Functional Ability EAQ
Which joint permits movement in any direction? a. Pivot Joint b. Hinge joint c. Biaxial joint d. Ball-and-socket joint
Answer: D: Ball-and-socket joint permits movement in any direction. Pivot joint permit rotation. Hinge joint allow motion in one plane. Biaxial joints permit gliding movement.
A nurse performs full range of motion exercises on a client's extremities. When putting an ankle through range of motion exercises what must the nurse perform? a. Flexion, extension and rotation b. Abduction, flexion, adduction, and extension c. Pronation, supination, rotation, and extension d. Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, eversion, and inversion
Answer: D: Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, eversion and inversion movements include all possible ranges of motions for the ankle joint.
Which musculoskeletal system changes associated in older adult clients? a. Decreased in height b. decreased neck rigidity c. increased fine motor dexterity d. increased range of motion
answer: A: Loss of height and deformity and shortening of the trunk are common in older adults due to vertebral compression and degeneration.
A client diagnosed with myasthenia gravis is concerned about fluctuations in physical condition and generalized weakness. When caring for this client it is most important for the nurse to plan which intervention? a. Space activities throughout the day b. restrict activities and encourage bed rest c. teach the client about limitations imposed by the disorder d. have a family member stay at the bedside to give the client support
answer: A: Spacing activities encourages maximum functioning within the limits of the client's strength and endurance.
A nurse understands that the primary purpose for a client to undergo reconstructive surgery is to do what? a. Restore function and or appearance b. replace an organ or tissue c. relieve or reduce symptoms d. remove or excise an organ or tissue
answer: A: The main function of reconstructive surgery is to restore function and or appearance. This type of surgery includes plastic surgery, a term that is interchangeable with reconstructive surgery. In reconstructive surgery, repairs are made and malformations corrected that are congenital, a result of disease process, or from traumatic injury.
What are examples of a client's flat bones? Select all that apply a. sacrum b. scapula c. sternum d. humerus e. mandible
answer: B,C: flat bones such as the scapula and sternum are compact bones separated by a layer of cancellous bone that contains bone marrow.
Which structure protects a client's internal organs, supports blood cell production, and stores minerals? a. Joints b. bones c. muscles d. cartilage
answer: B: Bones are the framework of the body they support and protect internal organs. They also help in stem cell production from bone marrow and they store minerals.
Which nursing intervention prevents foot drop in a client with osteomyelitis? A. Elevating the foot with the use of pillows B. consistently flexing the affected extremity C. encouraging the client to change positions D. neutral positioning of the foot with the use of a splint
answer: D: A client with osteomyelitis is at an increased risk for foot drop, which results in an abnormal gait. Neutral positioning of the foot with the use of a splint can reduce the risk of foot drop in a client with osteomyelitis.
A nurse is assessing a child with suspected autism. At what age does the nurse determine that the signs of autism initially may be evident? a. 2 years b. 6 years c. 6 months d. 1 to 3 months
Answer: A: By two years of age the child should demonstrate an interest in others, communicate verbally, and possess the ability to learn from the environment. Before the age when these skills develop, autism is difficult to diagnose.
Which joint in the human body is an example of a condyloid joint? a. Wrist joint b. Elbow joint c. Shoulder joint d. Sacroiliac joint
Answer: A: The wrist is an example of a condyloid joint. It is a joint between the radial and carpals.
A client with Myasthenia Gravis has been receiving neostigmine and asks about its action. What information about its action should the nurse consider when formulating a response? a. Stimulates the cerebral cortex b. Blocks the action of cholinesterase c. Replaces deficient neurotransmitters d. Accelerates transmission along neural sheaths
Answer: B: Neostigmine, an anticholinesterase, inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine, thus prolonging neurotransmission
A client with myasthenia gravis experiences generalized weakness. What is the most important when planning this client's nursing care? a. Maintaining bed rest b. Providing frequent rest periods c. Reassuring the client that there are many tasks that still can be performed d. Arranging for a relative to be present
Answer: B: Spacing activities encourages maximum functioning within the limits of the client's strength and fatigue.
Which ethnic group has a greater incidence of osteoporosis due to musculoskeletal differences? a. Irish Americans b. African Americans c. Chinese Americans d. Egyptian Americans
Answer: C: Chinese Americans have an increased incidence of osteoporosis because they have shorter and smaller bones with lower bone density.
A client is diagnosed with Parkinson disease and receives a prescription for levodopa therapy period what does the nurse identify as the drugs mechanism of action? a. Blocks the effects of acetylcholine b. Increases the production of dopamine c. Restorers the dopamine levels in the brain d. Promotes the production of acetylcholine
Answer: C: Levodopa is a precursor of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter it increases dopamine levels in the brain that are depleted in Parkinson disease.
A nurse is advising a client about the risks associated with failing to seek treatment for acute pharyngitis caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus. For what health problem is the client at risk? a. Asthma b. Anemia c. Endocarditis d. Reye syndrome
Answer: C: Streptococcal infection can be spread through the circulation to the heart, endocarditis results and affects the valves of the heart.
A 10-year-old child in whom autism was diagnosed at the age of three years attends a school for developmentally disabled children and lives with parents. The child has frequent episodes of self-biting and head-banging and needs help with feeding and toileting. What is the priority nursing goal for this child? a. Controlling repetitive behaviors b. being able to feed independently c. remaining safe from self-inflicted injury d. developing control of urinary elimination
Answer: C: The priority is safety the child must be protected from self-harm.
Which structure connects the client's tibia to the femur at the knee joint? a. Fascia b. Bursae c. tendons d. ligaments
Answer: D: A ligament is a dense, fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone, such as the tibia to the femur at the knee joint. Ligaments provide stability while permitting controlled movement at the joint.
Which term should the nurse use to describe synovial joint movement that moves away for the midline of the body? a. Inversion b. Extension c. Pronation Abduction
Answer: D: Abduction Is a synovial joint movement that involves movement of a part away from the midline of the body.
A nurse is providing post-operative teaching to a client who is scheduled to have an above the knee amputation. The client will use crutches during the post-operative period. Which activity will prepare the client for crutch walking? a. Lifting weights b. changing bed positions c. caring for the residual limb d. performing Phantom limb exercises
answer: A: Preparation for crutch walking includes exercises to strengthen our man shoulder muscles.
Non weight bearing with crutches has been prescribed for a client with a leg injury. The nurse provides teaching before ambulation is begun period to facilitate walking with crutches, what is the most important activity the nurse should teach the client? a. Set up in a chair to help strengthen back muscles b. keep the unaffected leg in extension and abduction c. exercise the triceps, finger flexors, and elbow extensors d. use a trapeze frequently to strengthen the bicep muscles
answer: C: The triceps, finger flexors, and elbow extensors are used in crutch walking and therefore it needs strengthening.
What does the nurse explain happens during the transition from infanthood to toddlerhood? a. Reduced activity levels b. increased need for fats c. increased food choices d. reduced need for sleep
answer: D: As the infant enters the toddler stage, the need for sleep declines in the activity level increases.
A nurse is caring for a client with a below the knee amputation. What should the nurse encourage the client to do to prepare the residual limb for a prosthesis? a. Abduct the residual limb when ambulating b. dangle the residual limb off the bed frequently c. soak the residual limb in warm water twice a day d. press the end of the residual limb against a pillow periodically
answer: D: The client usually is instructed to press the end of the residual limb against a pillow to toughen the limb for weight bearing this process is begun by pushing the residual limb against increasingly harder surfaces.
A debilitated older client with glaucoma who places great value on independence is being prepared for discharge from the hospital period to promote independence, what should the nurse encourage the client to do? a. Prevent stressful events that can increase symptoms b. conserve eyesight by not reading or watching television c. perform household chores and shopping without assistance d. self-administer the eye medication using appropriate technique
answer: D: The responsibility for correctly doing this task will foster independence.
Which joint in the client's body is an example of a gliding joint? a. wrist b. elbow c. shoulder d. sacroiliac
answer: D: The sacroiliac joint connects the sacrum with the pelvis. This is a type of gliding joint, because one surface of the bone moves over another surface.