Freud and Erikson

Latency Stage (Freud)

adolescence repressed sexuality; identification with same-sex friends; focus on school and growing up

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson)

stage in which a toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt

Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)

6-12 yrs, good: competence, exercise his/her abilities and intelligence in the world, be able to affect world in the way that the child desires bad: inadequacy, low self esteem

Oral Stage (Freud)

0-18 months, infant uses mouth for gratification and exploration

Genital Stage (Freud)

12-20 years, sexual interest can be expressed in overt sexual relationships.

Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson)

13-19 yr, **most crucial** teens struggle with identity crisis, if healthy experimentation is fostered they attain identity achievement; if not, they face insecurity and low self-worth

Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson)

20-40 yrs, good: love, intimate relationships, commitment. bad: avoidance of commitment, alienation, distancing oneself

Phallic Stage (Freud)

3-5 years. Sensitivity now becomes concentrated in the genitals and masturbation (in both sexes) becomes a new source of pleasure. The child becomes aware of anatomical sex differences, which sets in motion the conflict between erotic attraction, resentment, rivalry, jealousy and fear which Freud called the Oedipus complex (in boys) and the Electra complex (in girls). This is resolved through the process of identification, which involves the child adopting the characteristics of the same sex parent.

Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)

3-6: Children want to undertake adult like activities or internalize limits set by parents. They feel adventurous or guilty.

Integrity vs. Despair (Erikson)

Adulthood: Older Adults try to make sense out of their lives, they either see their lives as a meaningful whole or despair at unreached goals

Similarities between Freud and Erikson

Both theorists recognize the importance of the unconscious on development. They also both separate development into stages of a person's life and utilize similar age categorizations for these developmental stages.

generativity vs. stagnation

Erikson's stage of social development in which middle-aged people begin to devote themselves more to fulfilling one's potential and doing public service

Differences between Freud and Erikson

Freud's psychosexual theory emphasizes the importance of basic needs and biological forces, while Erikson's psychosocial theory is more focused upon social and environmental factors. Erikson also expands his theory into adulthood, while Freud's theory ends at an earlier period.

Anal Stage (Freud)

Freud's pychosexual period during which a child learns to control his bodily excretions

Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson)

Infancy (to 1 year) If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust.