Gateways to Art Chapter 1.2 - 1.3 part 1

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Value

The lightness or darkness of a plane or area.

Medium (plural media)

The material on or form which an artist chooses to make a work of art, Example: canvas and oil paint, marble, engraving, video, or architecture.

Color

The optical effect caused when reflected white light of the spectrum is divided into separate wavelengths.

Composition

The overall design or organization of a work.

Foreground

The part of a work depicted as nearest to the viewer.

Emphasis

The practice of drawing attention to particular content in a work.

Scale

The size of an object or artwork relative to another object or artwork, or to a system of measurement.

Volume

The space filled or enclosed by three-dimensional figure or object.

Picture plane

The surface of a painting or drawing.

Texture

The surface quality of work, for example fine/course, detailed/lacking in detail

Hatching

The use of non-overlapping parallel lines to convey darkness or lightness

Cross-hatching

The use of overlapping lines to convey darkness or lightness.

Organic form

Three-dimensional (irregular) form made up of unpredictable, irregular planes, that suggest the natural world. Example: living things like plants, animals, and humans that change constantly and their forms change too.

Geometric form

Three-dimensional form composed of regular (forms), planes and curves. Example: cubes, spheres, cylinders, cones, pyramids.

Actual texture

Three-dimensional objects we can touch, such as a sculpture.

Open volume

When an artists enclose a space with materials that are not completely solid. (The space occupied by a form).

Position

When we look into the distance, objects and things in front of us appear lower in our cone vision.

Overlapping

When we see an object but not the entire object, we know there is something in front of it. The overlapped object is further back in space.

Size

When we see similar objects that have some distance between them, the object closest to us appears larger.

High relief

a carved panel where the figures project with a great deal of depth from the background.

Chiaroscuro

(Italian for "light dark") The use of light and dark in a painting to create the impression of volume. Is an effect that creates an illusion of solidity and depth by using five defined values; highlight, light, core shadow, reflected light, and cast shadow.

Asymmetrical masses

(Masses) cannot be equally divided on a central axis. Can suggest dynamism, movement, and change.

Style

A characteristic way in which an artist or group of artists use visual language to give a work an identifiable form a visual expression.

Plane

A flat surface, often implied, in the composition.

In the round

A freestanding sculpted work that can be viewed from all sides.

Background

A part of work depicted furthest from the viewers face, often behind the main subject matter.

Renaissance

A period of cultural and artistic change in Europe from the 14th to 17th century.

Relief

A raised on a largely flat background. Example: the design on a coin is "in relief". Forms that combines aspects of two dimensional art and three-dimensional works of art.

Bas-relief

A sculpture carved with very little depth.

Shape

A two-dimensional area, the boundaries of which are defined by lines or suggested by change in color or value. Example: a drawing of a triangle.

Implied texture

A visual illusion expressing texture.

Mass

A volume that has, or gives the illusion of having height, width, density, and bulk. (By contrast, suggests that something is solid and occupies space). Example: it expresses that a volume is solid and occupies space, whether it is enormous, like the pyramids, or small, like a piece of jewelry.

Shadow

An area of the darkest in value of work.

Highlight

An area of the lightness value in a work.

Surrealism or Surrealist

An artistic movement in the 1920's and later; it's works were inspired by dreams and the subconscious.

Negative space

An empty space given by the surround, Example: right pointing arrow between the E and X in FedEx. (Open space not occupied by form).

Axis

An imaginary line showing the center of a shape, volume of composition.

Form

An object that can be defined in three dimensions. Height, width, and depth.

Freestanding

Any sculpture that stands separate from walls or other surfaces so that it can be viewed from a 360° range.

Facade

Any side of a building, usually the front or entrance.

Installation

Are artworks that alter a space or create a environment at a specific site for a limited time (usually until the end of an exhibition).

Abstract

Art imagery that departs from recognizable images from the natural world.

Genres

Categories of artists subject matter, often with strongly influential histories and traditions.

Closed form

Does not interact with the surrounding space, there are no open areas.

Tenebrism

Dramatic use of intense darkness and light to heighten the impact of painting

Baroque

European artistic and architectural style of late 16th century to early 18th century, characterized by extravagance and emotional intensity.

Two-dimensional

Having height and width. Example: a drawing of a triangle (shape) is flat and does not have mass or volume.

Three-dimensional

Having height, width, and depth. Example: the great pyramids of Egypt.

Implied forms

Having mass and volume.

Open form

Interacts with the surrounding space. There are open areas in the sculpture that create negative spaces.

Core shadow

Is a more sudden transition to darker values.

Imply depth of space

Size, overlapping, position, perspective; atmospheric, linear, isometric, foreshortening .

Absence of mass

Suggest lightness, airiness, and flight.

Presence of mass

Suggests weight, gravity, and connection to the earth.

Relative placement

The arrangement of shapes or lines to form a visual relationship to each other in a design.

Elements

The basics of vocabulary of art - line, form, shape, volume, mass, color , texture, space, time and motion, and value (lightness/darkness).

Focal point

The center of interest or activity in a work of art, often drawing the viewer's attention to be the most important element.

Perspective

The creation of illusion of depth in a two-dimensional image by using mathematical principles.

Depth

The degree of recession in perspective.

Space

The distance between identifiable points or planes


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