Gateway test 1
A newborns heart rate should be
100-170 beats per minute
At what rate per minute should you ventilate a child
12-20
The normal breathing rate for a school-age children
18-30 breaths per minute
Typically, at what age will a child being developing "magical thinking" and engaging in play acting
24-36 months
A toddler typically has a respiratory rate of about
24-40 breaths per minute
Normal respiratory rate for a newborn immediately after birth
30-60 breaths per minute
A normal heart rate for an adolescent should be
75 beats per minute
A normal systolic blood pressure for an infant who is 12 months old is
90 mmHg
How far does the danger zone extend when downed wires are involved
A full span beyond the first intact pole
One aspect of the regulation and policy standard of the NHTSA Technical Assistance Program is that each state should have
A lead EMS agency
Which Hepatitis is acquired primarily through contaminated food or water
A or B
In a spontaneously breathing patient, capnography is usually performed by using
A special nasal cannula
The detailed physical exam should be conducted, if time permits on
A trauma patient with significant injury
Leaving a patient after initiating care and before the patient has been transferred to someone with equal or greater medical training is known as:
Abandonment
After lashing out at others, lapsing into sadness, and then briefly trying to negotiate for more time, a terminal patient finally seems to have recognized death as inevitable and is now waiting for the end. What is the final emotional stage of this patient is in?
Acceptance
Quality improvement should be
Active
You are on call for a patient who was assaulted. Law enforcement is on the scene. You are not directly involved with patient care. You should
Actively observe for potential dangers
What type of stress reaction would an EMT likely experience when the EMT's partner has been attacked
Acute stress reaction
You have just transported a patient to the ED at your local hospital. What additional information that is not typically included in the radio report should be shared with the ED staff
Additional vital signs that were taken en route
A 9-year-old male complains of difficulty breathing. His respiratory rate is 28, and he has wheezes. He is alert but scared, and his pulse oximetry reads 93%. You should next:
Administer supplemental oxygen
In what stage of development is body image a great concern
Adolescence
Which glad secretes epinephrine into the bloodstream
Adrenal
When should you obtain a set of baseline vital signs on an unresponsive pediatric medical patient
After the rapid physical assessment
During a hazardous material incident, when should you begin treating patients
After they have been decontaminated
Likely to be inscribed on a medical identification device worn as a bracelet
Allergies
An 18-year-old male has been involved in an altercation with another person. During the fight, he was stabbed in the thigh. As you approach, you note that the patient is awake with minor bleeding from a laceration on his leg. You should first
Assess his airway
Trending for the EMT is primarily a tool for
Assessing treatment
The patient care situation that would most likely indicate the use of a gown along with gloves and eye/face protection
Assisting with childbirth
Until what age is an infant primarily a nose breather
At least 4 weeks
The term that has to do with patients who are significantly overweight or obese is
Bariatric
Part of forming a strong foundation of knowledge is
Becoming extremely familiar with signs and symptoms of commonly encountered conditions
The trachea is
Below the larynx
In disruptive shock, what is lost
Blood vessel tone
What occurs when the autonomic nervous system is stimulated by stressors, resulting in a fight-or-flight reaction
Blood vessels constrict
A common step in evidence based decision making
Changing your protocols and implementing that changes, if supported by evidence
As you interview a patient with a medical complaint, the reason why EMS was called is often referred to as the
Chief complaint
When lifting, keep the weight
Close to your body
Forming a plan for lifting and carrying a patient should be
Communicated to your partner before putting the plan into action
In transfer of care, it is important to provide
Continuity of care
It is characteristic for a CPAP device to blow air:
Continuously
What is the major hormone that influences metabolism and the immune response, and helps the body adapt to stress
Cortisol
The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx
Cricoid cartilage
The stress reaction associated with the condition that is also described as burnout
Cumulative Stress Reaction
A good sign in adults with respiratory distress but an ominous sign in infants and children
Decrease in pulse
What is the name of the event that takes places within the first several hours after a critical incident and is designed to start the process of helping emergency providers work through a stressful situation
Defusing
Which of the following would most likely lead to shock? A) Headache B) Hypertension C) Diarrhea D) Tachycardia
Diarrhea
Providing reports involving a patient with a communicable disease, such as bacterial meningitis, would be an example of the involvement of EMS in
Disease Surveillance
An appropriate question to ask in obtaining pertinent past history in a SAMPLE history
Do you have any other medical problems
An EMT should do this for every patient that will improve the quality of data collected for the QI program
Document Carefully
The process of ensuring scene safety is
Dynamic and ongoing
Accidents are a leading cause of death in which stage of life
Early Adulthood
The proximal end of the ulna helps to form the
Elbow
The 911 call takers who are specifically trained to give prearrival instructions to callers, such as how to control bleeding or how to perform CPR, are called
Emergency Medical Dispatchers
The expectation that an EMT will demonstrate good listening skills is considered a personal trait involving
Empathy
When asking a responsive patient SAMPLE questions to obtain the patient's past medical history, what is a subject you would ask about?
Events leading to the illness
Useful for narrow hallways but is not used for immobilization of a patient
Flexible stretcher
If your patient have a severe burn injury, you should suspect
Fluid loss
If the weight is below your waist level, what is the proper position for pushing or pulling
From a kneeling position
When you report to your partner that the patient is a 46-year-old conscious male patient with leg pain, you have determined the:
General impression
A patient you know is dying asks for comfort, and you say, "Don't worry, it isn't certain that you are going to die. You can't lose hope." This is:
Giving false reassurance
A personal trait that the EMT must possess that relates to overcoming the unpleasant aspects of an emergency is
Having emotional stability
You are reassessing a patient whom you have administered oxygen and a metered-dose inhaler for respiratory distress. During your reassessment, you find that there is only slight expiratory wheezing, the pulse oximetry is 97%, the patient is speaking in full sentences, and the patient's color is good. Given these findings, what best characterizes the patient
He is displaying mild breathing difficulty
What is the determining factor for cardiac output
Heart rate multiplied by strove volume
Which hepatitis is there a vaccination
Hep. B
Endocrine disorders generally involve too many or not enough
Hormones
A general medical problem that can affect normal brain function is
Hypoglycemia
What type of shock may be caused by hemorrhage or dehydration
Hypovolemic shock
Emergency Medical Responders are generally trained to provide
Immediate care for life-threatening injuries
This is NOT a benefit of using the emergency 911 number during an emergency
It eliminates the need for EMDs
An EMT should never enter a violent scene until
It has been secured by the police
A known complication of applying CPAP to a patient with respiratory distress
It may cause a drop in blood pressure
An advantage of a vacuum mattress
It naturally pads voids for greater comfort
What is the purpose of a pressure regulator on an oxygen tank
It provides a safe working pressure for oxygen administration
The best method to open the airway on an unresponsive trauma patient
Jaw-thrust maneuver
When pushing or pulling, you should
Keep the line of pull through the center of your body
____ __ _____ has physical, mental, and emotional effects
Lack of Sleep
You are at the scene of a patient with obvious signs of traumatic death. You are required by law in your state to report violent deaths. Your duty as an EMT is to notify
Law enforcement
The primary assessment identifies
Life-threatening injuries that must be treated immediately as found
What structure in the musculoskeletal system is designed to connect a bone to another bone
Ligament
Bile is created in which organ of the digestive system
Liver
The prostate gland is part of the
Male reproductive system
An infection of the protective layers of the brain and spinal cord
Meningitis
When an infant is unconscious in bed, what procedure should the EMT use to open the airway
Modified chin lift
Your patient is suspected of tuberculosis. Your PPE should include a
N-95 respirator mask
When conducting the secondary assessment of a responsive patient, you would likely begin with
Obtaining baseline vital signs
Orders from the on-duty physician given by radio or phone are referred to as
On-line medical direction
What two divisions of the nervous system help control the size of the blood vessels
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
To determine the stability of a patient, you would be LEAST likely to consider
Past medical history
The organisms that cause infection, such as viruses and bacteria, are called
Pathogens
At a crime scene, which is the first priority of the EMT
Patient care and transport
A 40-year-old male has cut his finger in an industrial accident. You perform the scene size-up, conduct a primary assessment, and determine his chief complaint. You should next
Perform a focused, on-scene examination
What is necessary for oxygen to diffuse from the alveoli to the bloodstream
Perfusion
Which division of the nervous system carries sensory information to the spinal cord and brain and motor information from the brain to the body
Peripheral nervous system
A bystander is giving you information about what happened to an unconscious patient. In assessing this information, you would NOT consider the bystander's
Personality
While administering single-rescuer CPR, what device is preferable to deliver supplemental oxygen
Pocket face mask
You and your partner feel that your physical limitations will not allow you to safely lift and carry a patient and additional help is still minutes away from the scene. If lifting the patient right away what is the best way to lift a patient
Power Stretcher
Done immediately after scene size-up, regardless of whether a trauma patient has a significant mechanism of injury
Primary Assessment
Good Samaritan laws were enacted to
Protect individuals who try to help people in emergencies
A suicidal 14 year old who has critically injured herself is trying to get you to withhold care. She is screaming that she wants to die and that you should not touch her or come near her. You should:
Provide the care she needs
Your EMS employer provides injury prevention education to children. This is an example of
Public information and education
The best way to handle job-related stress
Recognize the signs of stress when they develop
Normal breathing is
Regular under most circumstances
A suggested way to help reduce your job-related stress
Request to work at a station that has a lighter call volume
During bronchoconstriction, the smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages contracts, resulting in a decrease of the internal diameter of the airway and an increase of
Resistance to airflow
During what stage of development does self-esteem develop
School age
Concerned generally with what you can do, as opposed to what you should do it
Scope of practice
Safe transport involves
Securing the patient in the ambulance
Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called
Shock
You respond to a 7-year-old patient presenting with symptoms of productive cough containing blood and large amounts of mucus; fatigue; nausea; and abdominal pain. The patient appears to be breathing adequately but nonetheless is experiencing respiratory distress from the onset of the coughing. What should you do to treat this patient
Speak to the patient's parent or guardian
What is a lesson learned from the Korean and Vietnam conflits
Specialized centers should be devoted to treatment of trauma injuries
You have been asked to hyper-oxygenate a patient before a paramedic inserts an endotracheal tube. What should you do
Squeeze the bag on the bag-valve mask more forcefully while maintaining a normal ventilation
You want to navigate a responsive patient down several narrow, curving stairways. You want to transport the patient in a sitting position, which means you use a
Stair Chair
Quality improvement relates primarily to
Standard of care
Describes off-line medical direction
Standing orders issued by the medical director that allow EMTs to give certain medications or perform certain procedures
You have arrived at the ED with a patient when another call comes over the radio for your squad to respond to a cardiac arrest. Transfer of patient care to the staff has not been completed. What action would best demonstrate your ability to lead
Stay with the patient until care is transferred to hospital staff
When lifting and moving patients, what should be kept straight and locked
The back
Cause of inhalation
The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract
A 77-year-old female is in obvious respiratory distress. She is breathing rapidly and has an oxygen saturation of 89%. She has a history of COPD. Why should she be place on supplemental oxygen despite having COPD?
The patient's hypoxia outweighs the risks of oxygen therapy
If you are caring for an unresponsive patient, your primary source of information will be
The physical examination
What are body mechanics
The proper use of your body to prevent injury and facilitate lifting and moving
Emergency moves may be necessary if
There is a threat of fire or possible explosion
How many rescuers are recommended in moving a patient with a stair chair
Three
The volume of air that is breathed in and out with each breath is called the
Tidal volume
________ must be avoided in lifting
Twisting
During the rapid trauma assessment of the victim of a boating accident, you note that part of the patient's chest wall is moving in the direction opposite that of the rest of the chest. What is the cause of this movement?
Two or more ribs are broken at two or more places, causing a floating segment of ribs
Which system is primarily responsible for filtering waste products from the blood removing them from the body
Urinary
To reduce the risk of illness, the EMT should
Use Standard Precautions during each patient contact
This is recommended when washing your hands after patient care
Use soap and water when available
Helps to prevent injury from lifting and carrying a patient
Using your leg muscles
In areas where children do not have routine well care and are at risk, EMS providers may help with
Vaccination programs
Which vessels transport blood from the tissues back to the heart
Veins
A 17-year-old female complains of respiratory distress. When you listen to her chest, you hear high-pitched, almost musical sounds in her lower airways on expiration. These sounds would best be described as
Wheezes
What distinguishes cellular from pulmonary respiration
Where diffusion takes place
An indication for an emergency move
You are unable to gain access to other patients who need lifesaving care
A patient's body substances may enter your body through
Your eyes
Error is prehospital care reports must be
corrected
An example of eustress is
having to meet higher performance standards
During inhalation, the diaphragm
lowers, and the ribs move upward and outward
