Forearm and Hand Workbook study guide
Which four carpals serve as attachment sites for the flexor retinaculum?
- Pisiform - hook of hamate - scaphoid tubercle - trapezium tubercle
What are the four surfaces of the carpals that can be palpated?
1. Palmar 2. Dorsal 3. Radial 4. Ulnar
The extensor digitorum creates movement at which fingers?
2nd - 5th
Which pinch is used when holding a pen to write?
3 Jaw pinch
Which action can you ask your partner to perform at the wrist to distinguish the brachioradialis from the extensor carpi radials?
Abduct
The head of the radius is stabilized by which ligament?
Annular
Palpating medial to the distal tendon of which muscle can help you locate the pronator teres?
Biceps brachii
Which muscle is a strong elbow flexor located Depp to the biceps brachii?
Brachialis
I am the largest carpal bone. I have a head, neck and body. I am considered the center of rotation for the carpal bones and the keystone of the cars transverse carpal proximal arch. I am integral to prehension.
Capitate #6 - largest carpal bone - center of rotation
Which extensor muscle can be palpated alongside the shaft of the ulna?
Extensor carpi ulnaris
To access the supinator, you must palpate deep ti which muscle group?
Extensors
The pisiform acts as an attachment site for which muscle?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
What muscle runs between the pisiform and the medial epicondyle?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
The eight carpals are located just distal to which topographical landmark?
Flexor crease
Which band of connective tissue forms the "roof" of the carpal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum
A hook-shaped protuberance is the distinct landmark used to isolate which carpal?
Hamate
I have a proximal pole, a hook, and a body. I have a lot of soft tissue to protect me, so I am rarely fractured.
Hamate #3 - HOOK Rarely fracture
Lister's tubercle is directly across -- perhaps an inch away -- from which bony landmark?
Head of the ulna
The elbow is composed of two joints, the ______________ and ________________ .
Humeroulnar and humeoradial
Which bony landmark serves as an attachment site for the tendons of the wrist and finger extensors?
Lateral epicondyle
Which pinch is used when grasping and turning a key?
Lateral pinch
Which two carpals located between the Lister's tubercle and the base of the third metacarpal and are the best palpated from the dorsal surface?
Lunate Capitate
I am present shaped and have a dorsal and palmar pole. My lateral and medial surfaces are flat. I play a major role in Kienbock's disease. I receive nutrient vessels from the dorsal and palmar ligament attachments. I bear 29% of the carpal load.
Lunate #5 - Kienbock's disease - crescent shaped
Which carpal bone can be felt on the ulnar/palmar side of the hand, just distal to the flexor crease?
Pisiform
I am shaped like a pea and have no role in carpal stability. I sit on another bone, or maybe it sits on me.
Pisiform - sits on another bone
Which two movements occur when the radius pivots back and forth around the ulna?
Pronation and supination
Which carpal forms the floor of the "anatomical snuffbox"?
Scaphoid
which two carpals are located just distal to the styloid process of the radius and felt upon adduction of the wrist?
Scaphoid
I am the second largest carpal bone and have a waist, and distal and proximal poles. My proximal pole has poor vascularity. My distal pole bears 25% and proximal pole 28% of the axial carpal load.
Scaphoid #1 - SECOND LARGEST
List all eight carpal bones
Scaphoid - some Lunate - lovers triquetrum - try pisiform - positions trapezoid - that trapezoid - they capitate - cannot hamate - handle
The styloid processes of the radius and ulna serve as important jumping off pints fri==or locating which group of the bones?
The carpals
I am saddle shaped with a large arc of motion, have several ligamentous attachments and I am frequently involved in CMC arthritis.
Trapezium - saddle shaped - several ligament attachments - CMC arthritis
I am one of the smallest bones. Only my dorsal and palmar surfaces are nonarticular for ligament attachments. My articular surfaces are at the base of the 2nd metacarpal and the scaphoid.
Trapezoid #2 - SMALLEST
The olecranon process serves as an attachment site for which muscle?
Triceps brachii
I am small and irregular in shape. I have a distal helical shape for articulation with the hamate. I don't articulate with any osseous structure proximally, and I bear 20% of the axial carpal load.
Triquetrum #7 - small and irregular shape
Which two structures pass through the Tunnel of Guyon?
Ulnar artery and ulnar nerve
Which muscle is located between the pisiform and the base of the fifth finger?
abductor digiti minimi
The distal tendons of which three muscles form the "anatomical snuffbox"?
abductor pollicis extensor pollicis longus and brevis
During pronation and supination, which ligament stabilizes the proximal end of the radius against the ulna?
annular ligament
Which muscle runs the length of the forearm but does not cross the wrist joint?
brachioradialis
Which forearm muscles comprise the "wad of three"?
brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Profundus: a Latin word meaning _________ used in medical names and descriptions.
deep
Opponens: any of several muscles of the hand or foot that tend to ...
draw one of the lateral digits across the palm or sole toward the others.
How many muscles act upon the thumb?
eight
When palpating the forearm, the muscle bellies of the _____________ group will feel smaller and more sinewy than the _________________ group.
extensor flexor
With the forearm in anatomical position, the ________ group is located on the posterior/lateral side, while the ________ group is located on the anterior/medical side.
extensor flexor
The pronator quadratus is deep to the ________________ tendons and is accessible only on the quadratus's __________________ portion.
flexor lateral
What are the three superficial muscles in the flexor group?
flexor carpi radialis, palmares longus and flexor carpi ulnaris.
The lumbricals sprout from the sides of the tendons of which muscle?
flexor digitorum profundus
The transverse fibers of the _________ ______________ and carpal bones form the carpal tunnel.
flexor retinaculum
The carpal tunnel is a passageway from many __________ ________ and the ____________ nerve.
flexor tendons and the median nerve
The brachioradialis creates a helpful dividing line between which two muscle groups?
flexors and extensors
How many of these are located at the thenar eminence?
four
flexor digitorum superficialis anf flexor digitorum profundus each have _____ thin tendons which pass through which anatomical structure?
four carpal tunnel
Which superficial, bony knob is visible along the posterior, medial side of the wrist?
head of the ulna
Indicis: a Latin world meaning "of the ____________"
index finger.
Passive extension of the elbow would ______ the brachialis
lengthen
Passive pronation of the forearm would _______ the supinator
lengthen
Longus: a Latin word meaning "__________" often used in the medical names and descriptions of some muscles.
long
The palmar interossei are difficult to access because they are deep to the _____________muscles and situated between the ________________ bones.
lumbrical metacarpal
Between which two bony landmarks is the ulnar nerve particularly accessible and superficial?
medial epicondyle and olecranon process
Anatomically speaking, the proper name for a "knuckle" joint is the
metacarphalangeal joint
Pollicis: a Latin word meaning "________," used in medical names and descriptions.
of the thumb
Which structure pads the space between the olecranon process and the skin of the elbow?
olecranon bursa
Which muscle is responsible for creating opposition of the thumb?
opponens pollicis
Which span of connective tissue is a continuation of the antebrachial fascia into the palm of the hand?
palmar aponeurosis
Pinching the fingers together highlights the tendon of which muscle at the wrist?
palmaris longus
The _____________ ___________ muscle is an antagonist to both the biceps brachii and supinator.
pronator teres
Which two structures reinforce the elbow joint by spanning from their respective epicondyles to the bones of the forearm?
radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
Which carpal can be located just distal to the styloid process of the radius and felt upon adduction of the wrist?
scaphoid
The brachioradialis and the __________ ______ _____ _________ clearly divide the forearm flexors from the extensors.
shaft of ulna
Brevis: a Latin word meaning "________," used in the name of the muscles.
short
Passive flexion of the elbow would ___________ the brachioradialis.
shorten
Passive pronation of the forearm would __________ the pronator trees.
shorten
Minimi: a latin word meaning "_________-," used in medical names and descriptions.
small
Which bony landmark of the radius serves as the attachment site for brachioradialis?
styloid process
The ____________ eminence is located at the thumb's base, while the __________________ eminence is located along the ulnar side of the palm.
thenar hypothenar
Which bone articulates with the first metacarpal and is the source of the thumb's unique movements?
trapezium
Which carpal can best be palpated by asking your partner to abduct and adduct her wrist as you palpate just distal to the styloid process of the ulna?
triquetrum
The palpable edge of which bone runs the length of the forearm?
ulna
Although the flexor digitorum superficial and proudness are deep the other forearm flexors, they can be accessed along the medial side of which bony landmark
ulnar shaft
