Foundations of business CH 10

_________ theory states that an individual will not put forth effort without first evaluating their ability to perform the task and the value they place on the reward.

expectancy

"The Principles of Scientific Management" was written by _______ ______

Frederick Taylor

The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being watched or studied is referred to as the _________ __________

Hawthorne Effect

A system of goal setting and implementation designed by Peter Drucker is called_________ _________ _________

Management By Objectives (MBO)

According to a survey of recent college graduates, opportunities for ____________ are important in attracting and retaining employees.

advancement

Gen Xers prefer to seek economic security by changing jobs to create __________ security

career

_________ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform.

equity

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth developed the principle of _____ ____

motion economy

Globalization has created a need for managers to understand cultural differences in order to __________ employees around the world.

motivate

According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide ________

motivation

Herzberg studied job-related factors as they relate to _________

motivation

Viewing employees as people who hate to work is considered the view point of a Theory _________ manager

X

The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals is an example of a(n) ____________ reward.

intrinsic

Vroom's motivation theory states that the amount of effort that employees exert on a specific task is based on their __________ of the outcome.

expectations

Something given to you by someone else in recognition of good work is referred to as a(n) __________ reward.

extrinsic

According to Herzberg's theory, good working conditions are a(n) ______ _________

hygiene factor

__________ __________ do not move people to action when present in the workplace.

hygiene factors

Millennials generally don't remember a time without the ________

internet

A type of chart used to track and plan worker activity developed by a researcher who followed Taylor's principles is called: Multiple choice question. a Gantt chart an extrinsic reward the Hawthorne effect a productivity gauge

A

According to Ouchi's Theory Z, Type _________ management is achievement oriented.

A

A type of __________ used by managers to plot the work of employees in detail was developed by Henry Gantt, who followed Taylor's principles.

chart

Henry L. Gantt was a follower of which management theorist? Multiple choice question. Taylor Maslow Mayo Hawthorne

A

Feeling personal satisfaction because you perform well is which type of reward? Multiple choice question. Intrinsic reward Extrinsic reward

A

Select all that apply Which of the following factors are part of the job environment, but do not motivate workers? Multiple select question. friendly supervisors pay Responsibility job security

ABD

Which of the following are characteristics of job enrichment? Multiple select question. Task identity Task significance Equitable pay Skill variety

ABD

The idea that every job could be broken down into a series of elementary motions and analyzed to make it more efficient was the Gilbreths': Multiple choice question. charting of work processes principle of motion economy theory of Scientific Management theory of organization

B

The study that asked workers to rank a list of job-related factors in order of what motivated them most was a new direction taken by: Multiple choice question. Elton Mayo Frederick Herzberg Frederick Taylor Abraham Maslow

B

According to Herzberg's study, motivators that gave employees satisfaction and motivated them: Multiple choice question. were job security and pay were pay and working conditions related mostly to job content were the company's policies and rules

C

If one manager views most employees as motivated to do work while a second manager views most employees as lazy, they are operating under which of the following management theories respectively? Multiple choice question. Theory X and Theory Y Theory Y and two-factor theory Theory Y and Theory X Two-factor theory and Theory X

C

Peter Drucker designed the Management by Objectives during which period of time? Multiple choice question. 1950s 1940s 1960s 1970s

C

The five characteristics important to motivation as defined by job enrichment are: Multiple choice question. task identity, task enlargement, skill variety, punishment, feedback task enlargement, task significance, skill variety, autonomy, reward task identity, task significance, skill variety, autonomy, feedback task significance, skill set, autonomy, feedback, promotion

C

Which is not an element of scientific management? Multiple choice question. Rules of work Method Time Human factors

D

Which item was listed by workers as creating enthusiasm for job content? Multiple choice question. Proper climate Having the correct tools Correct lighting Sense of achievement

D

The group of workers most hurt by the recession is the __________

Millennials

Rewarding ___________ _________employees for learning to be flexible while rewarding younger workers like Millennials for changing processes is an effective way to apply motivation strategy to workers of differing generations.

baby boomer

While not motivators, the absence of certain factors from the job environment will cause __________

dissatisfaction

The goal of time motion studies is to increase __________

efficiency

Gen X managers are very able to provide employees with _________ because they want more of it themselves.

feedback

_________ __________ theory, the basis for Management by Objectives developed by Peter Drucker in the 1960s, proposes that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance.

goal setting

The second set of Hawthorne Experiments continued to result in _____________ productivity regardless of changing physical conditions.

higher

Moving a worker from one job to another to increase variety and motivation is ________ _________

job roation

An assumption about people by a Theory Y manager would be that workers _________ work

like

According to Herzberg, interest in the work itself is a(n) _________

motivator

Job factors that cause employees to be productive and give them satisfaction is the definition of a(n) _________ according to Herzberg.

motivator

Employee involvement and group membership were two of the reasons employees gave as the reason for increased _________ during the Hawthorne studies.

production

Taylor's goal was to increase worker efficiency and __________ in order to benefit both the firm and workers.

productivity

Taylor's scientific management became the dominant strategy for improving ______ in the early Twentieth century.

productivity

When implementing management by objectives it is a manager's responsibility to involve everyone, commit employees to the goals, monitor progress, and _________ accomplishments.

reward

Taylor's method of studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques is called _________ _________

scientific management

A culture that focuses on the _________ and views relationship building as a waste of time is a low-context culture.

task

Frederick Taylor wrote: Multiple choice question. The Principles of Scientific Management The Father of Scientific Management The Elements of Time Study The Journal on Motion Economy

A

Motivation: Multiple choice question. moves people to action is a result of satisfaction is a lower-level need is not needed in the workplace

A

Select assumptions made by a Theory Y manager about people. Multiple select question. People seek responsibility. People like to work. People are motivated only by the extrinsic rewards offered. People are lazy and dislike work.

AB

Select all that apply Which of the following are costs directly associated with recruiting and training a new employee to replace one who is dissatisfied and leaves? Multiple select question. Dollars for hours spent training Loss of intellectual capital Decreased productivity Heightened company reputation

ABC

Which of the following are examples of factors that contributed to increased worker productivity during the Hawthorne studies? Multiple select question. Management respect and interaction. Worker involvement in managerial decisions. Social group membership and informality. More comfortable lighting levels

ABC

Select all that apply What were the goals of Taylor's scientific management? Multiple select question. Benefit the worker Benefit the firm Increase focus on human factors Increase worker productivity

ABD

Select all that apply According to Herzberg's study, which of the following were listed by workers as among the top 5 factors that create motivation instead of being dissatisfiers on the job? Multiple select question. Sense of achievement Job security Earned recognition for a job Good working conditions

AC

Select all that apply The effects on organizations of unmotivated and unhappy workers include: Multiple select question. high recruitment and training costs increased financial success poor relationships with customers improved product development

AC

Select all that apply Taylor's method was to: Multiple select question. teach people the one best way to do their jobs allow workers to determine the best way to do their jobs determine the one "best" way study the most efficient way to do a task

ACD

According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as: Multiple choice question. viewing work as natural wishing to avoid responsibility committed to work seeking responsibility

B

Frederick Taylor was nicknamed the ______ of scientific management: Multiple choice question. creator father teacher philosopher

B

Herzberg studied the relationship between: Multiple choice question. motivation outside of the workplace motivation and job-related factors physiological and safety needs need theory and safety

B

Studies about which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task are referred to as ______ studies. Multiple choice question. goal-setting time-motion statistical job analysis

B

Studying workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use is an example of: Multiple choice question. motivation a time-motion study the Hawthorne effect theory X management

B

Which type of management became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s? Multiple choice question. Human factors Scientific Time Operations

B

Select all that apply Job enrichment theory is based on the higher level motivators of which theorists? Multiple select question. Frederick Taylor Abraham Maslow Frederick Herzberg David McGregor

BC

Select all that apply Which of these are basic elements of Taylor's Scientific Method? Multiple select question. method time rules of work engaging employees

BC

Select all that apply The elements of scientific management include: Multiple select question. human factors time rules of work method

BCD

Select all that apply Taylor's Scientific Method became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s. Other researchers who worked with him, included: Multiple select question. Abraham Maslow Henry L. Gantt Henri Fayol Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

BD

An extrinsic reward is: Multiple choice question. an internal sense of accomplishment the satisfaction you feel on achieving a personal goal has the same result as an intrinsic reward given to you by someone else

D

Employee empowerment cannot be successful without clear and open __________ throughout an organization.

communication

Select assumptions made by a Theory Y manager about people. Multiple select question. People seek responsibility. People like to work. People are lazy and dislike work. People are motivated only by the extrinsic rewards offered.

Ab

Which element in the work environment was found to be dissatisfying when not present, but when present did not serve as a motivator for workers? Multiple choice question. Responsibility Job security Recognition Sense of achievement

B

Which management theory uses time-motion studies to find the one best method for workers to perform each task and then teaches them that method? Multiple choice question. Maslow's Hierarchy Taylor's Scientific Management Herzberg's Two Factor Theory Follett's Conflict Theory

B

True or false: Frederick Gilbreth was the "Father of Scientific Management".

False

The Management by Objectives system is most effective in ___________situations that allow long-range planning.

stable

What were the goals of Taylor's scientific management? Multiple select question. Benefit the worker Increase focus on human factors Increase worker productivity Benefit the firm

ACD

Select all that apply Which of the following is about a manager's attitudes and assumptions about workers? Multiple select question. McGregor's Theory Y Ouchi's Theory Y Ouchi's Theory X McGregor's Theory X

AD

The unexpected results in the first set of Hawthorne Experiments that led to the second set of experiments was: Multiple choice question. productivity continued to decrease regardless of changing conditions productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions productivity decreased when the temperature was reduced productivity decreased when the lighting was reduced

B