Foreign Ploicy Test Review
What are two ways a government may act on behalf of the above interests?
By working to promote its ideology abroad or protecting it from foreign interference at home
What major U.S. trading partner is a planned economy?
China
Who are the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council? Be able to name them.
China, France, and the U.S., France, Russia, UK
Trade, contracts, taxes, tariffs, and monetary policy are all examples of what kind of interests?
Economic interests
What are generally the three types of national interests upon which a country bases their operations in the global community?
Economic, ideological, security interests
What are 3 ways a government may protect the above interests?
Establishing military bases, securing borders, or projecting or exercising military power
What major U.S. trading partner is a mixed economy?
Europe
What two continents of the world (aside from North America, obviously) see the largest overseas concentrations of U.S. troops?
Europe and Asia
The World Bank works to promote economic growth and development as well. Where are its activities primarily focused?
Focuses on financing and investing in developing countries and eliminate poverty
What are two issues that cross international borders and might require action by multiple nations?
Growth of the economy, eradication of diseases
The proper form of government, the protection of civil rights, and the role of religion in government and society are examples of a nation's what?
Ideological interests
What type of interests relate to a nation's values, its way of life, and its view of the world?
Ideological interests
What was a great example of a clash of nations' values and beliefs in recent history?
In 2011 the Syrian civil war
For what purpose was NATO originally organized?
It was a collective defense agreement between 30 nations that promote democratic values and preserve the security of the members by political and military means
Be able to name three of the top 4 nations today where the largest amounts of U.S. troops are stationed overseas.
Japan, Germany, South Korea, Italy
Be able to name 3 wars conducted without an official declaration of war by Congress.
Korean and Vietnam Wars
What are two places the United States has been actively involved in conflicts since 2001?
Military efforts in Afghanistan and Yemen
What type of economy would we consider the U.S. to have?
Mixed economy -- both capitalism and socialism characteristics
The Cold War ended and the 1990s was a time of relative peace which was replaced by a new era of, not a war between nations, but rather a war without borders- a war against what?
Terrorism Terrorist attacks against U,S, personnel abroad, bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998
What are three conflicts that took place as a result of the standoff between these two nations during the Cold War and their desire to protect themselves/ spread their ideologies?
The Korean and Vietnam wars and Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 The U.S. won because of the Soviet Union collapsing in 1991
Give an example of a multinational agreement forged by the president without Senate approval, even though the Senate must approve all treaties.
The Paris Agreement -- Former President Obama negotiated the climate pact and made a nuclear deal with Iran
The Cold War was a conflict that pitted a bloc of capitalist countries led by the United States against a bloc of communist countries led by whom?
The Soviet Union
Military intervention
a last resort, can take many forms - declaring war, deploying troopsin a large-scale combat mission, make targeted air strikes, deploy special forces, send naval vessels to a specific region
trade policy
a powerful tool of influencing behavior, as the trade of goods and services affects every nation these agreements can lea to closer cooperation and tariffs weaken this and national economies
Deterrence
a strategy of threatening action against another nation
Ideological interest?
religion and projecting civil rights
Foreign aid
the act of giving money, lones, food, medicine, militaryequipment or technology to another nation
What was the major event that started the above conflict in 2001, although there had been previous events?
9/11
What is NATO's mission today?
A collective defense agreement between 30 nations that promote democratic values and preserve the security of the members by political and military means
In terms of foreign policy, Barack Obama during his terms focused on what?
A greater emphasis on cooperation with other nations
What is a tariff? What do countries use them for? Be able to define and explain.
A tax on imports to boost domestic industries, subsidize certain domestic industries, and work to ensure exports make it to the market
Be able to give an example of an industry in the United States that we subsidize and explain why we sometimes subsidize industries?
Agricultural and finance To influence business to provide necessary and in-demand services
How is the UN funded?
All 193 member states make mandatory and voluntary contributions
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Trade Organization
The IMF works to promote international trade, financial stability, economic growth, and global monetary cooperation. Although it is interested in the well-being of all nations, it is generally focused on what?
On global financial cooperation and exchange rates being stable to encourage and promote global trade
Barack Obama negotiated/passed what items concerning foreign policy?
Paris Agreement and Iran nuclear deal
Why does the U.S. pay such a large portion of the UN regular and peacekeeping budgets?
Pays at least 22% of the UN's regular budget and 28% percent of the peacekeeping budget The IMF is the reason why
Security interest?
Protecting civilians
What is a free trade agreement and what do countries use them for? Be able to define and explain.
Reduce or eliminate trade barriers They lead to closer cooperation between nations
What type of interests relate to a nation's ability to protect its citizens and territories from potential and immediate threats?
Security interests
The UN was formed following WWII to engage in dialogue and forge agreements on what issues? Be able to name 3.
Security, human rights, environmental protection
What are three powers the President has relating to foreign policy? Be able to list.
Severe as commander in chief of the army and navy, make treaties with the advice and consent of the Senate, nominate and appoint ambassadors and other public ministers and consuls with the advice and consent of the Senate
Diplomacy
The act of negotiating / cooperating withother nations to achieve objectives
What did the International Emergency Powers Act of 1977 give the president the authority to do?
The authority to impose sanctions on foreign entities
Sometimes our national interests intersect. The Iraq war (2003-2011) is an example of this, as US economic, ideological, and security interests were all causes for our involvement. What were we worried about (give an example) Economically? Ideologically? Security-wise?
The effect of regional instability on the global oil supply The dictatorship of Saddam Hussein Whether or not the Hussein regime was stockpiling weapons
What is a mixed economy?
The government has some control over health care, banking, air travel, etc (subsidized industries) -- Europe
Which 2 branches of the government have shared powers to conduct foreign policy, ensuring no one branch would have too much power?
The legislative and executive branches
The legislative and executive branchesWhat three powers does Congress have relating to foreign policy? Be able to list.
The power to declare war, raise and support armies, provide and maintain a navy (many more)
What are three ways that Congress can check to foreign policy powers of the President? Be able to list.
They have approve or disapprove nominees for ambassadorship from the President, consent to any treaty signed with a foreign nation, investigate foreign policy concerns and create or eliminate executive agencies
How did the U.S. contribute to the re-stabilization and rebuilding of Europe following World War II?
Through programs like the Marshall Plan that dedicated $12 billion after it became a member of the UN
In terms of foreign policy, Donald Trump during his term focused on what?
To enact a foreign policy that would avoid entangling treaties and put the needs of the U.S. first
Foreign policy is the strategy of dealing with other nations on the world stage. What 5 elements does it involve?
Trade, diplomatic negotiations, forging of treaties, giving and receiving aid, handling war and conflict
economic interest?
Trading with China
The U.S. really emerged as a dominant force in world politics after what conflict?
WWII
Be able to name 4 wars in our history declared by Congress.
War of 1812, WWI, WWII, Mexican-American War, Spanish-American War
What is a planned economy?
Where the government controls many aspects of the economy and the value of its currency -- China
Donald Trump negotiated/passed what items concerning foreign policy?
Withdrew the Paris Agreement and Iran nuclear deal, enacted new tariffs against China, tightening the U.S. border restrictions