Fundamentals of Nursing I Final Exam
Which lifestyle factor is associated with an increased risk for chronic diseases? Exercise Smoking Eustress Gastrointestinal disease
Smoking Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, chronic stress, and sedentary lifestyle, increase the risk of chronic health problems, such as respiratory disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. Exercise, eustress, and gastrointestinal disease have not been shown to be factors that have contributed to the increase in chronic conditions.
When chronic illnesses and disabilities are present, individuals benefit most from activities that: help them eat well. help them maintain independence. preserve their social interactions. accomplish financial stability.
help them maintain independence. Although their chronic illnesses and disabilities cannot be eliminated, adults can benefit most from activities that help them maintain independence and achieve an optimal level of health. The other answers, while beneficial, are not as helpful.
The body's attempt to restore balance through self-regulatory mechanisms is termed: equilibration. self-conception. biofeedback. homeostasis.
homeostasis. Homeostasis is the organism's attempt to restore balance. Equilibration is a distractor for this question. Self-conception is related to the individual's feelings and attitudes about oneself. Biofeedback is a relaxation technique.
A 48-year-old client was just diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client has a body mass index of 35 and leads a sedentary lifestyle. The nurse informs the client of risk factors for the diagnosis and the need to change diet and exercise behavior. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching? "I need to start slow on an exercise program approved by my healthcare provider." "Over 80% of cases of type 2 diabetes could be prevented if the risk factors were eliminated." "There is nothing that can be done anyway; chronic diseases cannot be prevented." "The major causes of chronic diseases are known."
"There is nothing that can be done anyway; chronic diseases cannot be prevented." The major causes of chronic diseases are known, and if these risk factors were eliminated, over 80% of cases of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes would be prevented and over 40% of cases of cancer would be prevented. Of the ten leading causes of death in the United States, seven are chronic illnesses. The statement that the client should start slow on an exercise program approved by the client's healthcare provider is true.
What is the definition of wellness? Being without disease An active state of being healthy A desire to be without disease Maximizing the state in which you live
An active state of being healthy Wellness, a reflection of health, is an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health. It is not simply an absence of disease or a desire to be without disease, nor is it maximizing the state in which one lives.
Which nursing intervention is an example of tertiary preventive care? Assisting with speech therapy a client with a traumatic brain injury Administration of immunizations to a 6-month-old child Blood pressure screenings at a senior center Teaching stress reduction classes at a wellness center
Assisting with speech therapy a client with a traumatic brain injury Tertiary prevention begins after the illness and is used to help rehabilitate clients. Speech therapy is an example of tertiary preventive care. The administration of immunizations and teaching stress reduction classes are examples of primary preventive care. Blood pressure screening is an example of secondary preventive care.
How can the nurse best demonstrate being a role model for health promotion? Educate others about healthy lifestyles Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol Prevent exposure to communicable diseases Take prescribed medications accordingly
Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol Nurses can best role model health promotion strategies by engaging in behaviors and activities that demonstrate a healthy lifestyle. The other options do not meet the definition for role modeling.
Why are health promotion and illness prevention a key responsibility of nurses? Chronic illnesses can cause pain and suffering. Treatment of chronic illnesses is very expensive. Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world. People do not like to be sick and feel bad.
Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world. Because chronic illnesses are the leading health problems in the world, health promotion and illness prevention activities are vital to nursing care. By endorsing health promotion and illness prevention, the nurse can assist the client to achieve optimal health even with a chronic illness. It is true that treating chronic illnesses can be expensive, they do cause pain and suffering, and people do not like to be sick, but these are not the most important reasons for promoting health and preventing illnesses.
A teenaged client reports having diarrhea before every test in school. The nurse recognizes that this client needs to focus on which dimension of health? Physical dimension Emotional dimension Intellectual dimension Sociocultural dimension
Emotional dimension This is an example of the emotional dimension. Long-term stress affects body systems, and anxiety affects health habits. The intellectual dimension encompasses cognitive abilities and past experiences, whereas the physical dimension includes factors such as genetics, gender, and race. The sociocultural dimension relates to a client's economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture.
Risk factors for illness are divided into six categories. Working with carcinogenic chemicals is an example of which type of risk factor? Physiologic risk factor Health habits risk factor Lifestyle risk factor Environmental risk factor
Environmental risk factor Working and living environments may contribute to disease. Working with cancer-causing chemicals is an example of an environmental risk factor for illness. Physiologic risk factors are those relating to an individual's body or biology. Lifestyle risk factors are habits or behaviors people choose to engage in. A health habit risk factor is any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.
When caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a chronic illness, the nurse understands the importance of promoting health by highlighting which concept? Focus on what can no longer be. Focus on what is possible. Focus on why the client has the illness. Focus on the altered functioning.
Focus on what is possible. When a client has a chronic illness, the nurse needs to make every effort to promote health with a focus of care that emphasizes what is possible rather than what can no longer be. The focus should not be on the altered functioning or what can no longer be as this does not assist the client to move to promoting health in the current state. The basis for the change or why the client has an illness is not easy to determine.
Which is the most accurate definition of health? Health is a state of maximal wellness. Health is a lack of disease. Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Health is a reflection of wellness and requires a conscious and deliberate effort to maintain.
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Health is viewed as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The other options would not be the best definition of health.
Which definition of health is the best? Health is the absence of disease. Health is how people feel. Health is a state of complete well-being. Health is the lack of physical symptoms.
Health is a state of complete well-being. A classic definition of health is that health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or physical symptoms. Health encompasses a state of mind and not just how a client feels.
A client comes to the health center for a routine visit. During the visit, the client tells the nurse, "I'm motivated to do things now to make sure I'm the healthiest I can be." When planning this client's care, the nurse should focus on which area? Health promotion Illness prevention Self-concept Diagnosis of disease
Health promotion Health promotion is the behavior of a person who is motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being and health potential. In contrast, illness/disease prevention, also called health protection, is behavior motivated by a desire to avoid or detect disease or to maintain functioning within the constraints of an illness or disability. Self-concept incorporates both how people feel about themselves (self-esteem) and the way they perceive their physical self (body image). Diagnosis of disease involves a medical aspect such that a disease is traditionally diagnosed—and treatment is prescribed—by a physician or advanced practice nurse, whereas nurses focus on the person with an illness.
A nurse caring for patients with diabetes knows that this is a characteristic of a chronic illness: It is a temporary change. It causes reversible alterations in A&P. It requires special patient education for rehabilitation. It requires a short period of care or support.
It requires special patient education for rehabilitation. Chronic illness is a broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health, with one or more of the following characteristics: it is a permanent change; it causes, or is caused by, irreversible alterations in normal anatomy and physiology; it requires special patient education for rehabilitation; and it requires a long period of care or support.
While providing client care, a nurse determines that a client adheres to the health belief model. What would the nurse need to assess as a factor possibly affecting the client's response to illness? Nutritional awareness Personality characteristics Stress management Environmental sensitivity
Personality characteristics The health belief model provides insight into the connection between the way a person sees one's own state of health, and that person's response to health, illness, and treatment. According to the health belief model, personality characteristics affect the person's response to illness. Nutritional awareness, stress management, and environmental sensitivity are wellness behaviors that promote healthy functioning and help prevent illness.
The nurse is preparing to talk to a local community group regarding chronic illness. The nurse informs the group that both external and internal factors influence a person's health. When discussing the fact that the male client has a higher chance of developing lung cancer due to his gender, which dimension is the nurse referring to? Physical dimension Emotional dimension Intellectual dimension Environmental dimension
Physical dimension The physical dimension includes genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender. These components strongly influence the person's health status and health practices. Since lung cancer is more frequent in men, the male client is at a higher risk of developing lung cancer due to his gender. Emotional dimension refers to feelings. Intellectual dimension is cognitive ability. Environmental dimension is related to a client's environment, including work and school.
Which is an example of tertiary health promotion? Family counseling Water treatment Pap tests Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation Tertiary health promotion and disease prevention begin after an illness is diagnosed and treated to reduce disability and to help rehabilitate clients to a maximum level of functioning. Therefore, rehabilitation is an example of tertiary health promotion. Family counseling and Pap tests are examples of secondary health promotion. Water treatment is an example of primary health promotion.
What are some examples of healthy self-care behaviors everyone should adopt? Select all that apply. Sleeping 7 to 8 hours each night Eating regular healthy meals Maintaining an ideal body weight Exercising infrequently Having a low self-esteem
Sleeping 7 to 8 hours each night Eating regular healthy meals Maintaining an ideal body weight Some self-care behaviors that everyone should adopt to promote health are: sleeping 7 to 8 hours regularly, eating regular and healthy meals, maintaining an ideal body weight, having a regular schedule of exercise, using alcohol in moderation if at all, not smoking, and maintaining a positive self-concept.
The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with nutritional deficits. Which is the priority intervention for this client? teaching about weight loss programs teaching about intake of food and vitamins teaching about binge eating acknowledging weight problems
teaching about intake of food and vitamins Priority management, according to Maslow's hierarchy, starts at physiological needs and includes the need for oxygen, food, water, rest, and elimination. Therefore, teaching the client about intake of food and vitamins is most appropriate for the client who has nutritional deficits. Teaching about weight loss programs, teaching about binge eating, and acknowledging the client's weight problem are examples of other needs that are not the priority.
