. Then they will eat small.

Poi

taro root paste, partially fermented

Souvlaki

thin slices of lamb on rotisserie, grilled, carved, served