Fundamentals Chapter 2

The nurse should identify the need for further teaching when the client with diabetes who is taking daily insulin and follows a strict diet makes which statement? "I can achieve a maximum level of functioning." "I cannot possibly ever be considered as healthy." "I can achieve a high quality of health and life." "I have an illness, but I can feel as if I am healthy."

"I cannot possibly ever be considered as healthy."

Which nursing intervention is an example of tertiary preventive care? Assisting with speech therapy a client with a traumatic brain injury Administration of immunizations to a 6-month-old child Blood pressure screenings at a senior center Teaching stress reduction classes at a wellness center

Assisting with speech therapy a client with a traumatic brain injury

Why are health promotion and illness prevention a key responsibility of nurses? Chronic illnesses can cause pain and suffering. Treatment of chronic illnesses is very expensive. Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world. People do not like to be sick and feel bad.

Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world

Which method, instituted by Medicare in the 1980s, has resulted in controlling health care costs? Diagnostic Related Group (DRG) managed care capitation structured reimbursement

Diagnostic Related Group (DRG)

What are some examples of healthy self-care behaviors everyone should adopt? Select all that apply. Sleeping 7 to 8 hours each night Eating regular healthy meals Maintaining an ideal body weight Exercising infrequently Having a low self-esteem

Eating regular healthy meals Maintaining an ideal body weight Sleeping 7 to 8 hours each night

Risk factors for illness are divided into six categories. Working with carcinogenic chemicals is an example of which type of risk factor? Environmental risk factor Physiologic risk factor Health habits risk factor Lifestyle risk factor

Environmental risk factor

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease? It persists for a long time. It is a sequela of acute illness. It takes a long time to cure. It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.

It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.

The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. Which level of health promotion is this an example of? Primary Secondary Tertiary Medical

Primary

Which is an example of tertiary health promotion? Family counseling Water treatment Pap tests Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. This admission is the client's third admission within 90 days. The nurse educates the client with the goal of preventing readmission. Which nursing activity for this client would represent tertiary level prevention? Screening for tuberculosis Assessing for risk factors for heart disease Teaching about adhering to a low-sodium diet Screening for breast cancer every 5 years

Teaching about adhering to a low-sodium diet

A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care? Primary Secondary Tertiary Chronic

Tertiary

Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors? The Agent-Host-Environment Model The Health-Illness Continuum The High-Level Wellness Model The Health Belief Model

The Agent-Host-Environment Model

The body's attempt to restore balance through self-regulatory mechanisms is termed: homeostasis. equilibration. self-conception. biofeedback.

homeostasis.

Chronic illness may be characterized by periods of remission. Remission is best defined as: the presence of a disease with the absence of symptoms. the reappearance of symptoms of a disease. the response of a person to a disease. a pathologic change in the structure of function of the body or mind.

the presence of a disease with the absence of symptoms.

A 13-year-old client with cystic fibrosis who is being discharged confides in the nurse that her parents argue a lot. Sometimes, her mother has too much to drink and starts throwing things at people. At times she gets scared her mom will hurt someone. She feels as if she is causing her parents to fight and her mom to drink because she is always in the hospital. She also worries about getting a bad grade in school due to her many absences and not getting into a good college. According to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs, which issue should take priority when caring for this client? The client feels as if she is the cause of her family's dysfunction. The client's parents argue a lot. The client feels scared that her mother will hurt someone. The client is worried about getting a bad grade in school..

The client feels scared that her mother will hurt someone. - having a safe place is live- most important

An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation? Congenital illness Hereditary illness Acute illness Chronic illness

Chronic illness - usually have slow onset and many have periods of remission (the disease is present, but the person does not expereince symptoms) and exacerbation (the symptoms of the disease reappear).

A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address? Coronary artery disease Lung cancer Emphysema Cerebrovascular accidents

Coronary artery disease

A teenaged client reports having diarrhea before every test in school. The nurse recognizes that this client needs to focus on which dimension of health? Physical dimension Emotional dimension Intellectual dimension Sociocultural dimension

Emotional dimension

A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, with a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomenon? Exacerbation Morbidity Infection Risk factor

Exacerbation - process of making something worse

Which nursing activity reflects secondary prevention? Promoting the use of seat belts Making a referral for a mammogram Discussing the use of drugs and alcohol Promoting the use of helmets while riding motorcycles or bicycles

Making a referral for a mammogram

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and associated pleuritic chest pain. Which would be a priority when creating the nursing care plan? Monitoring fluid intake and output. Effective pain management. Monitoring airway clearance. Effective infection control measures.

Monitoring airway clearance

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and associated pleuritic chest pain. Which would be a priority when creating the nursing care plan? Monitoring fluid intake and output. Effective pain management. Monitoring airway clearance. Effective infection control measures.

Monitoring airway clearance - breathing always priority

The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model? How people interact with their environments How health is a constantly changing state What people believe to be true about their health Factors that predispose a person to infectious diseases

What people believe to be true about their health

When caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a chronic illness, the nurse understands the importance of promoting health by highlighting which concept? Focus on what can no longer be. Focus on what is possible. Focus on why the client has the illness. Focus on the altered functioning.

Focus on what is possible.

What is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity? Health Wellness Holism Host

Health

When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating an understanding of which health model? Clinical model Holistic health model Health belief model High-level wellness model

Health belief model

Which is the most accurate definition of health? Health is a state of maximal wellness. Health is a lack of disease. Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Health is a reflection of wellness and requires a conscious and deliberate effort to maintain.

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

The nurse is addressing primary prevention with a group of college students. Which promotional statement by the nurse would be the best example of a developmentally appropriate discussion? Use of condoms can help prevent sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy. Annual Papanicolaou test can detect cancer earlier. HIV screening should be done on an annual basis if you are sexually active. Testicular examinations for male students can detect early stages of cancer.

Use of condoms can help prevent sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy.