From Practice Questions

Ventilation is the ______. Diffusion is the _____

actual movement of air in and out of the respiratory tract. exchange of oxygen and CO2 through the alveolar-capillary membrane.

A junior-level nursing class has just finished learning about the management of clients with chronic pulmonary diseases. They learned that a new definition of COPD leaves only one disorder within its classification. Which of the following is that disorder?

emphysema

Which statement is true about both lung transplant and bullectomy? Both procedures cure COPD. Both procedures treat end-stage emphysema. Both procedures treat patients with bullous emphysema. Both procedures improve the overall quality of life of a client with COPD.

Both procedures improve the overall quality of life of a client with COPD.

FEV1 Grades of CPD

FEV1 Grade 1: >= 80% Grade 2: 50-80% grade 3: 30-50% grade 4: <30%

Which of the following insulins are used for basal dosage? Glarginet (Lantus) NPH (Humulin N) Lispro (Humalog) Aspart (Novolog)

Glargine/Lantus

A nurse is preparing dietary recommendations for a client with a lung abscess. Which statement would be included in the plan of care? "You must consume a diet rich in protein, such as chicken, fish, and beans." "You must consume a diet low in calories, such as skim milk, fresh fruits, and vegetables." "You must consume a diet high in carbohydrates, such as bread, potatoes, and pasta." "You must consume a diet low in fat by limiting dairy products and concentrated sweets."

"You must consume a diet rich in protein, such as chicken, fish, and beans."

A nurse is preparing a client with a pleural effusion for a thoracentesis. The nurse should: assist the client to a sitting position on the edge of the bed, leaning over the bedside table. raise the arm on the side of the client's body on which the physician will perform the thoracentesis. place the client supine in the bed, which is flat. raise the head of the bed to a high Fowler's position.

-assist the client to a sitting position on edge of bed, leaning over bedside table

Newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetics should have what in their diet?

2 starches 3 meats 1 veggie 1 fat 1 fruit

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which produces a cold sore (fever blister), has an incubation period of

2-12 days

To promote a 1- to 2-pound weight loss per week, how many calories are subtracted from the daily total.

500-1000

A 70/30 insulin preparation is 70% ___ and 30% ____. Therefore, a correct substitution requires mixing ______

70% NPH, 30% Regular 21 units of NPH and 9 units of regular insulin.

other names for albuterol

AccuNeb, Proventil, Ventolin

A client with type 1 diabetes must undergo bowel resection in the morning. How should the nurse proceed while caring for him on the morning of surgery? Administer half of the client's typical morning insulin dose as ordered. Administer an oral antidiabetic agent as ordered. Administer an I.V. insulin infusion as ordered. Administer the client's normal daily dose of insulin as ordered.

Administer half of the client's typical morning insulin dose as ordered.

A client with COPD and diabetes has been prescribed a 12 day tapering dose of Prednisone for an acute COPD exacerbation. Which of the following are appropriate teaching points for this client? Select all that apply. a) Take this medication as directed. Suddenly stopping this medication can result in serious side effects b) Check your glucose more frequently as this medication can cause hypoglycemia (NO can cause hyperglycemia) c)Take this medication with food to avoid GI upset d)Monitor for infection. This medication causes immunosuppression and decreases your resistance to infection e) Drink at least 8 glasses of water daily as this medication can alter renal function

a) take as directed, dont stop suddenly c) take with food d) monitor for infection, causes immunosuprresion Prednisone may cause hyperglycemia**

Which statement about fluid replacement is accurate for a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome? Administer 2 to 3 L of IV fluid rapidly. Administer 10 L of IV fluid over the first 24 hours. Administer a dextrose solution containing normal saline solution. Administer IV fluid slowly to prevent circulatory overload and collapse.

administer 2-3 L IV fluid rapidly

You should use what before using a corticosteroid for asthma

bronchodilator

A nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with hypoglycemia. To control hypoglycemic episodes, the nurse should recommend: increasing saturated fat intake and fasting in the afternoon. increasing intake of vitamins B and D and taking iron supplements. eating a candy bar if light-headedness occurs. consuming a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet and avoiding fasting.

consuming a low carb high protein diet

Which ventilation-perfusion ratio is exhibited by a pulmonary embolus? Low ventilation-perfusion ratio Dead space Silent unit Normal ratio of perfusion to ventilation

dead space A dead space exists when ventilation exceeds perfusio (low ventilation perfusion would be pneumonia)

A client with a 30-year history of type 2 diabetes is having an annual physical and blood work. Which test result would the physician be most concerned with when monitoring the client's treatment compliance? glycosylated hemoglobin hematocrit A1c postprandial glucose All options are correct.

glycosylated hemoglovin

Which is the best nursing explanation for the symptom of polyuria in a client with diabetes mellitus? With diabetes, drinking more results in more urine production. Increased ketones in the urine promote the manufacturing of more urine. High sugar pulls fluid into the bloodstream, which results in more urine production. The body's requirement for fuel drives the production of urine.

high sugar pulls fluid into the bloodstream, which results in more urine production

A patient is seen in the emergency room for a severe case of diabetic acidosis. The respiratory note indicates the presence of Kussmaul's respirations. The nurse knows that this diagnosis is associated with which of the following? Bradypnea Tachypnea Hypoventilation Hyperventilation

hyperventilation

Cool, moist skin and arm and leg trembling are associated with

hypoglycemia

When the nurse is caring for a patient with type 1 diabetes, what clinical manifestation would be a priority to closely monitor? Hypoglycemia Hyponatremia Ketonuria Polyphagia

hypoglycemia

A client with diabetes mellitus develops sinusitis and otitis media accompanied by a temperature of 100.8° F (38.2° C). What effect do these findings have on his need for insulin? They have no effect. They decrease the need for insulin. They increase the need for insulin. They cause wide fluctuations in the need for insulin.

increase need for insulin

Which term refers to the progressive increase in blood glucose from bedtime to morning? Somogyi effect Insulin waning Dawn phenomenon Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

insulin warning (progressive) Dawn phenomenen is sharp increase around 3 am

Coughing at night may indicate ___ or ___

left sided heart failure bronchial asthma

Histamine, a mediator that supports the inflammatory process in asthma, is secreted by

mast cells

When assessing a client, which adaptation indicates the presence of respiratory distress? Respiratory rate of 14 breaths per minute Productive cough Sore throat Orthopnea

orthopnea (inability to breathe easily except when upright)

A patient is to receive an oxygen concentration of 70%. What is the best way for the nurse to deliver this concentration? A nasal cannula An oropharyngeal catheter A partial rebreathing mask A Venturi mask

partial rebreather (can get high levels of O2)

A client who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes 14 years ago is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with abdominal pain. On admission, the client's blood glucose level is 470 mg/dl. Which finding is most likely to accompany this blood glucose level? Cool, moist skin Rapid, thready pulse Arm and leg trembling Slow, shallow respirations

rapid thready pulse - because polyuria, likely dehydated--> rapid thready pulse, rapid respiriations, decreased BP

A client has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. When teaching the client and family how diet and exercise affect insulin requirements, the nurse should include which guideline? "You'll need more insulin when you exercise or increase your food intake." "You'll need less insulin when you exercise or reduce your food intake." "You'll need less insulin when you increase your food intake." "You'll need more insulin when you exercise or decrease your food intake."

you'll need less insulin when you exercise/reduce your food intake