FSE-120 Mid-Term Quizzes (FSE)
An infection where microbes enter blood or lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body is called a/n ___________________ infection.
focal
An acid would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.
0;6
Under what conditions must an autoclave work to sterilize?
15 psi at 121oC for 10 minutes
How much of the Earth's oxygen do autotrophic bacteria produce?
20%
A base would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.
8;14
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
The mosquito that causes malaria is (vector spreader).
Anopheles mosquito
The microbe of great concern that can cross the placenta.
Cytomegalovirus
The correct way to write the name of the bacterium that causes gonorrhea.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
The four kingdoms.
Protista, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi
What genus of bacteria is commonly associated with secondary infections in burn patients?
Pseudomonas
The pus from ____________________ is blue.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What kind of light controls microbial growth?
UV
The physical method of controlling microbes that damages the cell's DNA.
UV light
The bacterium that causes bubonic plague.
Yersinia pestis
______________ immunity is a result of being sick once or getting a vaccination.
acquired
A chemical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins and dissolves lipids in the cell membrane.
alcohol
When bacteria have flagella on each end of the cell (amphi=both).
amphitrichous
When one bacterium inhibits the growth of another, that is known as __________.
antagonism
Proteins that are Y-shaped and either neutralize or destroy antigens.
antibodies
An _________________ causes the body's immune system to respond.
antigen
Inhibiting microbial growth on living tissue.
antisepsis
Reducing a microbe's virulence by diluting or weakening it.
attenuation
Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis.
autotrophs
A virus that infects bacteria.
bacteriophage
Bacteria reproduce by a process called (asexual).
binary fission
The most poisonous substance on Earth is ____________________.
botulinum toxin
What is used to treat municipal drinking water and swimming pools?
chlorine
The three basic shapes of bacteria.
coccus, bacillus, spirilla
In a microbial association, when one bacterium benefits and the other is unaffected, that is known as ___________.
commensalism
What disease gave milkmaids immunity to smallpox?
cowpox
What chemical is used to produce Lysol?
cresols
Destroying pathogenic agents by disinfecting inanimate objects.
disinfection
The physical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins.
dry heat
A thick-walled cell produced by bacteria to survive unfavorable conditions.
endospore
A/n ____________________ is toxin confined within the body of a bacterium and is released only when the bacterium is broken down.
endotoxin
Ebola is a ____________________ disease.
epidemic
An ______________ _____________ is caused by microbes that are not normally present in the body.
exogenous infection
Bacteria that can adapt to different sources of nutrition.
facultative
Some bacteria use an enzyme that digests fibrin threads to better utilize blood as a nutrient. That enzyme is.
fibrinolysin
Appendages on a bacterium that allows it to attach to surfaces.
fimbriae
An inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted.
fomite
An unorganized coating on bacteria that is loosely attached to the cell wall.
glycocalyx
A disinfectant that oxidizes certain molecules within the microbial cell is (choose two).
halogen & iodine
Organisms that cannot make their own food and require food from a carbon source.
heterotrophs
The enzyme that Staphylococcus aureus uses to penetrate the body's connective tissue.
hyaluronidase
A bacterium in a ___________ would shrivel.
hypertonic
A bacterium in a ______________ solution would swell and might burst.
hypotonic
The best method to treat hazardous waste.
incineration
Another word for skin.
integument
Proteins that respond to viruses, bind to receptors on uninfected cells, and cause the uninfected cells to produce antiviral enzymes.
interferons
A disinfectant that is a tincture.
iodine
A compound of iodine and surfactant.
iodophore
How does higher temperature affect the effectiveness of chemical agents?
it usually increases effectiveness
An agent that kills mosquito larvae.
larvicide
Bacteria that prefer human body temperatures.
mesophiles
When both species of bacteria benefit in an association, that is known as __________.
mutualism
The study of fungi.
mycology
Bacteria that MUST have oxygen.
obligate aerobes
Bacteria that must NOT be in the presence of oxygen.
obligate anaerobes
Bacteria that would be utilizing tissue of human remains as a nutrition source would be.
obligate saprophyte
How many chromosomes do bacteria have?
one
The three arrangements of bacteria.
pairs, chains, clusters
COVID-19 is a ____________________ disease.
pandemic
When bacteria have flagella over the entire cell (peri=around).
peritrichous
A chemical method of controlling microbes that has a sickeningly sweet and tarry odor.
phenol
Small circles of DNA separate from the main chromosome in bacteria.
plasmids
Salmonella food poisoning comes from.
poultry
Bacteria that might prefer the temperature of remains in a refrigeration unit.
psychrophiles
The natural habitat of a pathogen.
reservoir
A combustion chamber.
retort
Organisms that utilize decomposing matter as nutrients.
saprophytes
The proper term for 'blood poisoning' is.
septicemia
The only disease that was eradicated and is no longer in the human population.
smallpox
An agent that kills endospores.
sporicide
The process bacteria use to produce the endospore.
sporulation
The prefix means cluster.
staphyl-
Completely removing or destroying all life-forms, endospores, or their products.
sterilization
What alters the surface tension of the cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out and kill the cell?
surfactants
The lowest temperature at which all microbes are killed in 10 minutes.
thermal death point
_________________ is when poisonous products of bacteria are distributed throughout the body.
toxemia
An organism that spreads disease is called a/n.
vector
An agent that kills viruses.
viricide
The ability of a microbe to survive and produce disease.
virulence
Genetic material in a protein coat.
virus
Diseases that are communicable from animal or animal products.
zoonoses
