FTM 217 Final Exam Review
What is the final step in creating a design - design brief?
Creating the garment specification sheet
The textile industry in the U.S. has three major, almost equal, sections. What are they?
Household textiles, Apparel, Industrial textiles
What do the three P's stand for in sustainability?
People, Planet, and Profit
The operations area in a company includes what functions?
Preproduction, Material management, Quality assurance, Sourcing, Production, Logistics, Distribution
What's the strategy that's usually adopted by a retailer to gain advantage in the market by dealing directly with production contractors?
Private label branding
What do trade associations do?
Promote their industry segments, Conduct market research, Sponsor trade shows, Develop and distribute educational materials
describe what a brand is
a brand is a company that is well-rounded and has success across the board. this would include being innovative, having a strong identity, maintaining a positive image to customers and loyal customers. a brand is also competitive and consistent over time.
Most companies produce a sewn prototype. This provides the opportunity to do what?
test the design in the selected materials/fabric(s), evaluate the style on a live fit model, test the construction sequence, use a physical sample to perform a cost analysis for materials and labor costs, see all the styles in the line as a whole
During the first adoption meeting the following may be considered?
the target customer profiles for various styles within the line, how the styles coordinate or work together, the concept or inspiration for the line
why did some of our students in their senior design project create elephant collars for the US Army?
to help keep elephants in Africa from trampling vegetable gardens
the word textiles comes from the latin word textere. what does textere mean?
to weave
What are some of the advantages of domestic production?
trade barriers are not a concern, shipping time and costs may be lower, known culture, known infrastructure, consumers may prefer "Made in America"
Fashion trend research often includes use of what resources?
trade publications, fashion forecasting services, shopping the market
It is essential that the fabrics and trim colors of the finished product match the intended color swatch
true
Labor is usually the single largest cost in making a garment.
true
Recent estimates are that the U.S. textile industry exported to 218 countries, with 29 countries importing $100 million or more.
true
The marketing and sales division includes those who conduct marketing research for the company as well as regional sales managers and sales representatives.
true
The textile industry is also a key contributor to our national defense and supplies over 8,000 products a year to our men and women in uniform.
true
Those in the finance area of an apparel company are responsible for the overall financial health of companies and work closely with all other areas.
true
an oligopsony exists when there are a small number of buyers for goods and services offered by a large number of sellers
true
in an oligopoly a few companies dominate and essentially have control of the market, thereby making it hard for other companies to enter
true
textile jobbers buy and sell fabric without any involvement in producing or finishing the fabric
true
textile mills transform basic fibers into a product (yarn or fabric)
true
unimproved water and sanitation have been identified as a major cause of diarrhea for children in the public health literature, which globally accounts for approximately 1.4 million child deaths each year. even simple cotton cloth can make a major difference in water filtration
true
which of these statements about partnerships are true
unincorporated firm owned by two or more persons; expertise and responsibilities are spread among multiple principals; profits are taxed on each partner's personal income
the three basic kinds of fabrics are
woven, knits, nonwovens
match the manmade fiber with the major classification
bamboo- natural polymer based fibers rayon- natural polymer based fibers fiberglass- mineral based and specialty fibers polyester- synthetic polymer based fibers acrylic- synthetic polymer based fibers nylon- synthetic polymer based fibers
what had the company chosen to make the space suits made before
bras
what are some of the major trends now
corporate social responsibility, fast fashion, e-commerce
which of the following statements about cotton are true
cotton is a plant of the genus Gossypium which includes 32 species; a 5-lock ball of cotton fiber can have a half million fibers; cotton is grown throughout the southern United States; cotton fiber from the field is composed of 87% to 90% cellulose and 5% to 8% water
match the name of the fiber to the source of the fiber
cotton- a plant polyester- petroleum cashmere- Kashmir goat rayon- cellulose qiviut- musk ox recycled polyester fibers- plastic soda bottles wool-sheep mohair- Angora goat
sweatshops have never been a major issue in the United States
false
describe what fashion is
fashion is a broad term and is a style of consumer product that is perceived to be socially appropriate for time and situation. Fashion is evolutionary and not revolutionary in its development, understanding the history of fashion enables researchers to predict the prevailing style
what is ready to wear?
fashion merchandise that is completely made and ready to be worn
which of the following are form the four components of textile production?
fiber processing, yarn spinning, fabric finishing
during the covid-19 pandemic personal protective equipment for healthcare workers has been in short supply. what are some examples of PPE?
gowns, scrubs, respirators, face masks
what are some of the ways American Giant decided to compete
high quality products, direct sales online
what are some of the challenges Bayard Winthrop faced in creating Made in America sweatshirts?
higher labor costs than international competitors; supply chain was broken, he had to create one
Kathy Ireland's business has over 12,000 products. Which product line brings in the largest part of the revenue?
home furnishings including window treatments
what are some of the advantages of fur
it is biodegradable, it is warm
match the product or technology that is associated with the country presented
kente cloth- Ghana legend of the "spider woman"- Navajo Nation batik- Indonesia Tapa, also known as barkcloth- Fiji early industrialization of spinning and weaving- England Silk- China and Italy crochet- Ireland 45 million textile jobs- India development of synthetic dyes- 19th century France
What are some of the reasons that New England became the first major textile manufacturing site in the United States?
labor, capital, power, mechanical skills
what are some of the new materials favored by vegans?
leather like products made from fungi, spier silk made from yeast
everyday over 1200 children die with malaria transmitted due to mosquito bites. what are some of the ways textiles are used to reduce malaria-related deaths
long lasting insecticidal nets; insecticide treated clothing; mosquito repellent fabrics
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 is about what?
maternal, child, and adolescent health
in the United States what was the first market for ready to wear?
men's clothing
describe two finishing processes other than color
napping and embossing. napping refers to a raised texture of a fabric's surface which can be seen in velvet and other fabrics. embossing is when a pattern or image is created on the surface of a fabric through the use of heat and pressure
Which of the following are classified as natural fibers?
natural cellulose fibers of plant origin, natural protein from animal origin
the first fiber to be synthesized entirely from chemicals was
nylon
three important keywords to remember for finding information are?
outcome, context, intervention
the NC State Libraries have amazing resources for students and faculty. these resources include?
over 99,000 subscriptions, over 5 million volumes, more than 500 article databases
what are three forms of business ownership
partnership, sole proprietorship, corporation
match the following technology developments to the time frames they were introduced
power loom- 1785-1787 spinning machine- 1764 sewing machine- 1832-46 cotton gin- 1794
Which of the following are typical competitive strategies in the textiles and apparel industries?
price, quality, innovation, services, social benefit of the merchandise
What does FTAR stand for?
Fiber Textile Apparel Retail
In class we discussed the designer Dries Van Noten. What is one of the primary sources of design inspiration for Dries Van Noten? What unusual technique did he use to make this source even more interesting?
Flowers and nature. He froze flower arrangements in blocks of ice and filmed the blocks as they melted and the shapes changed.
What was one of the inspirations for Drie Van Noten's 2015 spring/summer women's wear according to the NY times article?
Flowers in the Amsterdam market
describe one of the presentations on the history of textiles other than your own. why was this presentation interesting to you? what was the most surprising thing you learned from this presentation
The presentations that were most interesting to me were about textiles in India. I thought this was really interesting because I love how they utilize so many bright colors and fun patterns in their textiles. The one thing that was most surprising to me about textiles in India is how little they have changed over time. They have managed to maintain their processes and look by not changing over time which is very different from textiles in America and around the rest of the world.
Government statistics show that in major textile producing states, one textile job supports five additional jobs in a community.
false
Who were the original Luddites?
People who were opposed to new technologies and smashed powered looms and other textile machinery.
How many Sustainable Development Goals have the nation members of the United Nations agreed upon for 2030?
17
Approximately how many people in the world die from malaria every year
400,000
Describe the role of a designer in your own words.
A designer's role is just that- to design. The designer is going to be the one coming up with the new products and while they may collaborate with other people during the process, they are who is determining all of the elements of the product from the color, the fabric, etc.
The designer often has some specific design details in mind that need to be conveyed to the patternmaker and sample sewer in order to create the sample or prototype garment at the next stage of the design process. These details, as well as other vital information, are conveyed on what?
A garment/product specification sheet
What is a design brief?
A guide for designers and includes the business aspects of the company to help develop a unified brand identity and strategy.
Describe at least five characteristics of a target market.
A target market has many different characteristics such as type of career, stage of career, geographic location, education, attitudes, values, price consciousness, etc. Geographic location is important when looking at what the target market wants to buy. For example, someone that lives in Southern Alabama isn't going to be as concerned with buying good winter snow boots compared to someone living in Alaska. Price consciousness and career can also go hand in hand when determining how much money the target market is willing to spend. For example, whether the target market is more likely to buy new sneakers from Walmart or Nike.
Consumer research provides information about consumer characteristics and consumer behavior. -Demographics -Psychographics What are some of the psycographic characteristics discussed in our book?
Attitudes, Motives, Values, Buying habits
What are some examples of medical textiles used in a healthcare provider's practice?
Bandages, Casts, Diapers, Feminine hygiene products
Applied Market Research includes what three types of research?
Consumer research, Product research, Market analysis
Give some examples of where design inspiration comes from.
Design inspiration can come from pretty much anywhere. It could come from your favorite movies or tv shows, the people around you, the last place you traveled, and so much more.
Some of the factors influencing our distribution strategies include the marketing channels we are considering. The following are types of marketing channels:
Direct marketing channel, Limited marketing channel, Extended marketing channel
Each style is reviewed for a number of reasons. These include:
Fabrics and trim, Relationship to rest of line, Styling, Production, Cost
Discuss one of the presentations of design inspiration from someone in the class (other than yourself) that you found interesting and say why.
I thought the lightning-proof rain jacket was interesting because that is something I've never really thought about but could be beneficial. While she was correct that there is an extremely low chance that you get struck by lightning, we often use umbrellas when it's raining but we're told they're not safe when it's lightning. Having a rain jacket that is also lightning-proof could be a new and interesting product.
Which designer shocked the fashion world by deciding to not make any more ready-to-wear and to focus only on couture?
Jean Paul Gaultier
what are some of the places American Giant gets the materials for its products and the labor for making them?
Knitting in North & South Carolina; yarn from South Carolina; dyeing and finishing in North Carolina; knitting in North and South Carolina; cutting and sewing in North Carolina
What are some of the textile-related methods of reducing deaths from malaria?
Long-lasting insecticidal treated nets, Insecticide-treated clothing, Mosquito repellent fabric
William Ivey Long is a famous Broadway costume designer whom we discussed in class. Where does he get many of his design inspirations?
Magazines and other print materials from the area and time of the play.
Name the four types of apparel producers.
Manufacturers, Jobbers, Contractors, Licensors
What are some of the costs a designer must estimate in determining the initial cost estimate? List at least three.
Material Cost Trim and Findings Cost Labor Cost Other Costs Target Costing
Dr. Leonas talked about six major goals of sustainability. Discuss three of these goals.
One of the goals was to create better standards of education and healthcare. She said that this should be done particularly as it pertains to water quality and better sanitation. Another goal she described was to achieve sustainability across all areas- land, sea, and air. A third goal she described was to tackle other problems such as climate change and pollution since those have a large effect on people's overall health.
What are some of the advantages of a retail store in having its own private label?
One of the main advantages is lower prices. By cutting out the apparel company and their profit, the retail store is able to sell products for lower prices. Another advantage is that the retail store is able to work directly with the contractor for production.
Describe in your own words the difference between ready-to-wear and couture.
Ready to wear is made in large quantities and ready to be bought by the consumer in a store. There are set sizes, such as small, medium, large, and they are made in large quantities. Couture, on the other hand, is made specifically for the customer. This means that it is often one of a kind or one of very few and it is made specifically to the measurements of the client.
What are some of the trends we consider when doing long-term forecasting?
Sociological, Psychological, Political, Global
In medical textiles, the pandemic has created shortages of PPE (personal protective equipment). What are some examples of PPE?
Surgical masks, Protective gloves, N95 masks, Isolation gown
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Sustainability is a complex topic that draws from many disciplines and the issues are intertwined with one another.
Greg Tourino, research librarian for textiles and engineering gave us a number of excellent sources for doing research for our projects. which of these did he say were especially good?
US Newstream, Nexis Uni, Newspaper Source Plus
describe what vertical integration means for a company doing domestic production
Vertical integration for a company doing domestic production means different stages of production are being done by different companies. The main difference is that this would be done by multiple companies in the country they are based out of rather than outsourcing to countries like China and India.
Unimproved water and sanitation have been identified as a major cause of diarrhea for children in the public health literature, which globally accounts for approximately 1.4 million child deaths each year. What are some of the ways textiles are used to reduce these deaths?
Water filters for use in the home, Simple water filters in straws for individual use
What type of price is usually determined by the brand/manufacturer?
Wholesale price
Textile converters buy griege goods from mills; have the fabrics dyed, printed, or finished; and then sell the finished fabrics. Textile converters focus on the following:
aesthetic finishing (glazing, crinkling), dyeing or printing fabrics, performance finishes (colorfast, stain resistant, water resistant, durable pressed)
three reasons that much of the textile industry moved from New England to the southern states are:
cheap electricity, cheap labor, proximity to raw materials
