FSHN 120 exam 2
Supplement companies are required to provide proof of safety for a given ingredient only if it was not sold before _____. 1968 2000 1994 1976
1994
Janie is four years old. What serving size of green beans would you recommend for her? 6 tablespoons 2 tablespoons 4 tablespoons 3 tablespoons
4 tablespoons
The recommended protein intake for a 110-pound (50-kg) adult is _______. 88 g 110 g 40 g 50 g
40 g
A low-birth-weight infant is one who weighs less than how many pounds? 3.3 5.5 6.5 7.0
5.5
The Food and Drug Administration classifies dietary supplements as ____. medications foods drugs cosmetics
foods
Muscle spasms and convulsions can be caused by ______. low blood sugar vitamin D deficiency excessive fluoride consumption high blood phosphorus levels
high blood phosphorus levels
The most common sites of fracture in an individual suffering from osteoporosis are the clavicle and scapula. hip and spine. femur and tibia. sternum and ribs
hip and spine
Why is it strongly recommended that infants NOT consume honey? Honey consumption during infancy is associated with the development of dental caries. Honey can lead to chronic diarrhea in infants. Infants do not like the taste of honey. Honey contains spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
honey contains spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum
Beta-carotene is a precursor of A) zeaxanthin. B) Vitamin E C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin A
D
Celine visited her doctor to examine a cut that bled a lot before it clotted. Which of the following deficiencies might cause increased bleeding? A) copper B) iron C) zinc D) vitamin K
D
Hyponatremia is associated with A) excessive intake of dietary sodium. B) dehydration. C) insufficient intake of dietary sodium. D) overhydration.
D
In addition to dietary sources, vitamin K is produced in our A) mouth. B) stomach. C) brain. D) large intestine
D
In addition to proper growth and development, bone remodeling is critical in maintaining A) blood coagulation. B) blood glucose levels. C) vitamin D production. D) blood calcium levels.
D
Infants and children who suffer from malnutrition have a higher mortality rate as a result of A) the limited access to health care. B) diarrhea due to drinking unsanitary water. C) starving to death because of the lack of food. D) decreased resistance to infectious diseases.
D
Major minerals are those that the body needs in how many mg per day? A) more than 50 mg B) more than 300 mg C) more than 200 mg D) more than 100 mg
D
Premilk, which is rich in immune factors and protein, is also known by what name? A) hindmilk B) foremilk C) meconium D) colostrum
D
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein meets the needs of strength and endurance athletes. True False
False
Toddlers should be monitored for _____ as new foods are introduced. allergic reactions new food dislikes alertness and sleepiness ease of digestion
allergic reactions
The primary function of vitamin E is to be a(n) _______. supplement antioxidant free radical vitamin that enhances vision
antioxidant
Vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of carcinogens. vitamins B12 and D. antioxidants. prions.
antioxidants
Symptoms of a vitamin C deficiency include night blindness. bleeding gums and loose teeth. nosebleeds. dementia and dermatitis.
bleeding gums and loose teeth
Which of the following refers to the two-step process in which bone tissue is recycled? bone growth bone modeling bone regeneration bone remodeling
bone remodeling
Which of the following is a potential benefit of moderate drinking? Increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels Reduced risk of dementia Reduced risk of liver disease Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels
increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels
Osteoporosis can increase a person's risk for _______. infection hypercalcemia cancer hypocalcemia
infection
Potassium is the major positively charged electrolyte in _________. extracellular fluid bile intracellular fluid plasma
intracellular fluid
One of the best things you can do to help prevent cancer is _________. not to worry too much about it get enough saturated fats into your diet not to smoke to maintain a high body mass index (BMI)
not to smoke
Over-reliance on breast milk or formula by infants and children can limit iron intake and lead to sickle cell anemia. macrocytic anemia. milk anemia. iron-deficiency anemia.
milk anemia
Elderly people may benefit from which specific supplements? Vitamin B12, riboflavin, iron, and zinc Folic acid Multivitamin-multimineral supplements and vitamin B12 Fluoride
multivitamin-multimineral supplements and vitamin B12
Folate deficiency in pregnant women can cause _______. premature birth painful cramps in the mother miscarriage neural tube defects
neural tube defects
Newborn infants receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth because breast milk is a poor source of vitamin K. newborns do not have enough bacteria in their large intestine to make vitamin K. newborns cannot absorb any of the vitamin K from breast milk or formula. the trauma of labor and delivery depletes the newborn's vitamin K stores.
newborns do not have enough bacteria in their large intestine to make vitamin K
Pellagra results from a deficiency of folate. niacin. riboflavin. thiamin.
niacin
Moderate alcohol consumption for men is defined as consuming no alcohol at all. no more than one drink per week. no more than two drinks per day. no more than one drink per day.
no more than two drinks per day
Babies exposed to a famine in utero increases the risk of ____ in adulthood when followed by _____. obesity; high nutrient intake after birth obesity; low nutrient intake after birth failure to thrive; high nutrient intake after birth large for gestational age; low nutrient intake after birth
obesity; high nutrient intake after birth
Physiological and anatomical changes associated with aging that can have a negative impact on nutritional status of older adults include ________. loss of hearing odor, taste, and tactile and visual perception decline increased fat stores reduced amount of sleep
odor, taste, and tactile and visual perception decline
Moderate intake of alcohol for women is defined as up to how many drinks per day? three two zero one
one
Bone cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called trabecular. osteoblasts. cortical. osteoclasts.
osteoclasts
The fluid portion of the blood is called hemoglobin. platelets. lymph. plasma.
plasma
Pregnant women are in ____ nitrogen balance. neutral positive negative temporary
positive
Four major minerals found in body fluids are sodium, chloride, _______ and ___________. potassium, selenium phosphorus, iron potassium, phosphorus selenium, zinc
potassium, phosphorus
At what stage in the development of cancer do the cancerous cells grow out of control and invade surrounding tissues? progression initiation promotion termination
progession
Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods dense in phytic acid. protein. fat. carbohydrate.
protein
The chronic overconsumption of which of the following foods can result in a biotin deficiency? grapefruit juice natural licorice herbal tea raw egg whites
raw egg whites
Where do humans obtain vitamin D? sunlight moonlight stomach bacteria intestinal bacteria
sunlight
How much beta-carotene is considered equivalent to one unit of vitamin A? six units two molecules one molecule twelve units
twelve units
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must prove a supplement is _____ before it will be removed from the marketplace. impure unsafe ineffective unprofitable
unsafe
Excess consumption of what nutrient during pregnancy is associated with birth defects? vitamin C iron calcium vitamin A
vitamin A
Prenatal exposure to excess levels of which vitamin is associated with increased risk of congenital heart defects? Vitamin C Vitamin A Folate Beta-carotene
vitamin A
Which of the following supplements would you recommend a vegan add to his/her diet? fiber protein vitamin B12 vitamin C
vitamin B12
Prothrombin and factor VII, critical in the coagulation of blood, are synthesized in part by the coenzyme vitamin B12. folate. vitamin K. thiamin.
vitamin K
One group of people with a consistently higher iron requirement is ________. young women preadolescent children mature men older women
young women
Which of the following provides more than the RDA of vitamin A for women? 1 cup of vitamin A-fortified skim milk 1 cup of canned sweet potato 1 cup raisin bran cereal 1 large hardboiled egg
1 cup of canned sweet potato
Which of the following foods contains the lowest amount of sodium? 1 large dill pickle 1 cup of canned vegetable soup 1 oz of potato chips 1 medium fresh orange
1 medium fresh orange
At birth, baby Ramon weighs 8 pounds. If his growth and development are normal, what would you expect Ramon to weigh at his first birthday? 20 pounds 24 pounds 16 pounds 32 pounds
24 pounds
A normal-weight woman should gain approximately how many pounds during pregnancy? 5 to 10 15 to 20 25 to 35 40 to 50
25 to 35
Which of the following meals demonstrates the appropriate portions for a three-year-old child? 2 tablespoons of rice, 2 tablespoons of vegetables, and 2 tablespoon of beans 1 tablespoon of rice, 1 tablespoon of vegetables, and 1 tablespoon of full-fat yogurt 3 tablespoons of rice, 3 tablespoons of vegetables, and 3 tablespoons of beans 1 tablespoon of rice, 1 tablespoon of vegetables, and 1 tablespoon of beans
3 tablespoons of rice, 3 tablespoons of vegetables, and 3 tablespoons of beans
Obesity in children is defined as having a BMI at or above what percentile? 75th 85th 95th 100th
95th
A chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons is A) oxidation. B) radiation. C) mineralization. D) reduction.
A
A healthy-weight woman should gain approximately how many pounds during pregnancy? A) 25 to 35 B) 25 to 30 C) 25 to 40 D) 25 to 45
A
Alcohol is a known ____, a substance that causes fetal harm. A) teratogen B) sedative C) carcinogen D) resveratrol
A
Compounds that protect our cells from the damage caused by oxidation are known as A) antioxidants. B) electrolytes. C) prooxidants. D) free radicals.
A
Diets rich in which of the following nutrients are associated with maintaining healthy blood pressure level? A) potassium B) chloride C) phosphorus D) sodium
A
Folate deficiency during pregnancy is associated with A) neural tube defects. B) Down's syndrome. C) gestational diabetes. D) pellagra.
A
In which trimester of pregnancy is the fetus the most vulnerable to teratogens? A) first B) second C) third D) fourth
A
MOST water is lost daily via the A) kidneys. B) colon. C) skin. D) lungs.
A
Matt has just been diagnosed with hypertension, and his physician has instructed him to reduce his sodium intake. Which of the following would be good advice for Matt? A) Snack on fresh fruits and vegetables instead of salty snacks. B) Do not rinse canned beans with cold water before eating. C) Eat canned creamed corn instead of fresh. D) Eat a variety of canned and dried soups.
A
Newborn infants receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth because A) newborns do not have enough bacteria in their small intestine to make vitamin K. B) the trauma of labor and delivery depletes the newborn's vitamin K stores. C) newborns cannot absorb any of the vitamin K from breast milk or formula. D) breast milk is a poor source of vitamin K.
A
The human body can synthesize which of the following vitamins? A) vitamin K B) vitamin E C) vitamin C D) thiamin
A
The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from A) table salt. B) alcohol. C) vitamin supplements. D) animal protein sources
A
The primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux and constipation during pregnancy is A) relaxation of the smooth muscles. B) inadequate fluid intake by the mother. C) overeating by the mother. D) intolerance to prenatal vitamins.
A
The type of undernutrition that affects toddlers who have recently been weaned from breast milk and given a diet that is severely lacking in protein is known as A) kwashiorkor. B) protein-deficit malnutrition. C) marasmus. D) toddler malnutrition.
A
Trace minerals are those our body needs in what amount per day? A) less than 100 mg B) less than 20 C) less than 10 mg D) less than 50 mg
A
Unless prescribed by a qualified practitioner, taking a single-nutrient supplement is NOT recommended because it A) may quickly lead to a nutrient toxicity. B) will cost too much money. C) might lead to a nutrient dependency. D) might reduce your appetite.
A
What is the most common nutrient deficiency, worldwide? A) iron B) vitamin B12 C) folate D) calcium
A
Which mineral's absorption is enhanced greatly by vitamin C? A) iron B) manganese C) sulfur D) chromium
A
Which of the following foods contains the lowest amount of sodium? A) 1 medium fresh orange B) 1 large dill pickle C) 1 cup of canned vegetable soup D) 1 oz of potato chips
A
Which of the following groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration? A) infants and the elderly B) adolescents and children C) infants and pregnant women D) pregnant women and the elderly
A
Which of the following is FALSE concerning carotenoids? A) Beta-carotene is the only carotenoid that functions as an antioxidant. B) Consuming excess dietary beta-carotene can cause skin discoloration. C) Cooking foods that contain dietary carotenoids enhances their absorption. D) Fruits and vegetables can be rich sources of dietary carotenoids.
A
Which of the following is NOT associated with developing toddlers' healthy eating habits? A) rewarding meal completion with dessert B) snacking between meals C) including toddlers in food shopping and preparation D) small portion sizes
A
Which of the following is NOT associated with eating a healthy breakfast? A) impairs students' ability to learn B) reduces tardiness and improves overall attendance C) reduces math mistakes D) improves attention and memory
A
Which of the following is NOT associated with gestational diabetes? A) delivery of a low birth weight infant B) increased maternal risk of developing type 2 diabetes C) increased fetal risk of developing type 2 diabetes D) increased fetal risk of developing metabolic syndrome later in life
A
Which of the following is our primary dietary source of vitamin D? 75) A) milk B) seafood C) chicken D) green leafy vegetables
A
Which of the following provides more than three times the recommended Adequate Intake (AI) of Vitamin K? A) 1/2 cup of boiled turnip greens B) 1 cup of raw cabbage C) 1 tablespoon of canola oil D) 1 cup of boiled broccoli
A
Which of the following statements about the movement of substances through the cell membrane is TRUE? A) Water freely moves across cell membranes. B) Water moves across the cell membranes only through protein channels. C) Water and electrolytes cannot move across cell membranes. D) Electrolytes freely move across cell membranes.
A
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins? A) Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body. B) Water-soluble vitamins are rarely toxic. C) Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed easily from the intestinal tract into the blood. D) Water-soluble vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods.
A
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning vitamin C? A) Smokers should consume less vitamin C than non-smokers. B) Vitamin C helps the immune system by enabling the body to make white blood cells. C) Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid. D) Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant that may help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
A
Which of the following will impair iron absorption? A) low amounts of stomach acid B) iron-deficiency anemia C) low dietary intake of iron D) chronic blood loss
A
A reduced production of gastric secretions often seen in older adults can result in A) a reduced absorption of vitamin B12. B) a reduced absorption of calcium. C) a reduced absorption of potassium. D) an increased absorption of vitamin C.
B
Fluorosis is associated with A) insufficient intake of fluoride. B) consuming too much fluoride. C) osteoporosis. D) Alzheimer's disease.
B
Good sources of riboflavin include A) potatoes, carrots, and bananas. B) milk, meats, and green vegetables. C) citrus fruits and berries. D) refined grains and pork.
B
High concentrations of homocysteine in the blood are associated with the development of A) osteoporosis. B) heart disease. C) neural tube defects. D) diabetes.
B
In the United States, accidental overdose of which of the following is the most common cause of poisoning deaths in children under six? A) lead B) iron C) folate D) zinc
B
In the body, vitamin D is essential for A) blood clotting. B) calcification of bone. C) stimulation of nerve impulses. D) muscle contraction.
B
Janie is three years old. What serving size of green beans would you recommend for her? A) 6 tablespoons B) 3 tablespoons C) 4 tablespoons D) 2 tablespoons
B
Most of a pregnant woman's nutrient needs can be met by consuming a healthful, balanced diet, except for which specific nutrient? A) calcium B) iron C) folate D) protein
B
The primary sources of folate in the American diet are A) meat, fish, and poultry. B) enriched ready-to-eat cereals, bread, and grain products. C) fresh fruits and vegetables. D) milk and dairy products.
B
Vitamin K deficiencies are rare because A) absorption of vitamin K from dietary sources is close to 100%. B) intestinal bacteria produce vitamin K. C) the majority of people take vitamin K supplements. D) most foods contain some vitamin K.
B
Vitamin K's primary role in the body is A) muscle contraction. B) blood clotting. C) nerve transmission. D) enzyme action.
B
What is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body? A) thiamin B) vitamin B12 C) vitamin D D) vitamin C
B
What is the primary reason osteoporosis incidence in the United States is expected to increase? A) decline in milk consumption B) increased longevity of the population C) inadequate treatment options D) increased diagnostic tools
B
What is the term for a situation in which people are unable to obtain enough food to meet their daily physical needs? A) food poverty B) food insecurity C) food anxiety D) food shortage
B
What percentage of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid? A) 50 to 90 B) 50 to 70 C) 50 to 30 D) 50
B
Which of the following are rich sources of vitamin C? A) milk and cheese B) green and red peppers C) seafood D) wheat and oats
B
Which of the following is FALSE concerning calcium? A) Calcium's alkalinity assists in regulating acid-base balance. B) Ninety-nine percent of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue. C) When blood calcium falls, osteoclasts will liberate calcium from the skeleton. D) Calcium is a major mineral.
B
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breastfeeding for the infant? A) The protein in breast milk is easy for the infant to digest. B) The fat in breast milk is difficult for the infant to digest. C) The DHA found in breast milk is essential to the development of the infant's nervous system and retina. D) The antibodies and immune factors found in breast milk help to protect the infant from infection.
B
Which of the following is NOT a physiological change that typically occurs as a person ages? A) decreased taste and smell acuity B) decreased fat mass C) decreased bone density D) decreased lean body mass
B
Which of the following is NOT a strong influence on adolescent food patterns? A) personal food preferences B) parents C) peers D) their own sense of what foods comprise a healthful, adequate diet
B
Which of the following stimulates the thirst mechanism? A) elevated blood volume and pressure B) dryness of the mouth and throat tissues C) decreased concentration of solutes in the blood D) eating sweet-tasting foods
B
Which statement regarding thiamin is FALSE? A) It plays a role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters. B) It is often toxic when consumed in excess. C) It plays a critical role in the breakdown of glucose for energy. D) It acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids.
B
Why is it strongly recommended that infants NOT consume honey? A) Honey can lead to chronic diarrhea in infants. B) Honey contains spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C) Infants do not like the taste of honey. D) Honey consumption during infancy is associated with the development of dental caries.
B
A dietary supplement can be removed from the market for which of the following reasons? A) if it contains tissues from animal organs or glands B)if it does not meet federal guidelines on purity, quality safety, and composition C) if it cannot substantiate all label claims D) if it has not been approved by the FDA
C
A group of fat-soluble plant pigments that are the basis for the orange, red, and deep yellow colors of many fruits and vegetables are called A) chlorophylls. B) provitamins. C) carotenoids. D) prooxidants.
C
A major dietary source of iodine worldwide is A) dairy products. B) fruits and vegetables. C) iodized table salt. D) salt water fish.
C
Adolescent acne is caused by A) eating fatty foods. B) lack of adequate fluid intake. C) hormonal changes. D) consumption of chocolate.
C
At what point during pregnancy is adequate folate MOST important? A) immediately prior to delivery B) during the second trimester C) during the first four weeks after conception D) during the third trimester
C
Bob's physician has just diagnosed him with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following would NOT be good advice for Bob to follow to increase his body's absorption of dietary iron? A) cooking his foods in cast-iron pans B) eating meat with beans and vegetables C) drinking a glass of milk with his iron supplement D) drinking a glass of orange juice with his breakfast cereal
C
Chromium assists in the uptake of which of the following? A) potassium B) sodium C) glucose D) calcium
C
During the second and third trimesters, the caloric needs of a pregnant woman increase by how many kilocalories per day? A) 350 to 750 B) 350 to 500 C) 350 to 450 D) 350 to 600
C
Excess consumption of what nutrient during pregnancy is associated with birth defects? A) vitamin C B) iron C) vitamin A D) calcium
C
Iron absorption is highest when A) iron stores are high. B) iron intake is high. C) iron stores are low. D) stomach acid is low.
C
Milk that is low in fat and produced first in a nursing session is known as A) colostrum. B) hindmilk. C) foremilk. D) final milk.
C
On average, which of the following individuals would have the highest percentage of body water? A) 35-year-old lean woman B) 35-year-old overweight woman C) 35-year-old lean man D) 35-year-old overweight man
C
Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is based on the A) mother's height. B) mother's weight at the end of the first trimester. C) mother's weight before becoming pregnant. D) size of the fetus at 3 months' gestation.
C
The RDA for which nutrient decreases with age, for women? A) calcium B) vitamin D C) iron D) vitamin C
C
The average person will absorb no more than how many mg of calcium at one time? A) 1500 B) 1000 C) 500 D) 200
C
The bioavailability of calcium from spinach is limited because of the leafy green's A) low protein content. B) low calcium content. C) high levels of oxalates. D) high vitamin C content.
C
The lack of which nutrient in the diet can lead to night blindness in children? A) iodine B) zinc C) vitamin A D) vitamin C
C
The most common nutritional deficiency worldwide is A) protein. B) vitamin A. C) iron. D) iodine.
C
Vitamin D toxicity is associated with A) suntan lotions. B) seafood. C) supplements. D) sunburns.
C
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in 16) A) fiber. B) vitamin C. C) fat. D) calcium.
C
What nutrient is added to municipal water supplies to promote healthy teeth formation? A) chlorine B) vitamin D C) fluoride D) sodium
C
Which of the following are required components of antioxidant enzyme systems? A) antioxidant vitamins B) phytochemicals C) antioxidant minerals D) gastrointestinal microflora
C
Which of the following foods are good sources of magnesium? A) citrus fruits B) french fries and onion rings C) green leafy vegetables D) soft drinks and fruit juices
C
Which of the following foods would be the BEST dietary source of preformed vitamin A? A) cantaloupe B) rice C) eggs D) carrots
C
Which of the following foods would be the BEST source of dietary calcium for a young toddler? A) skim milk B) spinach C) whole milk D) yogurt
C
Which of the following individuals would LEAST likely need dietary supplementation? A) people with lactose intolerance B) people who eat a vegan diet C) people who eat a balanced diet D) pregnant teenagers
C
Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin C? A) assists in the synthesis of collagen B) enhances the absorption of dietary iron C) prevents the common cold D) ensures proper wound healing
C
Which of the following is the BEST source of thiamin? A) green leafy vegetables B) citrus fruits C) pork products D) milk
C
Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity? A) vitamins C and K B) thiamin and riboflavin C) vitamins A and D D) vitamins E and B12
C
Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized? A) vitamin D B) vitamin B12 C) vitamin C D) folate
C
Research studies have consistently demonstrated an association between a reduced risk of cancer and A) the use of vitamin C supplements. B) the use of beta-carotene supplements. C) increased consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids. D) increased consumption of fruits and vegetables.
D
The MOST critical role that vitamin A plays in the human body is A) maintaining a healthy immune system. B) acting as an antioxidant and scavenging free radicals. C) maintaining a healthy reproductive system. D) maintaining healthy vision.
D
The RDA for carbohydrate for toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, teens, and adults is how many grams per day? A) 95 B) 250 C) 10 D) 130
D
The chronic overconsumption of which of the following foods can result in a biotin deficiency? A) natural licorice B) grapefruit juice C) herbal tea D) raw egg whites
D
The point in life at which our bones are the densest is called what? A) pubertal bone density B) menopausal bone density C) late adulthood bone density D) peak bone density
D
The stimulus that is needed for continued and sustained production of breast milk is A) ovulation. B) high protein intake by the mother. C) high fluid intake by the mother. D) infant suckling.
D
What is one of the long-term health risks of drinking alcohol? A) Increased risk of prostate cancer B) Increased risk of weight loss C) Increased risk of heart disease D) Increased risk of breast cancer
D
Where do humans obtain vitamin D? A) intestinal bacteria B) moonlight C) stomach bacteria D) sunlight
D
Which of the following are two fat-soluble vitamins that humans obtain from non-dietary sources? A) A and D B) C and D C) D and E D) D and K
D
Which of the following do sodium and potassium NOT have in common? A) Both participate in maintaining fluid balance. B) Both are involved in nerve transmission. C) Both are major electrolytes in the body. D) Rich sources of both include fresh foods, such as bananas, cantaloupe, and potatoes.
D
Which of the following explains why folate is critical to the health of a newly conceived embryo? A) Folate is essential for maintaining proper fluid balance. B) Folate regulates bone formation. C) Folate is essential for heart function. D) Folate is needed for proper cell division.
D
Which of the following foods are the richest sources of vitamin E? A) milk and dairy products B) meat, fish, and poultry C) fruits and vegetables D) mayonnaise, vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds
D
Which of the following is NOT a factor that indicates an infant is ready to accept solid foods? A) The infant can sit up with or without support. B) The infant's tongue extrusion reflex has begun to abate. C) The infant is at least six months old. D) The infant has high stores of iron.
D
Which of the following refers to the two-step process in which bone tissue is recycled? A) bone growth B) bone regeneration C) bone modeling D) bone remodeling
D
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals? A) Exposure to pollution increases free radical production. B) Many diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, are linked to free radical damage. C) Free radicals are formed as a by-product of healthy metabolism. D) Our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals
D
Which of the following terms is synonymous with the word malignant? A) benign B) undifferentiated C) tumor D) cancerous
D
Which of the following will NOT help establish healthful eating habits in toddlers? A) Model healthful eating. B) Provide small meals alternated with nutritious snacks. C) Use positive reinforcement to encourage healthful behaviors. D) Use food as a reward for healthful behaviors.
D
Which of the following would NOT be a good strategy for increasing vitamin C in the diet? A) serving corn chips with salsa B) making a salad with strawberries, kiwi fruit, cantaloupe, and orange slices C) eating raw red, green, and yellow peppers with a low-fat dip D) boiling vegetables to bring the vitamin to the surface of the food
D
Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins? A) Over-consumption of fat-soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity symptoms. B) Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with dietary fat. C) Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in adipose tissue and the liver. D) Fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed on a daily basis.
D
Which of the following is NOT a reason athletes have higher dietary protein needs than sedentary individuals? During exercise, additional protein is needed to repair the tissue damaged during exercise. During exercise, protein is used as a primary source of energy. During exercise, more protein is needed to carry oxygen in the blood. During exercise, additional protein is needed to make glucose to prevent hypoglycemia.
During exercise, protein is used as a primary source of energy
Previously known as the Food Stamp program, the new name for the USDA program that provides food assistance to families facing food insecurity is the Child and Adult Care Program. Commodity Supplemental Food Program. Nutrition Services Incentive Program. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Which of the following individuals will benefit the MOST from consuming a sports beverage? elderly person who is taking a diuretic adult who participates in regular physical activity 30 minutes a day athlete who exercises intensely for more than one hour child who will not drink milk
athlete who exercises intensely for more than one hour
The inner portion of the zygote that implants in the uterine lining is called the fetus. embryo. placenta. blastocyst.
blastocyst
To achieve peak bone capacity in adolescence, adequate _______ intakes are critical. calcium and vitamin D iron and potassium selenium and vitamin E B vitamin
calcium and vitamin D
Which of the following is NOT a reason that vitamin D and calcium supplements are recommended for elderly individuals? Calcium is critical for optimal wound healing. Risk of fractures increases when vitamin D is below 800 IU/day. Bone mineral density declines with age. Older adults frequently use sunscreen, which inhibits the synthesis of vitamin D.
calcium is critical for optimal wound healing
Which of the following is NOT a vitamin? pantothenic acid riboflavin biotin choline
choline
A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it and help it do its job is called a ____. antioxidant vitamin precursor coenzyme
coenzyme
The first milk released after birth, rich in protein, micronutrients, and antibodies, is called _____. DHA meconium prolactin colostrum
colostrum
Which of the following would NOT be a good strategy for increasing vitamin E in the diet? deep-frying foods in corn or safflower oils eating a peanut butter sandwich snacking on vegetables throughout the day adding sunflower seeds to salads
deep-frying foods in corn or safflower
Which of the following is NOT associated with gestational diabetes? increased fetal risk of developing overweight later in life delivery of a low birth weight infant increased fetal risk of developing metabolic disorders later in life increased maternal risk of developing type 2 diabetes
delivery of a low birth weight infant
The requirement for nearly all nutrients in pregnancy is to provide for the development of the fetus without ____________. overdeveloping or overfeeding it developing it too slowly depriving the mother of necessary nutrients developing it too quickly
depriving the mother of necessary nutrients
Which of the following outcomes for offspring has NOT been linked to maternal obesity? increased risk of breast cancer increased risk of adult obesity developmental delays neural tube defects
developmental delays
When does bone growth and modeling start? during infancy during childhood during fetal development at birth
during fetal development
The ideal nutritional strategy for optimizing health is to eat foods you like and take a one-a-day supplement. eat a healthful diet but take a one-a-day supplement "to be sure." eat what you want but take a supplement containing 100% or more of recommended levels. eat a healthful diet containing a variety of whole foods.
eat a healthful diet containing a variety of whole foods
Which of the following foods would be the BEST dietary source of preformed vitamin A? cantaloupe eggs carrots rice
eggs
Found in meat, poultry, and fish, the meat factor helps absorb dietary manganese, folate, and vitamin B6. enhances iron absorption. enhances absorption of dietary folate by the mother during pregnancy. metabolizes protein and fat.
enhances iron absorption
Which component of the blood is essential in transporting oxygen to body cells? plasma platelets leukocytes erythrocytes
erythrocytes
If a healthy individual were to consume too much calcium from the diet, which of the following is MOST likely to occur? excess calcium excreted in the feces hypercalcemia toxicity symptoms, including nausea and dizziness accumulation of calcium in the soft tissues of the body
excess calcium excreted in the feces
Because of their increased protein needs, it is unhealthy for athletes to choose to become vegetarians. True False
false
Diets high in protein are associated with low blood cholesterol levels. True False
false
Diseases that cause malabsorption of fat can result in a vitamin C deficiency. True False
false
Due to oxidative stress, older adults need to increase their consumption of both vitamin C and vitamin E. True False
false
During pregnancy women should not consume fish or fish products. True False
false
Individuals taking diuretics should always increase their dietary potassium intake. True False
false
Iodine is naturally found in many foods and beverages. True False
false
Parents should force their children to eat healthy foods to avoid obesity. True False
false
People who abstain from alcohol should be encouraged to start drinking in moderation for the potential health benefits associated with alcohol consumption. True False
false
Taking supplements will increase your energy level. True False
false
The B-vitamins provide a good source of energy for the body. True False
false
The growth spurt starts earlier in boys than in girls. True False
false
The majority of a man's bone is built by the age of 15. True False
false
The oxygen-carrying protein found in skeletal muscle is hemoglobin. True False
false
Thiamin, consumed in excess, is toxic. True False
false
Insufficient intake of iron will FIRST affect which of the following levels in the body? hematocrit hemoglobin ferritin transferrin
ferritin
In which trimester of pregnancy is the fetus the most vulnerable to teratogens? first second third fourth
first
Which of the following habits would LEAST likely promote longevity? moderate alcohol intake quitting smoking limiting physical activity to less than 20 minutes a day dieting to maintain a healthful BMI
limiting physical activity to less than 20 minutes a day
Sulfur is required by the _____ to assist with the detoxification of alcohol and drugs. liver intestines kidneys pancreas
liver
Studies indicate that breastfeeding for at least 3 to 6 months _______. lowers rates of overweight and obesity later in life for the infant helps a mother regain her prepregnancy weight increases the likelihood of sudden infant death syndrome has about the same nutritional effect as using infant formula
lowers rates of overweight and obesity later in life for the infant
What does research in exercise-induced leanness suggest about extending the life span? Maintaining overall energy balance helps prolong life span. Calorie restriction is the most important element in prolonging life span. Exercise-induced leanness increases the risks for osteoporosis and fractures, reducing life span. People genetically predisposed toward a lean body type live longer.
maintaining overall energy balance helps prolong life span
Unless prescribed by a qualified practitioner, taking a single-nutrient supplement is NOT recommended because it may quickly lead to a nutrient toxicity. might reduce your appetite. might lead to a nutrient dependency. will cost too much money.
may quickly lead to a nutrient toxicity
The animal form of vitamin K produced by bacteria in the large intestine is prothrombin. phylloquinone. osteocalcin. menaquinone.
menaquinone
According to certain studies, exposure of a fetus to famine in the first trimester of pregnancy can result in high risk for the development of what disease in adulthood? osteoporosis metabolic syndrome colon cancer celiac disease
metabolic syndrome
Dowager's hump is one characteristic of rickets. the female athlete triad. fluorosis. osteoporosis.
osteoporosis
Which of the following is NOT a strong influence on adolescent food patterns? peers their own sense of what foods comprise a healthful, adequate diet parents personal food preferences
parents
The fastest-growing age subgroup in the United States today is young adults. children under age 2. people 85 years of age and older. people in their 40s.
people 85 years of age and older
Taking vitamin E or K supplements can be harmful for elderly people. people who take Coumadin. newborns. people on prolonged weight-loss diets.
people who take Coumadin
Which of the following does NOT contribute to chronic dehydration in elderly individuals? Perspiration increases as we age. Kidney function changes with advancing age. Older adults may limit fluid intake due to urinary incontinence. The thirst mechanism is impaired in the elderly.
perspiration increases as we age
Puberty is the phase of life in which ______. bone mineralization slows secondary sex characteristics develop and people become biologically capable of reproducing skeletal growth ceases with the closure of epiphyseal plates women may experience amenorrhea, or loss of menstruation
secondary sex characteristics develop and people become biologically capable of reproducing
Which of the following is a critical component of the glutathione peroxidase antioxidant enzyme system? selenomethionine thyroxine selenocysteine calcium
selenocysteine
Alcohol provides how many kilocalories per gram? four seven two nine
seven
Which of the following health problems is NOT associated with high protein intakes? sickle cell anemia kidney disease high blood cholesterol increased urea production
sickle cell anemia
Which meal is the highest contributor to dietary vitamin K intake? Yogurt and granola for a snack Oatmeal with milk and blueberries at breakfast Chicken marinated in one tablespoon canola oil served with sweet potatoes and cauliflower for dinner Spinach salad with broccoli, red peppers, and ranch dressing at lunch
spinach salad with broccoli, red peppers, and ranch dressing at lunch
A primary concern about breastfeeding is that _______. the effects of drugs and other substances in breast milk can cause symptoms in babies it is inconvenient it creates extreme discomfort for the mother it is costly
the effects of drugs and other substances in breast milk can cause symptoms in babies
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breastfeeding for the infant? The protein in breast milk is easy for the infant to digest. The DHA found in breast milk is essential to the development of the infant's nervous system and retina. The infant does not absorb the unhealthy levels of fat in breast milk. The antibodies and immune factors found in breast milk help to protect the infant from infection.
the infant does not absorb the unhealthy levels of fat in breast milk
A primary advantage of breastfeeding is that _____. it is a widely-accepted practice outside of the home the nutritional quality of breast milk is best for infants it helps the mother maintain her breast size and shape it is safer than formula for not transmitting disease
the nutritional quality of breast milk is best for infants
Which of the following correctly describes "milk displacement"? the recent surge in formula use the self-weaning of an infant from breast milk the avoidance of dairy products due to the fear of agricultural contaminants the selection of low-nutrient beverages (e.g., soda) in place of milk
the selection of low-nutrient beverages (e.g., soda) in place of milk
Cancer progresses in ______ stages. three two eight six
three
Which food is a good source of protein an encouraged for toddlers on a vegan diet? Legumes Whole grains Fish Tofu
tofu
A diet rich in potassium has been shown to help maintain a healthy blood pressure. True False
true
A healthy pregnant woman is in positive nitrogen balance. True False
true
Because of a condition known as atrophic gastritis, older adults sometimes need to be given periodic injections of B12. True False
true
Complete avoidance of all alcoholic beverages is the only way for most people who abuse alcohol to achieve full and ongoing recovery. True False
true
Excessive consumption of vitamin A supplements can be highly toxic. True False
true
Geographical location affects one's ability to synthesize vitamin D. True False
true
Girls gain more body fat through adolescence than do boys. True False
true
Guinea pigs and humans are two groups that cannot synthesize their own vitamin C and must consume it in their diet. True False
true
Individuals with hypertension should limit their dietary sodium intake to less than 1.5 grams a day. True False
true
Milk is a good source of riboflavin. True False
true
Moderate alcohol consumption increases "good" cholesterol (HDL) and lowers "bad" cholesterol (LDL). True False
true
People who live in the northernmost parts of the United States cannot get adequate sun exposure to synthesize vitamin D in the winter months. True False
true
Sodium and chloride are the predominant electrolytes in the extracellular fluid. True False
true
Sodium is an essential nutrient necessary for human health. True False
true
The FDA must prove a supplement is unsafe before it can be removed from the market. True False
true
The bioavailability of calcium depends in part on the age of the person consuming the calcium-containing food. True False
true
The human body typically absorbs less than 20% of the iron consumed in the diet. True False
true
The protein collagen forms the strong fibers in bone and connective tissue. True False
true
There are no known side effects associated with consuming large amounts of vitamin K from supplements or food. True False
true
There are very few natural food sources of vitamin D. True False
true
Trabecular bone has a faster turnover rate than cortical bone. True False
true
When dietary intake of calcium is low, the body takes calcium from bone. True False
true
Women absorb a greater percentage of a given alcohol intake as compared to men of the same size. True False
true
Most forms of cancer result in the formation of _________. tumors soft fingernails and toenails blurry spots in front of the eyes delusions
tumors