Fundamentals Unit III

A diagnosis of hypertension is made when the systolic pressure is _______ mm Hg or higher or the diastolic pressure is 90 mm Hg or higher.

140

In contrast to the disengagement theory of psychosocial aging, the ______________ theory purports that successful aging includes the ability to maintain high levels of activity and function.

ACTIVITY

The _______ scoring chart is the most commonly used rating scale to assess newborns.

APGAR

The pulse is regulated by the _____________ nervous system through the sinoatrial (SA) node, the pacemaker of the heart.

AUTONOMIC

Abnormal "swooshing or blowing" sounds heard over a blood vessel are known as __________, caused by blood that is swirling in a vessel rather than exhibiting a normal smooth flow.

BRUITS

Infant ________ is uncontrollable, extended crying in an otherwise healthy and well-fed baby that occurs during the first 3 months of life.

COLIC

The mechanics of heat transfer, known as _____________, refers to the transfer of heat to another object during direct contact.

CONDUCTION

A difference between the apical and radial pulse rates, called the pulse _______, indicates that all of the heartbeats are not reaching the peripheral arteries or are too weak to be palpated.

DEFICIT

Growth is an increase in body size, structure, and function, whereas ___________ is an orderly pattern of changes in structure, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors resulting from maturation, experiences, and learning.

DEVELOPMENT

Erickson identified _____ integrity versus despair and disgust as the last stage of human development, which begins at about 60 years of age.

EGO

By the end of the _______ stage of prenatal development, all basic organs have been established, the bones have begun to ossify, and some human features are recognizable.

EMBRYONIC

A nurse would use the technique of inspection to assess the consistency, texture, and tenderness of a mass.

FALSE

According to Havighurst's theory of psychosocial development, the ability to form concepts and distinguish between right and wrong develops during adolescence.

FALSE

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, individuals in the adolescent to adult years integrate others' viewpoints into their own understanding of the truth.

FALSE

Adventitious breath sounds are heard over the mainstem bronchus and are described as "blowing" sounds.

FALSE

At the end of the first trimester (12 weeks gestation), fetal heart tones are audible by stethoscope

FALSE

More than 45% of older adults fall each year, but less than half tell their health care providers.

FALSE

Phase II Korotkoff sounds are characterized by distinct, abrupt, and muffling sounds with a soft, blowing quality.

FALSE

The axillary site is considered to be one of the most accurate routes for assessing temperature.

FALSE

There is growing evidence that aging is synonymous with loss of function and disability.

FALSE

A _____________ health assessment focuses on the effects of health or illness on a patient's quality of life, including the strengths of the patient and areas that need to improve.

FUNCTIONAL

According to Erickson's theory, the middle adult years are a period of _____________ versus stagnation, a time to reevaluate one's goals and accomplishments.

GENERATIVITY

A __________ refers to the DNA in an organism, including its genes.

GENOME

Toddlers tend to seek out new experiences during the developmental stages of initiative versus _________, according to Erickson.

GUILT

A health ____________ is a collection of subjective information about the patient's health status, whereas a physical assessment is a collection of objective data that provides information about changes in the patient's body systems.

HISTORY

Shivering, a response that increases the production of heat, is initiated by the _____________ and results in muscle tremors, resulting in the production of heat.

HYPOTHALAMUS

The four major components of Freud's theory of psychoanalytic development are the unconscious mind, the _______, the ego, and the superego.

ID

Age-associated changes in the immune system, also known as _______________________, are thought to be responsible for the increase in infections and cancer as adults age.

IMMUNOSENESCENSE

According to Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, the school-aged stage is characterized by the theme of __________ versus inferiority.

INDUSTRY

The school-aged child is in the ______ stage of Freud's theory, with psychosocial energies being channeled toward strong identification with one's own sex and creative activities.

LATENCY

Outbursts of anger, known as ________, result from a toddler's efforts for control over the environment.

NEGATIVSM

Cyanosis is a bluish or grayish discoloration of the skin in response to inadequate _____________, whereas jaundice is a yellow color of the skin resulting from elevated amounts of bilirubin in the blood.

OXYGENATION

The use of many medications at the same time, known as _____________, can pose many hazards for older adults.

POLYPHARMACY

The four characteristics of sound heard when using auscultation are pitch, loudness, ___________, and duration.

QUALITY

A nurse who asks a patient to raise his eyebrows, smile, and show his teeth is assessing cranial nerve VII.

TRUE

A patient who exhibits decorticate or decerebrate posturing would receive a score of 3 or below in motor response on the Glasgow Coma Scale.

TRUE

According to Carol Gilligan's theory, the moral orientation of females is called the "ethic of care."

TRUE

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, a child's beginnings of moral development result from caregiver-child communications during the early childhood years.

TRUE

As of 2015, 80% of older adults aged 65 to 74 and 68% of older adults over age 85 rate their health good, very good, or excellent.

TRUE

By the end of infancy, birth weight usually triples and body length usually increases by 50%

TRUE

Cognitive and intellectual abilities of middle adults change little from young adulthood.

TRUE

Everyone's physical development has a predetermined genetic base because of inheritance patterns carried on the chromosomes.

TRUE

Tachycardia occurs in an adult when the pulse rate is 100 to 180 beats/minute.

TRUE

Temperament, primary inborn and influenced by the environment, remains fairly consistent throughout a person's life.

TRUE

The adolescent and young adult are in Freud's genital stage, the period of development during which the person is capable of sexual function.

TRUE

The core body temperature is maintained within a fairly constant range by the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus.

TRUE

The leading causes of chronic illnesses in the middle adult years are rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, alcoholism, and depression.

TRUE

The nurse should know that a systolic blood pressure reading greater than 100 mm Hg is abnormal in a toddler.

TRUE

Toddlers can understand self as separate from others and have a beginning perception of body image.

TRUE

Turgor, a term used to describe the fullness or elasticity of the skin, is usually assessed on the sternum or under the clavicle.

TRUE