Gas Laws Vocab

Avogadro's Hypothesis

Avogadro's Law (Avogadro's theory; Avogadro's hypothesis) is a principle stated in 1811 by the Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856) that "equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules regardless of their chemical nature and physical properties".

Boyle's Law

Boyle's law states that at constant temperature for a fixed mass, the absolute pressure and the volume of a gas are inversely proportional. The law can also be stated in a slightly different manner, that the product of absolute pressure and volume is always constant.

Charles's Law

Charles's law (also known as the law of volumes) is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated. A modern statement of Charles's law is: When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be directly related. ... k is a constant

Graham's Law Of Effusion

Graham's law of effusion (sometimes called Graham's law of diffusion) was formulated by Scottish physical chemist Thomas Graham in 1848. Graham found experimentally that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles.

Partial Pressure

In a mixture of gases, each gas has a partial pressure which is the hypothetical pressure of that gas if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. The total pressure of an ideal gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in the mixture.

Dalton's Law Of Partial Pressures

In chemistry and physics, Dalton's law (also called Dalton's law of partial pressures) states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

Ideal Gas Constant

It is crucial to match your units of Pressure, Volume, number of mole, and Temperature with the units of R. If you use the first value of R, which is 0.082057 L atm mol-1K-1, your unit for pressure must be atm, for volume must be liter, for temperature must be Kelvin.Jan 9, 2017

Gay-Lussac's

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac was a French chemist and physicist. He is known mostly for his discovery that water is made of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen, for two laws related to gases, and for his ...

Gas Pressure

PRESSURE is a force exerted by the substance per unit area on another substance. The pressure of a gas is the force that the gas exerts on the walls of its container. When you blow air into a balloon, the balloon expands because the pressure of air molecules is greater on the inside of the balloon than the outside.

Standard Atmosphere

The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) is an atmospheric model of how the pressure, temperature, density, and viscosity of the Earth's atmosphere change over a wide range of altitudes or elevations.

Compressibility

The compressibility factor (Z), also known as the compression factor or the gas deviation factor, is the ratio of the molar volume of a gas to the molar volume of an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure.

Combined Gas Law

When we put Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Gay-Lussac's law together, we come up with the combined gas law, which shows that: Pressure is inversely proportional to volume, or higher volume equals lower pressure. Pressure is directly proportional to temperature, or higher temperature equals higher pressure.

Effusion

an instance of giving off something such as a liquid, light, or smell

Barometer

an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure, used especially in forecasting the weather and determining altitude.

Kinetic Energy

energy that a body possesses by virtue of being in motion.

Ideal Gas Law

ideal gas law. noun. A physical law describing the relationship of the measurable properties of an ideal gas, where P (pressure) × V (volume) = n (number of moles) × R (the gas constant) × T (temperature in Kelvin). It is derived from a combination of the gas laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro.

Kinetic Theory

the body of theory that explains the physical properties of matter in terms of the motions of its constituent particles.

Atmospheric Pressure

the pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere, which at sea level has a mean value of 101,325 pascals (roughly 14.6959 pounds per square inch).

Vapor Pressure

the pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid or solid form.

Diffusion

the spreading of something more widely