food and religion
buddhism 5 precepts
abstain from taking life, abstain from taking what is not given, abstain from all illegal sexual pleasures, abstain from lying, abstain from consumption of intoxicants because they tend to cloud the mind
goals of hinduism
become one with the universal spirit or supreme being, then, human consciousness is liberated into a divine consciousness, liberation is accomplished over lifetimes through reincarnation, karma- ones present life is the result of what one thought or did in ones past life
protestantism
christmas and easter are main holidays, fasting is rarely observed
ramadan fasting recommendations
consume high fiber foods and soups for predawn meals, consume more fruits and vegetable to maintain electrolytes, consume plenty of fluids after dusk, limit fried foods and sugary sweets
jewish dietary laws
consume only permitted or clean animals, slaughter and preparation must follow kosher standards, fish that have fins and scales are permitted, law of meat and milk, forbidden parts, products and examination(no insect can be present on food that is eater, products from forbidden animals such as gelatin from pigs hooves is prohibited
dietary guidelines for seventh day adventist
diet in eden did not include flesh foods(lacto ovo vegetarian), no coffee, tea, alcohol or tobacco, water before or after instead of during meals, avoid highly seasoned meals or condiments, avoid eating between meals
ramadan
during this month all muslims past the age of 15 are required to fast from dawn to sunset, full month of fasting based of lunar calendar, no food no drink, fast is broken after sunset
islamic dietary laws
eating is a matter of worship and good health, muslims abstain from eating pork and pork products, no overindulgence(eat 2/3 of capacity), share food, never throw food away, wash hands and mouth before and after meals, right hand only for eating
mormons
fast one day per month, donate money saved during fast to the poor, encouraged to have one year of food and clothing in reserve
kosher
fit or proper to eat. the dietary laws are meant for spiritual health
orthodox jews
follow all jewish laws
Judaism
follow the laws of the torah, 3 types: orthodox, conservative, reform
seventh day adventists
founded in 1863 predicting the second coming of christ, the human body is the temple of the holy spirit, sickness is a violation of the laws of health, sabbath on friday night/saturday, vegetarianism is widely practiced
major eastern religions
hinduism, buddhism
caste system
idea was to construct an ideal society ranking people by spiritual progress and culture not wealth and power; 4 castes( brahmans- teachers/priests, kshatriyas-soldiers, vaisyas- merchants/farmers, sundras-laborers); Dalits(untouchables)- outside social recognition- term/practice outlawed by government in 1950
kosher food symbols
indicate the animal was slaughtered in accordance with the laws of kashrut, processed food must have an insignia, guarantees rabbinical supervision
major western religions
judaism, christianity, islam
reform jews
less likely to practice dietary laws or adhere strictly to the laws of the torah
hinduism
most live in india, the worlds oldest religion, most are vegetarian, the cow is considered sacred, water is the beverage of choice, fasting varies, 18 major festivals or feast days each year
US
most spiritually pluralistic country in the world
mormon laws of health
no alcohol(strong drink), no tea or coffee(hot drink), no tobacco, advised to eat meat sparingly and base their diet on grains
roman catholics
no dietary laws except fasting days(ash wednesday, good friday), feast days( christmas, easter, annunciation, palm sunday, mardi gras, ascension, pentecost) fridays of lent(no red meat, fish only) are the only dietary restrictions generally followed
eastern orthodox christianity
on fasting days no meat or animal products, no fish but shellfish allowed
buddhist dietary practices
restrictions vary depending on the section and country, many are lacto ovo but some eat fish, others abstain only from beef, if they did not personally kill the animal they may eat the flesh, fast days are for monks
3 branches of christianity
roman catholic, eastern orthodox, protestantism
jewish holidays
rosh hashanah, hanukkah, passover, yom kippur
islam
second largest group in the world, followers are muslims, founder is the prophet mohammed, based on the book of koran, each muslim directly responsible to god, allah
yom kippur
the day of atonemnet, holiest day of the year, a complete fast day no food or water only medications, meal before the fast is bland to prevent thirst, meal to break the fast is light
kashrut
the jewish dietary laws as set down by the torah
haram
unlawful or prohibited in islamic dietary laws, all swine and by products of these animals, blood and blood products alcohol or intoxicating drugs, improperly slaughtered animals, fish and seafood are exempt
conservative jews
usually follow dietary laws of judaism
