Foods and Nutrition Final
Explain how to store shelled nuts in the shell
Store shelled nuts in the refrigerator or freezer in an air light container. Nuts in the shell can be stored for a long time in a cool dry place.
Why are processed grains less nutritious than whole grain products
processing remove the bran and germ and the vitamins and minerals in them. Although some nutrients are restored through enriching an fortifying many ar lost.
What happens when you stir rice and over-stir other grains while cooking
Stirring and over-stirring scrapes off starches and makes rice and other grains sticky gummy or pasty.
Name 3 grains used in breakfast cereals
Wheat oats and com are used in ready-to-eat cereals and those that need cooking.
How do you obtain complete protein when eating legumes
When combined with grains legumes provide complete protein because by eating both you get all the essential amino acids needed for good health.
Name 8 different kinds of milk
Whole milk reduced-fat milk low-fat milk nonfat milk buttermilk Kefir chocolate milk flavored milk nonfat dry milk evaporated milk sweetened condensed milk,lactose-free or reduced-lactose milk act dophilus milk and calcium-enriched milk.
Define a cut
A cut is a specific edible part of meal such as steak chop or roast.
List 4 suggestions for cooking with tofu
Always cook over low heat: crumble and add to meatloaf, soups, stews ,casseroles and stir-fries, marinate and grill it: use it in taco dips. toppings; use it as a substitute in mayonnaise, sour cream and cream cheese.
List 3 benefits of eating tofu
Any 3 Tofu is an excellent source of complete protein.Tofu is low in sodium. contains no cholesterol. Tofu is a good source of B vitamins and Iron.Tofu absorbs the flavors of other ingredients well and is very versatile.
What is fresh cheese Name 4 types
Fresh cheese has not ripened or aged and is highly perishable. 4 types of fresh cheese are cottage cheese farmers cheese cream cheese and ricotta.
How long will most fresh meats keep in the refrigerator
Fresh meat will keep for 3 to 5 days. Use ground meat within 2 days and variety meats within 1 day.
List the grain products that should be refrigerated. Why should these products be kept refrigerated
Fresh pasta whole grains and whole grain products should be refrigerated. Whole-Grain products contain oil and can spoil at room temperature if not used quickly.
What is yogurt
Yogurt is a thick creamy custard-like product with a tangy flavor made by adding special, harmless bacteria to milk.
List the nutrients found in meat
Nutrients include protein iron zinc phosphorus, thiamin riboflavin niacin and vitamins B and E Meat can also be high in saturated fat.
How does cooking Bulgar differ from cooking other grains
Bulgar is cooked by pouring boiling water on it and letting it stand for 30 minutes.
Describe how buttermilk is made
Buttermilk is made by adding soecial bacteria to pasteurized nonfat milk to produce a tangy flavor and thick texture.
List 3 convenience forms of legumes
Canned packaged and frozen are convenience forms of legumes.
Explain the difference between good mold and bad mold
Carefully selected and controlled molds are added to blue-veined cheese to give characteristic flavor and appearances. All other molds that form on cheese are not safe to eat.
What are some problems that can arise when cooking with cheese. How can you avoid such problem.
Cheese can become tough and rubbery or its fat can separate if the cheese is overcooked. To avoid overcooking cut the cheese in small pieces or grate it. Cook it only until it melts.
What is cheese
Cheese is a concentrated form of milk.
Why are dry legumes more nutritious than fresh ones
Dry legumes are more nutritious than fresh because they are allowed to mature before dying.
list 4 varieties of rice based on processing method
Enriched or white rice, brown rice converted rice instant rice an wild rice are varieties based on processing methods.
Name 4 nutrients found in dairy foods
Nutrients include protein, vitamin A.riboflavin vitamin B. Calcium phosphorus and magnesium. Dairy foods may also be fortified with Vitamin D.
When cooking meat at what point should you begin testing for doneness
Start testing about 10 minutes before the end of the expected cooking time.
List steps for Roasting large tender cuts of meat
1st Place meat flat side up on a rack in an open shallow pan. 2nd Season the Meat and insert an oven-safe meat thermometer. 3rd Roast at 325. f without preheating the oven. 3rd Remove the roast from the oven when the temperature registers 5 degrees lower than the desired internal temperature. Let the roast stand for 15 to 20 minutes to allow the juices to set.
List 3 ways to cook less tender cuts of meat
3 ways cook less tender cuts of meat are braising pressure-cooking and slow cooking.
Explain the difference between frying and pan-broiling
Frying uses tender cuts in a small amount of fat uncovered in preheated skillet at medium heat.Pan-broiling is similar: however,fat is poured off as meal cooks at medium heal.
List 3 benefits of grains
Gains are versatile, nutritious flavor and can be included in any meal.
What part of the grain will grow into the plant
Germ
Describe the flavor of grade AA butter
Grade AA butter has a delicate , sweet flavor and a smooth, creamy texture.
Why is cooking grains in the microwave not preferable
Grains need time to absorb liquid and soften microwaving does not save time.
Name 2 regulations regarding ground beef
Ground beef cannot have more than 30 percent fat by weight. It may contain seasonings but no extenders or binders.
List 5 types of cream and their levels of milk fat
Half and half:Homogenized mixture of milk and cream with 101/2 to 18 percent milk fat. Light coffee or table cream: 18 to 30 percent fat. Light whipping cream: 30 to 36 percent milk fat.Heavy whipping cream: 30 to 36 percent milk fat. Heavy whipping cream: 36 percent milk fat. Sour cream: 18 percent milk fat.
What are the 3 most popular processed meats
Ham bacon,sausage and cold cuts.
How can you tell if bread is made from the whole grain
If the label says whole wheat. The product is made from the whole grain.Unless the label lists whole wheat or another whole grain as the 1st ingredient,the product is made mostly from white flour.
Why should bread be stored in the refrigerator in humid weather even if it may get stale.
In humid weather bread can become moidy.
Explain what kind of meat is successfully broiled
In order to successfully broil meat choose tender cuts such as steaks and chops that are at least 1/2 inch thick.Ham slices liver bacon and ground beef are also suitable.
How should you prepare legumes for cooking? What is the benefit of presoaking them.
Inspect legumes for damage and foreign material: remove any pebbles and stems: rinse legumes well in cold water several times to wash off field dust. rinsing until water is clear. Soaking legumes shortens cooking time.
List 2 benefits of eating legumes
Legumes are excellent source of protein fiber and carbohydrates and are very economical.
Name all Nutrients present in Legumes
Legumes are good sources of protein, Complex carbohydrates,dietary fiber iron calcium potassium and trace minerals.
What are Legumes
Legumes are plants whose seeds grow in pods that split along both sides when they are ripe.
Why should milk be stored away from light
Light destroys the riboflavin in milk.
Name 4 popular variety meats
Liver kidneys. chitterlings, pig's feet brains,heart tongue oxtails and sweetbreads.
Describe 3 types of rice
Long grain rice becomes fluffy when cooked and stays separated. Medium-grain rice is shorter becoming plump. tender moist and slightly sticky when cooked. Short-grain rice is round and has the highest content. It becomes very moist and sticky when cooked and is popular in Asian and italian cuisines.
Define marbling
Marbling is small white flecks of fat that may appear within the muscle tissue of meat.
Name 3 dairy substitutes
Margarine, soy milk, soy cheese,nondairy creamer, whipped topping and frozen desserts.
Meat is composed of what 3 things. Describe each of them
Meat is made up of muscle connective tissue and fat.Muscle has long thin cells that are bound with thin sheets of protein called connective tissue. These bundles form individual muscles. Connective tissue also anchors muscle to bone. Fat may surround the muscle or be inside the muscle tissue.
List 4 ways to tenderize less cuts of meat
Mechanical methods: grinding ,pounding, and cutting can tenderize meat. Chemical methods: acids added to a marinade or curing cooking to help tenderize meat. Commercial meat tenderizers can be sprinkled on meat to increase tenderness.
What are nuts and how are they used
Nuts are edible kernels surrounded by a hard shell. They are eaten as snacks and used as garnishes and used as garnishes in salads sandwiches,casseroles desserts and baked goods.
Describe the nutritional content of nuts
Nuts are high in protein,dietary fiber B vitamins,vitamin E ,calcium magnesium,potassium and various. They are low in sodium and high nut calories.
List 5 forms of nuts
Nuts can be purchased in the shell: shelled and blanched: shelled blanched and roasted or as nut pasted.
Describe what happens to meat when it is overcooked
Overcooked meat becomes tough and dry and may be difficult to cut and digest.
How does Pasta freeze best
Pasta freezes best with a sauce.
Describe pasteurization. What is its purpose
Pasteurization is a process of heat-treating milk to enzymes and harmful bacteria.It improves the keeping quality but doesn't change the flavor or nutritional value.
Name 2 common nuts that really are not nuts
Peanuts are legumes and almond seeds.
Describe the process that creates ripened cheese.List 4 groups of ripened cheese.
Ripened cheese is made by adding ripening agents such as bacteria ,mold or yeast. to the curds and then aging the cheese. Groups include firm, semisoft, soft and blue-veined
Describe scalded milk
Scalded milk is milk that has been heated to just below the boiling point.
What are seeds
Seeds are the edible dried kerneals of certain plants such as the sunflower.
list 2 ways to use seeds
Seeds can be eaten plain,used in cooking to add flavor ,used as a tasty garnish or used to add crunch to baked goods.
Explain the difference between inspection and grading
The Federal Meat Inspection Act requires that all meat shipped across state lines be inspected for wholesomeness. Grading however, is voluntary. Meat is graded according to quality standards that include the amount of marbling the age of the animal and the texture and appearance of the meat.
Why is whipped butter not recommended for baking
The added air changes the density of the butter.
List and Describe the nutrients in the whole grains
The endosperm is made of proteins and starches that supply the plant with food. The bran is rich in dietary fiber 8 vitamins and minerals. The germ provides unsaturated fats B vitamins vitamin E iron and inc as well as either minerals and phytochemicals.
What 3 pieces of information about meat are found on a price label
The price label identifies the type of meat: the wholesale out such as chuck and the retail cut such as steak.
Why is milk homegenized
This is done to prevent fat from separating and rising to the top of the milk as cream.
List the steps to cook pasta
To cook pasta boil water in a big pot and add the pasta slowly so the water continued to boil.Stir the pasta occasionally as it cooks to prevent sticking. Cook it until it is al dente or firm to bite and drain in a colander.
List the steps to cook rice
To cook rice bring water or another liquid to a boil.Add the rice cover and bring to a boil again. Reduce the heel, cover and simmer stirring as little as possible until the rice is moist and tender but firm, with no liquid left in the pot.
How do you keep milk from curdling when adding it to a hot liquid
To prevent milk from curdling pour some of the hot liquid into the milk 1st stirring constantly.Slowly add the milk to the remain mixture continuing to stir.
Explain how to cook split peas. Why shouldn't split peas be soaked.
Use 2 cups of water for 1 cup of peas.Boil for about 30 minutes until they are tender.Because of their thinner coat they cook faster. than dry beans; they don't need presoaking.
List 5 uses for grains
Uses of grains include: served plain: used in side dishes usd to thicken soups and slews: cooked and eaten hot as ceral: cooked into desserts by adding sweeteners of fruits.
In general how would you cook beans in a slow cooker
You do not have to soak the beans.Combine the beans with boiling with boiling water in the slow cooker mix well and cover. Simmer them on high for 3 to 6 hours depending on the bean.
