GACE Elementary Education Test II (002)

Place the fractions in order from least to greatest. A. 14/26 B. 4/7 C. 6/13 D. 12/14 1. 2. 3. 4.

3, 1, 2, 4 The question requires an understanding of fractions as numbers. 14/26= 49/91; 4/7= 52/91; 6/13= 42/91 and 12/14= 78/91.

Green 32% Violet 23% Yellow 21% Blue 20% Red The circle graph above shows the distribution, in percents, of various colors of gems in a collection. What fraction of the collection is red? A. 2/50 B. 4/50 C. 2/25 D. 4/50

A. 2/50 -The question requires an understanding of how to solve problems involving fractions. A circle graph of percents represents 100% of a group. Based on the information provided, the total percent of red gems is 4%, which is equivalent to 2/50.

Which of the following tools is most appropriate to use in determining the volume of a large block of wood of unknown density? A. A metric ruler B. A triple-beam balance C. A 200 mL volumetric flask D. A micrometer

A. A metric ruler -The question requires an understanding of the tools necessary for scientific investigation. To find the volume of a large rectangular block of wood, first use a metric ruler to find the length, width, and height of the block. Then use the formula for the volume of a rectangular solid, length by width by height, to determine the volume.

Students in a fourth-grade class are learning how to copy line segments and angles from their textbook onto a piece of paper. Which of the following tools is appropriate for the activity? Select all that apply. A. A protractor B. A straightedge C. A geoboard D. A compass

A. A protractor B. A straightedge D. A compass -The question requires an understanding of how to draw and identify lines and angles. A geoboard is useful for illustrating concepts such as area and perimeter but is not useful for measuring angles. A compass, a protractor, and a straightedge will be useful for the activity.

Which of the following describes an event that involves the transformation of chemical energy? A. Burning wood in a fireplace B. Running and kicking a soccer ball C. Winding the propeller on a toy plane D. Strumming the strings on a guitar to make music

A. Burning wood in a fireplace -The question requires an understanding of important physical science concepts. Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds (atoms and molecules). Chemical energy is released in a chemical reaction, often in the form of heat. Such reactions are called exothermic.

Which of the following instruments would be found in the woodwind section of an orchestra? A. Clarinet B. Violin C. Trombone D. Triangle

A. Clarinet -The question requires an understanding of fundamental concepts, principles, skills, and terminology related to dance, music, theater arts, and visual arts. Woodwind instruments produce sound by vibration of mouthpiece reeds (e.g., bassoon, clarinet, saxophone) or by passage of air over the mouthpiece (e.g, flute).

A third-grade student cuts out three pairs of rectangles, with the rectangles in each pair having equal size, and then glues the pieces together to make a box. The activity requires the student to demonstrate which of the following mathematical understandings? A. Number sense B. Data sense C. Spatial sense D. Symbol sense

C. Spatial sense -The question requires an understanding of shapes and their attributes. Spatial sense describes an intuitive feel for shape and space, including an ability to recognize, visualize, represent, and transform geometric shapes. Spatial sense helps students understand the relationship between two- and three-dimensional objects.

At the beginning of a unit on division, a third-grade teacher asks students working in groups to devise a method for dividing 156 gum balls equally among four people. The activity will most likely require students to use which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Cooperative learning B. Standard algorithms for division C. Guess and check D. Estimation

A. Cooperative learning C. Guess and check D. Estimation -The question requires an understanding of writing, interpreting, analyzing, and evaluating numerical expressions, patterns, and relationships. The students work in groups, collaborate, and create their own ways to reach a reasonable answer, which requires them to guess and check the appropriateness of answers and to make estimates. It is very unlikely that the students will use standard algorithms for division.

Fred, a student in a math class, showed the following solutions for two problems. Problem: Dan cooked 60 of the 200 burgers at a company picnic. What percent of the burgers did he cook? Work: 200 × 0.60 = 120 Answer: 120% Problem: Tara watered 50 of the 180 plants in her mother's garden. What percent of the plants did she water? Work: 180 × 0.50 = 90 Answer: 90% Which of the following strategies could best help the student check answers to word problems and look for errors? A. Estimate the answer first, use an algorithm, and compare results B. Practice multiplication with decimals outside the context of a word problem C. Multiply the first digits and add the appropriate number of zeros D. Complete the multiplication, then use division to check the answer

A. Estimate the answer first, use an algorithm, and compare results -The question requires an understanding of using knowledge of place value to perform multidigit operations. Estimating the answer first will ensure that the student knows an approximate answer to the question. Then, the student can use an algorithm to calculate the exact answer and check by comparing to the estimate.

A kindergarten class is learning about the different soil layers. The teacher shows the students a plastic milk jug half filled with several soil layers of different compositions and then asks them to predict what will happen if they shake the jug. The students' descriptions are best characterized as which of the following? A. Hypothesis B. Observation C. A scientific law D. Data collection

A. Hypothesis -The question requires an understanding of the features of the process of scientific inquiry. A hypothesis is an explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation.

Luis, Kristina, Mallory, and Hasan are four friends with pets. One has a horse, one a cat, one a white mouse, and one a rabbit. Mallory is allergic to cats and does not have one. Luis has the smallest pet, and Hasan's pet sleeps standing up. Kristina does not have a rabbit. What is each friend's pet? A fourth-grade math teacher presents the problem above to the class. Which of the following problem-solving strategies is most likely to help the students solve the problem? A. Making a table B. Looking for a pattern C. Working backward D. Eliminating unnecessary information

A. Making a table -The question requires an understanding of how to analyze and evaluate relationships. The students will first need to identify relevant information and then use a table or grid to highlight the information that fits with each person described in the problem.

A retailer wants to determine the size most often purchased of a certain type of children's shoe to ensure that enough of that item is available to meet consumer demand.Sizes sold last month: 2, 2, 2, 3, 5, 5, 7, 8. A fifth-grade teacher poses the question above to the class during a lesson. The lesson most likely addresses which of the following concepts? A. Mode B. Median C. Mean D. Range

A. Mode -The question requires an understanding of how to represent and interpret data. The mode is the number that occurs most often in a given set of numbers.

Students in a fifth-grade class draw the angles shown above on their papers. Which of the following best describes the types of angles that the students are drawing? A. Obtuse B. Acute C. Straight D. Right

A. Obtuse -The question requires an understanding of properties of lines and angles. An obtuse angle has a measure greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

Which of the following are the likely effects of an oil spill in a body of water? Select all that apply. A. Sea plants cannot make their own food, and they eventually die. B. Toxins from the oil accumulate in shellfish. C. Sunlight reaches greater depths. D. Seabirds and mammals are harmed.

A. Sea plants cannot make their own food, and they eventually die. B. Toxins from the oil accumulate in shellfish. D. Seabirds and mammals are harmed. -The question requires an understanding of changes in the environment. Oil spills can have serious effects on marine life, which includes plants and animals. Such effects include tainting of tissues, starvation, and loss of body heat.

A kindergarten student notices that a bug on the classroom window emits a strong smell when touched. The teacher encourages the student to infer why the bug emits the smell. Of the following, which is the most likely inference? A. The bug is protecting itself. B. The bug is looking for a mate. C. The bug is hungry. D. The bug is cold.

A. The bug is protecting itself. -The question requires an understanding of factors that affect the survival of organisms. Insects have different mechanisms that help defend and protect them. Some insects fly or jump away from a predator, some sting or bite a predator, and some can excrete smelly, bad-tasting fluids to make them less appealing to the predator.

Which of the following statements best describes plate tectonics? A. The continents are parts of plates that move relative to each other. B. Ocean waves and currents push continents through ocean water. C. Magnetic forces at the poles alternately push and pull the continents in different directions. D. The gravitational pulls of both the Sun and the Moon cause movement of the plates.

A. The continents are parts of plates that move relative to each other. -The question requires an understanding of the surface features of Earth. Plate tectonics is a theory in geology that describes the large-scale movement of Earth's lithosphere.

Second-grade students are using a calculator to total the number of books in their classroom library. At one point, they mistakenly subtract 12 instead of adding 12. The calculator display shows a total of 57. What one operation can they do to correct the mistake? A. Add 12 B. Add 24 C. Subtract 12 D. Subtract 24

B. Add 24 -The question requires knowledge of ways to help students develop an understanding of number operations. The students must add the 12 books they inadvertently subtracted and then add the 12 they had originally intended to add. This can be done all at once by adding 24 to the result displayed on the calculator.

A teacher gives each of several groups of students a container of water and a variety of objects of different sizes and materials to place in it. To the students' surprise, several of the larger items float, while many of the smaller items sink. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the activity? A. The teacher is stimulating student learning by producing a discrepant event. B. The teacher is allowing the students an opportunity to play with the materials before the lesson begins. C. The teacher is demonstrating the characteristics of the states of matter. D. The teacher is demonstrating the ability to follow the written text and to deliver the stated objectives.

A. The teacher is stimulating student learning by producing a discrepant event. -The question requires an understanding of scientific investigation and developing a scientific inquiry mind-set. A discrepant event is something that surprises, startles, puzzles, or astonishes the observer. Often, a discrepant event is one that does not appear to follow basic "rules of nature" and the outcome of a discrepant event is unexpected or contrary to what one would have predicted. The event throws the students "off balance" intellectually, which most likely will motivate them to further investigate the science concept.

Which of the following would be an appropriate activity for a simple second-grade lesson that teaches the concept of tempo? A. The teacher plays fast- and slow-paced music selections; students stamp their feet to indicate how fast or slow they perceive the music to be. B. The teacher makes loud and soft sounds on a piano; students jump up when they hear a loud sound and crouch down when they hear a soft sound. C. The teacher claps and snaps a pattern; students sit in a circle as they listen to the pattern and try to repeat it, with each student adding a new part to the pattern. D. The teacher puts on a recording of various musical instruments; students listen to the sounds the instruments make and discuss their similarities and differences.

A. The teacher plays fast- and slow-paced music selections; students stamp their feet to indicate how fast or slow they perceive the music to be. -The question requires an understanding of fundamental concepts, principles, skills, and terminology related to dance and music. In musical terminology, tempo is the speed or pace of a given piece of music.

30 ÷ 6 53 ÷ 7 84 ÷ 8 75 ÷ 9 Third graders studying division were asked to solve and check the four division problems above and then write a story for each problem. Which of the following is the most likely reason for asking the students to write the stories? A. To have students demonstrate that division can mean partitioning a set of objects B. To have students practice division skills through drill-and-check exercises C. To help students write quotients that might contain a decimal D. To have students practice the strategy of solving a simpler problem than those presented

A. To have students demonstrate that division can mean partitioning a set of objects -The question requires an understanding of ways to help students develop an understanding of equations and number operations. In writing word problems, students need to demonstrate an understanding of arithmetic operations, different terms that are used for a specific operation, and how to use those terms appropriately in word problems.

Which of the following are most important for elementary students to develop as they progress in the area of art production? Select all that apply. A. Using art materials effectively B. Representing figures and objects with a high degree of accuracy C. Seeing relationships among their work, their world, and their imagination D. Employing multiple processes in creating artwork

A. Using art materials effectively C. Seeing relationships among their work, their world, and their imagination D. Employing multiple processes in creating artwork -The question requires an understanding of basic techniques, tools, processes, skills, and materials for producing work in the arts. Although there is increased interest among upper-elementary students to draw more realistically, "a high degree of accuracy" is inappropriate to their developmental readiness or ability.

Which of the following is the most appropriate strategy to use when first teaching primary-grade students the mathematical concept of regrouping? A. Using manipulatives and concrete materials B. Presenting mathematics problems devised from newspaper articles and advertisements C. Lecturing and allowing time for questions and answers D. Having students write a story about regrouping

A. Using manipulatives and concrete materials -The question requires an understanding of how to help students gain a basic knowledge of place value and how to use place value. Regrouping involves trading, also known as borrowing or carrying. The use of manipulatives will provide students with a visual representation of the concept and give them an opportunity to use a hands-on approach.

The ability to skip count by tens is a benchmark mathematical skill for first- and second-grade students primarily because it A. serves as a conceptual foundation for multiplication B. shows an understanding of number and quantity C. familiarizes students with the concept of order of magnitude D. prepares students for reading and constructing scales and grids

A. serves as a conceptual foundation for multiplication -The question requires an understanding of ways to help students gain foundation for place value. Skip counting is a skill that helps students learn number patterns and multiplication facts.

Which of the following describes a physical change only? A. A silver bracelet tarnishes when exposed to air. B. An ice cube melts when heated. C. Lemon juice turns brown when heated. D. Iodine solution becomes purple when starch is added.

B. An ice cube melts when heated. -The question requires an understanding of important physical science concepts. A physical change in a substance does not lead to the formation of a new substance because there is no change in the chemical nature of the substance.

Use the fourth-grade science standard below to answer the question that follows. Students will develop an understanding of the characteristics of organisms and their interaction with their environments. Which of the following activities best addresses the standard? A. Creating a model of an insect and labeling important features B. Constructing and maintaining a class terrarium and recording daily observations C. Building and using weather instruments to observe changes in weather over time D. Classifying rocks, shells, leaves, or seeds by shape, color, or size

B. Constructing and maintaining a class terrarium and recording daily observations -The question requires an understanding of the interactions between organisms and their environments. A terrarium is a miniature ecosystem that shows the interactions of organisms and their environment. With the right balance of resources (soil, water, light) and plants suited to the environment, the terrarium becomes self-sustaining. Terrarium containers include bottles, aquarium tanks, and fishbowls.

Karl, a student in first grade is having difficulty adjusting to healthful food that his parents have been trying to add to his diet. Karl's parents ask the teacher for suggestions to help him adapt to the change. Which of the following is the most appropriate suggestion for the teacher to give? A. Continue to provide the healthful food, and insist that Karl eat it B. Discuss the food's benefits with Karl, and let him help prepare the meals that include the new food C. Allow Karl to eat the foods that are familiar to him and that he prefers D. Provide both the healthful food and the more familiar food, and allow Karl to choose which to eat

B. Discuss the food's benefits with Karl, and let him help prepare the meals that include the new food -The question requires an understanding of effective strategies for advocating for personal health. Involving children in the process and giving them the opportunity to participate creates excitement, gives them ownership in their food choice, and imparts the importance of eating healthful food.

5(6+4) =30+20 =50 Which of the following properties of operations is illustrated in the example above? A. Commutative property B. Distributive property C. Transitive property D. Reciprocal property

B. Distributive property -The question requires an understanding of properties of operations. The distributive property shows how the product of a number and a sum of a number can be expressed as the sum of two products.

A first-grade teaching team is planning an activity in which students are given an orange, a golf ball, and a table tennis ball and asked to roll each of the objects down a slanted board and record their observations. The activity best addresses knowledge in which of the following areas of science? A. Heat and chemical reactions B. Forces and motion C. Electricity and magnetism D. Natural resources

B. Forces and motion -The question requires an understanding of important physical science concepts. The students will observe the effects of different forces on the movement of different kinds of objects and recognize that objects can move at different speeds.

A third-grade student uses the following strategy to begin solving an addition problem. 2106 -> 2000 895 -> 800 +309 -> 300 3100 Which of the following best describes the strategy the student used? A. Rounding up B. Front-end estimation C. Regrouping D. Compatible numbers

B. Front-end estimation -Front-end estimation is a way of finding estimates of the sums or differences of a set of numbers by rounding. In the method, only the first digit of the numbers is added. Other digits are replaced by zeros. This method of estimation always gives a sum less than the actual sum.

Which of the following skills must a child master before learning to skip? A. Running B. Hopping C. Walking backward D. Crab walking

B. Hopping -The ability to hop is a skill that is required for skipping. Running, walking backward, and crab walking are not required for skipping.

Which of the following activities requires a student to perform a mathematical computation at the most concrete level? A. Adding 2+4 B. Joining two blocks and four blocks C. Adding two apples and four apples using pictures of the apples D. Solving x+4=6

B. Joining two blocks and four blocks -The question requires an understanding of how to help students develop a basic concept of number operations. Teachers must understand the skills students need to perform specific mathematical tasks, as well as the proper order for introducing concepts. In this question, the most concrete task is the one that engages the students in physical manipulation (joining two blocks and four blocks).

Fifth-grade students create Table A to represent the number of sandwiches they each ate during the last month. The teacher then shows the students that redistributing the pictures of sandwiches equally among the students creates Table B. Carmen- \\ Carmen- \\\` Pat- \\\ Pat- \\\` Ny- \\ Ny- \\\` Luan- \\\\\\ Luan- \\\` Shelia- \\\ Shelia- \\\` Nicky- \\\\\ Nicky- \\\` The activity will best help students understand which of the following mathematical concepts? A. Probability B. Mean C. Range D. Proportions

B. Mean -The question requires an understanding of how to represent and interpret data. The mean is a concept of equal distribution and is also the average of a given set of numbers. Table B illustrates the mean number of sandwiches eaten by the students.

Which of the following instruments has the highest pitch? A. Trombone B. Piccolo C. Alto saxophone D. Clarinet

B. Piccolo -The question requires an understanding of how to promote critical analysis and understanding of the arts. The piccolo is a type of flute and is the highest pitched woodwind instrument.

To introduce students to geometry, a first-grade teacher selects a variety of classroom objects having different shapes and passes them to the students. Which of the following concepts is most appropriate for the students to explore? A. Measurement of angles B. Plane and solid figures C. Area and perimeter D. Reflection and rotation

B. Plane and solid figures -The question requires an understanding of how to explain shapes and their attributes. Since students in first grade are already familiar with some shapes, by using their prior knowledge, the students are ready to learn about and understand other shapes and the vocabulary used in geometry.

Students place unit cubes in a rectangular solid until the base is covered. Students continue adding layers of cubes until the solid is filled to the top. Which of the following concepts does the activity address? A. Area B. Volume C. Perimeter D. Circumference

B. Volume -The question requires an understanding of measurement of volume. Placing unit cubes to completely fill a rectangular solid demonstrates volume.

Which of the following will most likely reduce the number of accidents on school playgrounds? A. Scheduling the same playground times for students in primary and intermediate grades B. Posting informational signs that show how to use playground equipment properly C. Asking students to monitor playground activities D. Having asphalt or concrete surfaces installed to ensure better traction for playground users

B. Posting informational signs that show how to use playground equipment properly -The question requires an understanding of how to promote responsible personal and social behavior as well as respect for self and others in physical activity settings. Accidents on the playground are minimized when students are provided with rules and directions on appropriate ways to use equipment.

Which of the following best describes igneous rocks? A. Rocks that have been altered by intense pressure B. Rocks formed when molten magma cools C. Rocks formed from accumulated sediments cemented together D. Rocks formed from hardened soil

B. Rocks formed when molten magma cools -The question requires an understanding of the physical attributes of rocks. Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten rock material.

A first-grade teacher brings different types of flowers into the classroom and asks the students to make observations about the flowers. Which of the following student responses is an example of a scientific observation that can best help in classifying the flowers? A. Some of the flowers are wilted. B. Some of the flowers are yellow. C. The flowers are pretty. D. The flowers are soft.

B. Some of the flowers are yellow. -The question requires an understanding of the nature of scientific inquiry. In making scientific observations, students need to apply their five senses — seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, and tasting — and then describe objects according to their characteristics. The only description provided that illustrates the use of the senses is "yellow."

Craig wants to buy 3 compact discs from a friend who is selling them for $14.49 each. Craig has $45 to spend. His sister says that is not enough money to buy all the compact discs. Is she right or wrong? A teacher poses the preceding word problem to fifth-grade students. Which of the following students has created an expression that will solve the problem? A. Student A: 14.49+3−45 B. Student B: 45−(3×14.49) C. Student C: (45−3)×14.49 D. Student D: 45−14.99+3

B. Student B: 45−(3×14.49) -The question requires an understanding of the relationship between operations and their properties. The student should multiply 3 and 14.49 to get the total cost and then subtract it from the amount of money Craig has to see if he has enough.

25÷10= N A third-grade teacher asks students to write a word problem for the number sentence above, where N is the exact answer to the problem. Which of the following student responses best satisfies the conditions set by the teacher? A. A team of 10 students wins 25 movie tickets. How many tickets will each student get? B. Ten students tied for the winning prize of $25 in a contest. How many dollars will each student receive? C. Twenty-five children at a birthday party will eat 10 pizzas. How many slices will each child have? D. A tub of paint holds 25 gallons. How many 10-pint cans can be completely filled with paint before the tub is empty?

B. Ten students tied for the winning prize of $25 in a contest. How many dollars will each student receive? -The question requires an understanding of how to design instruction to help students understand algorithms, strategies, models, and problem situations for dividing numbers. The context in option (A) about a number of tickets allows only whole numbers for answers. The context in option (C) requires finding 10÷25=N, not 25÷10=N. The context in option (D) requires determining that there are 8 pints in a gallon, so 200 pints in 25 gallons. The answer to the question requires finding 200÷10=N, not 25÷10=N. The context in option (B) that involves money is the only context that would lead to the correct equation and allows an answer that is not a whole number. Sharing $25 among ten students can be expressed using the equation 2510=N.

A teacher places some items on a table and then asks students to predict whether the items will sink or float in a container filled with water. Which of the following information will be most helpful to provide to the students? A. The temperature of the water B. The density of each item C. The capacity of the container D. The volume of the water

B. The density of each item -The question requires an understanding of important physical science concepts. Whether an object sinks or floats depends on the density of the object and the fluid in which it is immersed. An object that is denser than a fluid will sink in the fluid, while an an object that is less dense than the fluid will float.

A fourth-grade class is discussing the problem shown. Sid is traveling by train from Little City to Big City. The train departs Little City at 8:30 A.M. and arrives in Big City at 9:15 P.M. How long does it take the train to travel from Little City to Big City? During the discussion, one student says, "All you have to do is subtract 830 from 915, and you have the answer! It's 85 minutes." For which of the following reasons is the student incorrect? A. The student did not consider how fast the train was traveling. B. The student used an inappropriate number-base system to calculate elapsed time. C. The student did not consider the distance between the cities. D. The student made a subtraction error in calculating elapsed time.

B. The student used an inappropriate number-base system to calculate elapsed time. -The question requires an understanding of how to relate addition and subtraction to problems involving measurements. The student answered the question using the base-10 place value system without considering the unit of time.

1/8, 2/5, 3/8, 4/5, 5/8 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 80% How many fraction-percent equivalents are listed in the worksheet represented above? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four

B. Two -The question requires an understanding of ways to help students develop a knowledge of fractions as numbers. 1/8 is equivalent to 12.5%; 2/5 is equivalent to 40%; 3/8 is equivalent to 37.5%; 4/5 is equivalent to 80%; and 5/8 is equivalent to 62.5%.

Which of the following activities will best help kindergarten students understand the concept of negative numbers? A. Watching a needle on a dial that shows how fast a wheel is turning B. Using a thermometer to illustrate extreme temperatures recorded at the South Pole C. Moving the hands of a clock back an hour at the beginning of daylight saving time D. Placing money from a change purse into a piggy bank

B. Using a thermometer to illustrate extreme temperatures recorded at the South Pole -The question requires an understanding of how to help students make sense of numbers. Kindergarten students need a concrete model when first learning an abstract concept. From the choices provided, a thermometer showing temperatures above and below zero will best provide them with an appropriate model to learn about negative numbers.

65+28= 813 17+74= 811 45+15= 510 The work of a student is shown above. The most likely reason for the error in the work is that the student has difficulty A. recalling addition facts B. recognizing an appropriate answer C. interpreting arithmetic symbols D. rounding up whole numbers

B. recognizing an appropriate answer -The question requires an understanding of ways to help students use knowledge of place value to perform multidigit operations. The sample indicates that the student does not make any errors adding the columns. However, the student adds two-digit numbers and arrives at sums ranging between 500 and 800. Since the numbers being added are all less than 100, the student should have noticed that the answers were far too large to be correct, and the sums should be less than 100. This shows that the student was unable to recognize the value of an appropriate answer.

19+17+15+13+7+5+3+1 A teacher writes an addition problem on the board and asks students to think of other ways to write the sum, using a different operation. Which of the following represents the sum of the numbers shown using multiplication? A. 4×18 B. 4×19 C. 4×20 D. 4×21

C. 4×20 -The question requires knowledge of ways to help students develop an understanding of number operations. The numbers can be added in pairs, with the sum of each pair totaling 20 (19 and 1, 17 and 3, 15 and 5, and 13 and 7). There are four such pairs, so the sum of the eight numbers is 4 x 20.

Which of the following best defines an ecosystem? A. A transition in the species composition of an area following a disturbance of the area B. All the nonliving factors that make up the physical environment of an area in which organisms live C. All the organisms living in a given area as well as the nonliving components of their environment D. The ways in which a particular species makes use of the living and nonliving resources in its geographic range

C. All the organisms living in a given area as well as the nonliving components of their environment -The question requires an understanding of the interaction between living things and their environment. An ecosystem is a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment.

Which of the following is most important to monitor closely when managing diabetes? A. Blood pressure B. Cholesterol C. Blood sugar D. Sodium

C. Blood sugar -The question requires an understanding of concepts related to health promotion, disease prevention, and ways to enhance health. Blood glucose monitoring is the main tool in controlling diabetes. A log of blood glucose levels provides a picture of how a person's body is responding to a diabetes care plan.

Which of the following is a destructive force? A. The formation of a river delta B. The buildup of coral at a reef C. Cave formation through weathering D. Cooling and hardening of lava flows

C. Cave formation through weathering -The question requires an understanding of the surface features of Earth caused by constructive and destructive processes. New land is created by constructive forces, while land is broken down by destructive forces (weathering and erosion). Destructive forces are at work all the time and work slowly. However, new rock cannot be formed without these forces.

In a physical education class, small-group activities that focus on cooperative learning through student interaction will most likely require which of the following? A. Organizational skills B. Note-taking skills C. Collaborative skills D. Metacognitive skills

C. Collaborative skills -The question requires an understanding of how to promote responsible personal and social behavior and respect for self and others in physical activity settings. Cooperative learning offers an excellent opportunity for positive outcomes across all domains. In addition to maximizing practice time, it teaches students responsibility by giving them the power to organize and operate their groups, to give each other feedback, and to collaborate.

Use the number line below to answer the question that follows. 0 1/2 1 A third-grade teacher gives students the following list of fractions: 4/8, 7/8, 11/8, 7/12, and 9/12. How many of the fractions on the list can students correctly graph on the number line? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five

C. Four -The question requires an understanding of fractions as numbers. Since the number line provided is between the range of 0 and 1, 11/8 cannot be graphed on it because 11/8 is greater than 1.

Which of the following best illustrates complete metamorphosis in an insect? A. A grasshopper hatches from an egg and sheds its exoskeleton many times as it grows to adult size. B. Female mosquitoes bite animals to obtain blood meals, but male mosquitoes feed on plant juices. C. Gypsy moth caterpillars eat leaves until they pupate, after which they emerge as winged adults. D. A queen bee lays all the eggs in a hive, but worker bees produce wax and gather nectar and pollen.

C. Gypsy moth caterpillars eat leaves until they pupate, after which they emerge as winged adults. -The question requires an understanding of the life cycle of living things. The complete form of metamorphosis is the process in which an insect passes through four separate stages of growth as embryo, larva, pupa, and adult.

A fifth-grade teacher has students cut some two-dimensional shapes from paper and then fold them into three-dimensional figures. Which of the following concepts are the students most likely exploring? A. Rotations B. Reflections C. Nets D. Tessellations

C. Nets -The question requires an understanding of shapes and their attributes. A net is a two-dimensional shape that can be folded to form a three-dimensional shape or a solid.

A teacher taps each child in line, calling out, "First, second, third, fourth." Which of the following types of numbers is the teacher using? A. Nominal B. Cardinal C. Ordinal D. Real

C. Ordinal -The question requires an understanding of ways to help students make sense of numbers. Ordinal numbers tell the order of things in relation to a set.

Which of the following are complementary colors on a color wheel? A. Black and red B. Blue and purple C. Red and green D. Yellow and orange

C. Red and green -The question requires an understanding of fundamental concepts, principles, skills, and terminology related to arts. Complementary colors are pairs of colors that are directly opposite each other on the color wheel.

In the National Science Education standards, which of the following characterizes the process in which students learn skills such as observation, inference, and experimentation? A. Motions and forces B. Form and function C. Science as inquiry D. Science and technology

C. Science as inquiry -The question requires an understanding of the important features of scientific inquiry. Scientific inquiry refers to the activities through which students develop knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, as well as an understanding of how scientists study the natural world.

A kindergarten class experiments at the sand and water tables with buckets, shovels, molds, ramps, waterwheels, tubes, screens, and funnels. Afterward, the teacher conducts a discussion on what the students discovered. Which of the following learning objectives does the activity best address? A. Students will describe common physical changes in matter. B. Students will identify the differences between living and nonliving things. C. Students will use the scientific skills of observation, inquiry, and analysis. D. Students will distinguish between solids, liquids, and gases.

C. Students will use the scientific skills of observation, inquiry, and analysis. -The question requires an understanding of the skills necessary for scientific investigation. Sand and water tables provide students the opportunity for hands-on activities involving sensory exploration and discovery. By discussing the activity with the students, the teacher also provides them with the opportunity to interpret and communicate their findings.

How many different pairs of positive whole numbers have a product of 12 ? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four

C. Three -The question requires an understanding of ways to help students develop basic knowledge of equations and number operations. The three pairs of numbers that satisfy the equation are 4 and 3, 2 and 6, and 1 and 12.

Which of the following activities is most likely to be achieved independently by typically developing kindergarten students? A. Dribbling a basketball with one hand B. Juggling three sponge balls C. Tossing and catching a beanbag D. Striking a tossed ball with a bat

C. Tossing and catching a beanbag -The question requires an understanding of motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a variety of activities. Kindergarten students can demonstrate manipulative skills (rolling, throwing, catching) in a stationary position. Students in first and second grades can demonstrate a variety of skills (e.g., juggling, striking, dribbling) while stationary and moving.

Students observe that fresh white carnations placed in water to which green food coloring has been added turn green after a few days. Which of the following processes is most involved in the color change? A. Condensation B. Respiration C. Transpiration D. Water pressure

C. Transpiration -The question requires an understanding of the characteristics of living and nonliving things. Transpiration is the process by which water evaporates from the leaves and pressure changes "pull" water up through the plant.

A first-grade teacher explains to students how Earth's surface changes. Which of the following contributes the most to the changes on Earth's surface? A. Fire B. Earthquakes C. Water D. Wind

C. Water -The question requires an understanding of surface features of Earth. Water is constantly acting on terrestrial features in the form of precipitation, glaciers, streams, rivers, and oceans. Therefore, water contributes to the weathering and erosion of the land surface in most parts of the globe.

The Evergreen Shoe Factory received an order for 100 pairs of shoes. The factory ships shoes in cartons that each holds up to 12 pairs. How many cartons will the factory need to ship this order? Most of the fourth graders who worked on the problem above gave answers such as 8 R4, 8.333, and 8 1/3 . These responses suggest that the students need practice in A. rounding down B. expressing remainders C. applying number sense D. using fractions rather than decimals

C. applying number sense -The question requires an understanding of equations and number operations. The responses indicate that the students do not know how to express a reasonable answer. Since the shoes are shipped in cartons, the number of cartons should be expressed as a whole number and not in decimals, fractions, or with a remainder.

A second-grade teacher is preparing a lab activity in which students will compare the weight of an ice cube in a cup to the weight of the water that remains in the cup when the ice cube melts. The activity can best be used to introduce the unifying scientific concept of A. adaptations B. system C. conservation D. interdependency

C. conservation -The question requires an understanding of physical science concepts. The activity demonstrates that mass is conserved, or remains the same, no matter its state. This supports the unifying scientific concept of conservation.

\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ A teacher arranges 12 tiles on two rows, as shown above, and then asks a student if one of the rows has more tiles than the other. Pointing to the bottom row, the student says, "There's more here." The response suggests that the student does not yet understand the concept of A. ordering B. sequencing C. equivalent sets D. counting by doubles

C. equivalent sets -The question requires an understanding of ways to help students make sense of numbers by comparing, ordering, and connecting numbers to quantities. The response shows that the student does not understand that although two sets of identical items may be arranged in different ways, they may contain the same quantity of the item.

A kindergarten teacher shows students how to count objects in a set and then represent the number of objects with a numeral. The activity best fosters students' understanding of which of the following mathematical concepts? A. Identifying patterns and relationships B. Recognizing and naming numbers C. Comparing two- and three-dimensional shapes D. Applying the cardinality principle

D. Applying the cardinality principle -The question requires an understanding of strategies to help students develop number sense. In the activity, students count to determine the quantity of objects in a set and then match the quantity with a numeric value.

Omar had 12 cookies. After he gave some of his cookies to Leah, he had 6 cookies left. How many cookies did he give to Leah? Which of the following best describes the problem type above? A. Result unknown B. Order unknown C. Start unknown D. Change unknown

D. Change unknown -The question requires an understanding of the properties of operations. Many story problems involve three quantities in the problem. These are the starting quantity, a change quantity, and the result. In the scenario above, the change is unknown.

A kindergarten teacher asks questions that encourage students to think numerically and make quantitative judgments. In the morning, the teacher might ask students to figure out how many students are absent. During snack time, the teacher might ask students if there are enough snack cups for everyone in the classroom. During recess, the teacher might ask students to determine how many balls they take outside so they know how many balls to bring back inside. Which of the following mathematical concepts is the teacher most likely reinforcing? A. Classifying B. Ordering C. Patterning D. Counting

D. Counting -The question requires an understanding of ways to help students make sense of numbers. In the morning, the students need to count how many students are absent based on the number of empty seats. During snack time, the students need to count the number of snack cups. During recess, the students need to count the number of balls they take outside. The teacher is reinforcing the mathematical concept of counting.

Which of the following terms is most closely associated with dramatic writing? A. Rhyme B. Alliteration C. Meter D. Dialogue

D. Dialogue -The question requires an understanding of fundamental concepts and terminology related to theater arts. Dialogue refers to the words written by a playwright and used as conversation by the characters in a play.

Ms. Whitehead asked her students to shade 1/7 of the units in an array. Based on the figures shown, which student or students responded correctly? A. Jolene only B. Brittany only C. Fred only D. Jolene and Marc only

D. Jolene and Marc only -The question requires an understanding of fractions as numbers. From the diagrams, Jolene shaded 2/14⁢ or 1/7, Brittany shaded 1/14, Fred shaded 7/14 or 1/2, and Marc shaded 2/14 or 1/7.

Which of the following is a nonmetric unit of measurement? A. Square meter B. Kilogram C. Centimeter D. Mile

D. Mile -The question requires an understanding of the systems of measurement. Mile is a measurement of length in the English system. Square meter, a measurement of area; kilogram, a measurement of mass; and centimeter, a measurement of length, each belong to the metric system.

A second-grade class is learning about sound. To help students understand the concept of vibration and its relationship to sound, the teacher does a demonstration with a drum. The teacher puts a pile of confetti on top of the drum and asks, "What do you suppose will happen to the confetti when I hit the drum?" Of the following science-process objectives, which does the teacher's question best address? A. Students will be able to create a model. B. Students will be able to record data. C. Students will be able to define variables. D. Students will be able to formulate a hypothesis.

D. Students will be able to formulate a hypothesis. -The question requires an understanding of the important features of the process of scientific inquiry. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation. The teacher asks students to make a guess about what they think will happen to the confetti when the drum is beaten. The students' statements will then be confirmed when the teacher beats the drum.

Which of the following is a correct feature of a mature forward roll? A. The arms extend to the sides during the roll. B. The action of the body is segmented. C. The body uncurls to an L position after rolling forward. D. The head lightly touches the mat surface.

D. The head lightly touches the mat surface. -The question requires an understanding of movement patterns. A forward roll is a movement in which the body rolls over in a forward direction, with the head on the mat and the feet over the head. During a mature forward roll, the head touches the mat surface lightly.

4 2 284 x 27 1888 +5680 7,568 A teacher shows students the problem above and asks them to identify the first error that occurs in the solution. Which of the following student answers is correct? A. The sum in the ones column is incorrect. B. There is an addition mistake in the tens column. C. The number of tens that were composed from ones is incorrect. D. The number of hundreds that were composed from tens in incorrect.

D. The number of hundreds that were composed from tens in incorrect. -The question requires an understanding of place value and the properties of operations. The student correctly multiplies 8 and 7, but makes a mistake by carrying 4 instead of 5 to the hundreds column.

When introducing a unit on seeds, an elementary teacher explains that seeds are often transported far away from the parent plant so that they have enough space and light to grow. The teacher takes the students outdoors to observe the puffy white balls of seeds on dandelion plants. Which of the following is the most likely way that dandelion seeds are transported? A. Animals pick up the seeds on their fur and carry them to a new location. B. The seeds fall into a stream and are carried by the water to a new location. C. Birds eat the seeds and deposit them at a new location in their droppings. D. The wind blows the seeds to a new location.

D. The wind blows the seeds to a new location. -The question requires an understanding of the life cycle of different living things. Plant seeds vary in size and shape. Although plants are rooted in one spot, seeds can move far from the location of the plants. Some plants equip their seeds to fly with the wind. Dandelion seeds are attached to a thin stem that has a fluffy parachute-like top that enables the seeds to move in air.

29×57= Before students in a fifth-grade class solve the problem above, the teacher has them use mental mathematics to compute 9×7,⁢ 20×7, ⁢9×50, and 20×50. For which of the following reasons is it appropriate to have the students use mental mathematics that way? A. To reinforce the connection between multiplication and addition B. To practice rounding to the nearest 10 C. To introduce the associative property of multiplication D. To recall the partial products used in the algorithm

D. To recall the partial products used in the algorithm -The question requires an understanding of strategies for designing instruction to help students understand an algorithm for multiplying whole numbers. An alternative algorithm to the standard algorithm for multiplication is to use place value to break apart each of the numbers into tens and ones, and then to multiply ones by ones, tens by tens, and the two possible products of ones by tens. The justification for this algorithm comes from applying the distributive property of multiplication over addition or by using an area model where the dimensions are shown using tens and ones.