gch 253 final exam
The recommended level of LDL cholesterol for adults is A. less than 200 mg/dl. B. less than 100 mg/dl. C. less than 40 mg/dl. D. 60 mg/dl or more.
B. less than 100 mg/dl.
A wandering clot that causes a stroke is called a(n) A. vascular accident. B. thrombosis. C. embolus. D. hemorrhage.
C. embolus
) A class of antiviral drugs that blocks HIV from entering and infecting cells is known as ______ inhibitors. A. reverse transcriptase B. protease C. entry D. maturation
C. entry
Lymphoma is cancer of the lymph nodes, part of the body's A. blood-forming cells. B. gastrointestinal tract. C. connective and fibrous tissues. D. infection-fighting system.
D. infection-fighting system.
Which of the following is not a mode of transmission of the hepatitis B virus? A. toilet seats B. toothbrushes C. eating utensils D. razor blades
A. toilet seats
Which of the following is not a risk factor for endometrial cancer? A. using oral contraceptives B. late menopause C. obesity D. prolonged estrogen exposure
A. using oral contraceptives
The large blood vessel through which waste-laden, oxygen-poor blood travels is called the A. vena cava. B. aorta. C. pulmonary artery. D. ventricle.
A. vena cava
Warts on the hands are caused by infection with a type of A. virus. B. bacterium. C. prion. D. fungus.
A. virus
One of the best ways to break the chain of infection is to A. wash your hands frequently. B. use disinfectant agents when cleaning your house. C. get boosters for immunizations 6 months early. D. drink water only if it is fluoridated.
A. wash your hands frequently.
The incidence of stroke more than doubles each decade after what age? A. 45 B. 55 C. 65 D. 75
B. 55
The two upper chambers of the heart in which blood collects before passing to the lower chambers are called A. ventricles. B. atria. C. septum. D. valves.
B. Atria
Chlamydia is the most prevalent ______ STD. A. viral B. bacterial C. fungal D. protozoal
B. Bacterial
Prions cause which of the following diseases? A. rabies B. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease C. syphilis D. toxic shock syndrome
B. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
A blood pressure reading of 121/81 is classified as A. normal. B. prehypertension. C. stage 1 hypertension. D. stage 2 hypertension.
B. prehypertension.
An infectious agent that consists only of protein is a A. virus. B. prion. C. bacterium. D. protozoan.
B. prion
Lynette has begun feeling feverish and has a sore throat. Which phase of the immune response is she experiencing? A. incubation B. prodromal C. clinical D. initial
B. prodromal
A highly contagious parasitic STD is A. Candida albicans. B. pubic lice. C. pediculosis. D. condyloma.
B. pubic lice.
The portion of the circulation governed by the right side of the heart is the ______ circulation. A. systemic B. pulmonary C. cerebral D. extremity
B. pulmonary
Diets high in which of the following foods are associated with increased risk of cancer? A. whole grains B. red meats C. citrus fruits D. cruciferous vegetables
B. red meats.
Diastole is the A. contraction of the heart. B. relaxation of the heart. C. main valve in the heart. D. largest vein in the body.
B. relaxation of the heart
Influenza is highly contagious and spread via A. coughing. B. respiratory droplets. C. ingesting food that has been infected. D. hand-to-hand contact.
B. respiratory droplets.
Which of the following is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids? A. pork chops B. salmon C. egg whites D. kidney beans
B. salmon
Cancers arising from connective and fibrous tissues such as bone, cartilage, or muscle are called A. carcinomas. B. sarcomas. C. lymphomas. D. leukemias.
B. sarcomas.
A slightly higher intake of unsaturated fats may be recommended for people with A. hypertension. B. high HDL levels. C. metabolic syndrome. D. low triglyceride levels.
C. metabolic syndrome.
When a malignant tumor spreads to sites distant from the primary tumor, the process is known as A. hyperplasia. B. malignancy. C. metastasis. D. dysplasia.
C. metastasis
Which of the following best describes a factor that contributes to emerging infections? A. underprescription of antibiotics B. low birth rates C. natural disasters D. local food production
C. natural disasters
White blood cells that directly destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells are ______ cells. A. helper T B. suppressor T C. natural killer D. B
C. natural killer
People with no CVD risk factors should have their blood pressure measured by a professional A. once a month. B. once a year. C. once every 2 years. D. once every 5 years.
C. once every 2 years.
An organism that causes disease is a(n) A. antigen. B. toxin. C. pathogen. D. antibody.
C. pathogen.
The transmission of HIV from mother to child is called A. lateral. B. gestational. C. perinatal. D. opportunistic.
C. perinatal.
If an artery in a limb becomes blocked, it causes A. heart attack. B. stroke. C. peripheral arterial disease. D. arthritis.
C. peripheral arterial disease.
Naturally occurring substances found in plant foods that help prevent chronic diseases are A. nitrosamines. B. anticarcinogens. C. phytochemicals. D. free radicals.
C. phytochemicals.
Microscopic, single-celled organisms that often cause recurrent diseases are called A. viruses. B. parasites. C. protozoa. D. bacteria.
C. protazoa
Exercise alters blood fat levels by A. raising LDL levels. B. raising triglyceride levels. C. raising HDL levels. D. lowering HDL levels.
C. raising HDL levels.
Which of the following is a common portal of exit for a pathogen? A. skin B. hair C. saliva D. urine
C. saliva
Rheumatic fever is a disease process that begins with A. influenza. B. staph infection. C. strep throat. D. a viral infection
C. strep throat.
What type of stroke is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel on the brain's surface resulting in bleeding into the space between the brain and the skull? A. thrombotic B. embolic C. subarachnoid hemorrhage D. ischemic
C. subarachnoid hemorrhage
The most common treatment for skin cancer is A. chemotherapy. B. radiation therapy. C. surgical removal. D. immunotherapy.
C. surgical removal.
A chancre is a sign of A. PID. B. hepatitis A. C. syphilis. D. HIV infection.
C. syphilis
Autoimmune diseases occur when A. bacteria severely damage the immune system. B. cancer creates an imbalance in the immune system. C. the body erroneously recognizes its own cells as foreign. D. a virus such as HIV destroys the immune system.
C. the body erroneously recognizes its own cells as foreign.
Leukemia is cancer of the A. gastrointestinal tract. B. lymph nodes. C. urinary tract. D. blood-forming cells.
D. blood-forming cells.
Which one of the following is a good source of phytochemicals? A. lean portion of beef B. nonfat milk C. halibut D. broccoli
D. broccoli
Which of the following is not a pathogen? A. prions B. bacteria C. protozoa D. cancer cells
D. cancer cells
One type of cancer that seems to be linked to a diet high in red meat is A. cervical cancer. B. lymphoma. C. leukemia. D. colon cancer.
D. colon cancer
Cardiovascular disease in children is usually the result of A. childhood obesity. B. congestive heart failure. C. rheumatic heart disease. D. congenital heart defect.
D. congenital heart defect.
Molly is sexually active and has had more than one sexual partner. She protects herself from pregnancy by using the contraceptive patch and from STDs by requiring that her partner wear a condom. Molly has never had any signs or symptoms of an STD. Based on Molly's sexual behavior, she is probably most at risk for A. developing chronic hepatitis. B. becoming infertile. C. having an ectopic pregnancy. D. developing cervical cancer.
D. developing cervical cancer.
Symptoms of a myocardial infarction include A. headache. B. low back pain. C. sore throat. D. difficulty breathing.
D. difficulty breathing
High blood pressure is best described as a A. warning sign of cancer. B. side effect of cardiovascular disease. C. risk factor for smoking. D. disease.
D. disease
A negative test result for HIV infection means you A. do not have the virus. B. are infected with the virus. C. should immediately retest to verify the result. D. do not have HIV-related antibodies.
D. do not have HIV-related antibodies.
After other treatment options for mild to moderate hypertension have failed to produce improvement, what is the last resort? A. weight loss B. change in exercise habits C. reduced salt intake D. drug therapy
D. drug therapy
Which of the following do diabetics have low rates of? A. hypertension B. obesity C. atherosclerosis D. exercise
D. exercise
Which of the following poses the greatest threat for the development of lung cancer among nonsmokers? A. inactivity B. sun exposure C. high-fat diet D. exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
D. exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
Which of the following is not a common symptom of influenza virus? A. fever B. severe fatigue C. muscle aches D. gastrointestinal distress
D. gastrointestinal distress
) Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common complication of A. syphilis and herpes. B. herpes and gonorrhea. C. genital HPV infection and chlamydia. D. gonorrhea and chlamydia.
D. gonorrhea and chlamydia.
Typical symptoms of trichomoniasis in women include A. lesions around the vagina. B. fever and chills. C. decreased appetite, nausea, and vomiting. D. greenish, foul-smelling vaginal discharge.
D. greenish, foul-smelling vaginal discharge.
Lymphocytes that stimulate other lymphocytes to increase are called ______ cells. A. suppressor T B. B C. memory D. helper T
D. helper T
The type of stroke that is caused by a rupture of blood vessels is called A. ischemic. B. embolic. C. thrombotic. D. hemorrhagic.
D. hemorrhagic.
When a coronary artery becomes blocked, the result is A. a heart attack. B. angina. C. arrhythmia. D. an obstructive embolism.
a. a heart attack
Examples of autoimmune disease include A. systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. B. rheumatoid arthritis and HIV. C. cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus. D. allergies and HIV.
systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
It is recommended that girls get an HPV/cervical cancer vaccine at what age? A. 11-12 B. 15-17 C. 18-25 D. over 25
A. 11-12
Environmental carcinogens are responsible for ______% of cancer deaths. A. 6 B. 26 C. 46 D. 66
A. 6
the mildest form of hepatitis is hepatitis A. A. B. B. C. C. D. EB.
A. A
Which of the following statements best describes genital herpes? A. After infection, the virus lies dormant in nerve cells. B. The virus is transmitted when lesions are present. C. It has not been proved to be a factor in HIV transmission. D. Using condoms does little to prevent its spread.
A. After infection, the virus lies dormant in nerve cells.
Which of the following statements about the transmission of HIV is false? A. During vaginal intercourse, female-to-male transmission is more likely than male-to-female transmission. B. The presence of blisters or sores in the genital area increases the risk of HIV transmission. C. HIV can be transmitted from needles or blades used in acupuncture or tattooing if they are shared. D. The risk of transfusion-related HIV transmission has decreased dramatically because of blood supply testing.
A. During vaginal intercourse, female-to-male transmission is more likely than male-to-female transmission.
The initial screening test for HIV antibodies is the A. ELISA. B. CD4 lymphocyte count. C. Western blot. D. HIV-1 antigen.
A. ELISA
The drug most commonly used to treat trichomoniasis is A. Flagyl. B. podophyllin. C. tetracycline. D. penicillin.
A. Flagyl.
The form of cholesterol that draws cholesterol out of the walls of the arteries and returns it to the liver for recycling is A. HDL. B. VLDL. C. LDL. D. triglyceride.
A. HDL
The organism that causes genital warts is A. HPV. B. HSV. C. HIV. D. HBV.
A. HPV
he herpes virus most often responsible for cold sores is A. HSV 1. B. HSV 2. C. EBV. D. HSV B.
A. HSV 1
Which of the following is not true of an infant born to a gonorrhea-infected mother? A. It is protected from the disease by the mother's antibodies. B. It can be born with life-threatening gonorrheal infections of the blood. C. It may contract gonococcal conjunctivitis. D. It can be born with life-threatening gonorrheal infections of the joints.
A. It is protected from the disease by the mother's antibodies.
Which of the following best describes HPV infection? A. It is the most common STD in the United States. B. It cannot cause cancer in men. C. Many people with HPV have some visible symptoms. D. It only appears on the penis and vagina.
A. It is the most common STD in the United States.
Which of the following is true of the common cold? A. It may be caused by any of more than 200 different viruses. B. It may be caused by exposure to cold weather. C. It most often occurs during the spring and fall. D. It is usually treated with antibiotics.
A. It may be caused by any of more than 200 different viruses.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of melanoma? A. It occurs most commonly on the face. B. It appears at the site of a preexisting mole. C. It invades surrounding tissue. D. It bleeds easily.
A. It occurs most commonly on the face.
Why has PSA testing been the subject of controversy among experts? A. It tends to yield misleading results. B. It causes painful side effects. C. It is too expensive. D. It is only available in certain parts of the country.
A. It tends to yield misleading results.
Which of the following statements about tuberculosis is false? A. It usually affects the digestive tract. B. It responds to a long course of antibiotic treatment. C. Most infected people have latent infections. D. It is typically transmitted via the respiratory route.
A. It usually affects the digestive tract.
A rare form of cancer that has become common among men with HIV infection is A. Kaposi's sarcoma. B. Pneumocystis carinii. C. cryptosporidiosis. D. Burkitt's lymphoma.
A. Kaposi's sarcoma.
Which of the following is not true of pregnant women who have syphilis? A. They do not risk infecting the infant if delivery is by cesarean section. B. They have increased risk of premature labor and delivery. C. They have increased risk of stillbirth. D. They have increased risk of birth defects.
A. They do not risk infecting the infant if delivery is by cesarean section
Macrophages A. act as scavengers. B. trigger the immune response. C. counteract swollen lymph nodes. D. are suppressor cells.
A. act as scavengers.
Vaccines confer ______ immunity. A. active B. passive C. innate D. natural
A. active
An arrhythmia is A. an irregular heartbeat. B. a ruptured blood vessel. C. a blood clot found near the heart. D. another name for high blood pressure.
A. an irregular heartbeat.
The large artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and distributes it to the rest of the body is called the A. aorta. B. vena cava. C. pulmonary artery. D. pulmonary vein.
A. aorta
T and B cells change after contact with the pathogen in a(n) ______ immune response. A. acquired B. imagined C. natural D. innate
A. aquired
Ovarian cancers A. are relatively rare but have a high death rate. B. are detectable with Pap tests. C. decrease in incidence with age. D. are usually found at an early stage.
A. are relatively rare but have a high death rate.
Molly is sexually active and has had more than one sexual partner. She protects herself from pregnancy by using the contraceptive patch and from STDs by requiring that her partner wear a condom. Molly has never had any signs or symptoms of an STD. To help protect herself from contracting a STD, Molly should A. assume responsibility for learning about the various STDs. B. not worry about becoming intoxicated before entering into a sexual situation. C. allow her partner to choose the method of protection. D. get screened once for STDs.
A. assume responsibility for learning about the various STDs.
A disease in which an individual's immune system attacks his or her own body's cells is called a(n) A. autoimmune disease. B. acquired immune response. C. antibody deficiency disease. D. natural immune disorder.
A. autoimmune disease
Which of the following often occurs after a change in sexual partners? A. bacterial vaginosis B. pubic lice C. pediculosis D. condyloma
A. bacterial vaginosis
Which one of the following factors is not associated with elevated levels of homocysteine? A. being female B. low intake of vitamin B-12 C. low intake of vitamin B-6 D. low intake of folic acid
A. being female
Immunization is based on the A. body's ability to remember an encounter with a specific antigen. B. body's ability to tell a harmful pathogen from a harmless one. C. introduction of unrelated pathogens into the body to stimulate antigen production. D. introduction of helper T cells into the body.
A. body's ability to remember an encounter with a specific antigen.
Obesity increases a person's risk of A. breast and colon cancers. B. oral and brain cancers. C. lung and brain cancers. D. oral and lung cancers
A. breast and colon cancers.
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation A. can cause immediate sunburns. B. is the main type of radiation emitted from tanning beds. C. is not linked to skin cancer. D. does not damage the skin.
A. can cause immediate sunburns.
The most common form of cancer is A. carcinoma. B. melanoma. C. sarcoma. D. lymphoma.
A. carcinoma.
In some cases, cervical dysplasia develops into A. cervical cancer. B. HPV infection. C. vaginal clear cell cancer. D. chlamydia infection.
A. cervical cancer
Microscopic, hair-like structures that sweep mucus and foreign substances out of the lungs are called A. cilia. B. phagocytic cells. C. macrophages. D. enzymes.
A. cillia
Sigmoidoscopy is recommended to screen for ______ cancer. A. colon and rectal B. uterine C. throat D. lung
A. colon and rectal
sarcomas arise from A. connective and fibrous tissue. B. epithelial layers. C. blood-forming cells. D. lymph nodes.
A. connective and fibrous tissue.
Which one of the following is not a vector of disease? A. contaminated soil B. rats C. ticks D. mosquitoes
A. contaminated soil
Which of the following are chemical messengers released by immune system cells that help amplify and coordinate the immune response? A. cytokines B. antibodies C. antigens D. histamines
A. cytokines
A characteristic of a skin lesion that may be a melanoma is one with a A. diameter greater than the diameter of a pencil eraser. B. symmetrical shape. C. smooth border. D. solid brown color.
A. diameter greater than the diameter of a pencil eraser.
Which of the following best describes a warning sign of heart attack? A. discomfort in the upper body B. sudden, severe headache C. increase in body temperature D. loss of appetite
A. discomfort in the upper body
Obstacles to microorganisms' entering the body include A. enzymes. B. cuts. C. reservoirs. D. pathogens.
A. enzymes.
A diet high in ______ is linked to increased risk of colon, stomach, and prostate cancers. A. fat and meat B. fiber C. carotenoids D. nitrosamines
A. fat and meat
Which of the following is not a symptom of chlamydia? A. generalized rash B. painful urination C. discharge from the penis or vagina D. lower abdominal pain in females
A. generalized rash
Which one of the following is not a symptom of strep throat? A. gradual onset of a sore throat B. swollen glands C. fever D. nausea and vomiting
A. gradual onset of a sore throat
The most common symptom associated with angina is A. tightness or pressure in the chest. B. nausea. C. pain or numbness in the shoulder or in the arm. D. shortness of breath.
A. tightness or pressure in the chest.
Jen has fair skin, and both her mother and her aunt have been treated for skin cancer. This coming weekend, Jen and her friends are planning an all-day outdoor hike near a high-mountain lake; she expects there will be a mix of sun and shade on the trail and at the lakeshore beach. She is looking forward to the hike, but she wants to avoid getting a sunburn or any sun damage. The group is tentatively planning to have a noon lunch on the lakeshore beach. To protect her skin at lunchtime, Jen's best strategy would be to A. have lunch at a shaded picnic table and dinner on the beach. B. eat under a beach umbrella to protect herself from the sun's rays. C. not worry, since the high altitude of the lake means the sun's rays are less intense. D. go swimming for most of the lunch break because the water will protect her from UV rays.
A. have lunch at a shaded picnic table and dinner on the beach.
Men who have sex with other men should be vaccinated for A. hepatitis A. B. HPV. C. HIV. D. public lice
A. hepatitis A.
Inflammation of the liver is known as A. hepatitis. B. jaundice. C. Treponema pallidum. D. epididymitis.
A. hepatitis.
Which of the following is not a reason herpes is considered a serious STD? A. high fatality rate B. high incidence rate C. serious impact on newborns D. lack of a cure for the disease
A. high fatality rate
High blood pressure is a health risk when it is A. high most of the time. B. the product of emotional excitement. C. the product of exercise. D. low most of the time.
A. high most of the time.
Arnold is 56 years old and considers himself to be in good health. He has a family history of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. He recently had a routine physical exam. He was told that his blood pressure was 130/85, his total cholesterol was 210 (LDL was 175 and HDL was 35), and his glucose levels were normal. Arnold was also informed that his weight of 190 pounds made him about 10pounds overweight. Arnold's physician expressed some concern about the results of the exam. What finding is most likely the key cause of her concern? A. his cholesterol levels B. his blood pressure C. his weight D. his age
A. his cholesterol levels
Chemicals responsible for the dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels in allergic reactions are called A. histamines. B. antigens. C. antibodies. D. lymphocytes.
A. histamines
The antibody most involved in triggering an allergic reaction is A. immunoglobulin E B. gamma globulin C. a mast cell D. histamine
A. immunoglobulin E
Death rates from lung cancer are A. increasing among women. B. rapidly declining in men. C. highest in younger age groups. D. low compared to other cancers.
A. increasing among women.
Infants with chlamydia infection are A. infected during delivery. B. born with congenital deformities. C. infected in the second trimester. D. at risk for brain damage.
A. infected during delivery.
Which of the following viruses has a vaccine available? A. influenza B. rhinovirus C. Epstein-Barr D. hepatitis C
A. influenza
) Lymphocytes that can get rid of cells that have been invaded by foreign organisms or have turned cancerous are called A. killer T cells. B. helper T cells. C. suppressor T cells. D. phagocytes.
A. killer T cells.
The most dangerous form of skin cancer is A. melanoma. B. squamous cell carcinoma. C. basal cell carcinoma. D. actinic keratosis.
A. melenoma
Meningitis is an infection of the A. membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. B. bone marrow and lymphatic tissue. C. alveoli in the lungs. D. lining of the gastrointestinal tract.
A. membrane covering the brain and spinal cord.
Which of the following groups is least likely to experience heart attack without experiencing chest pain? A. men B. people with diabetes C. ethnic minorities D. older adults
A. men
Vertical transmission of HIV describes A. mother-to-child transmission. B. sexual transmission. C. transmission through contaminated needles. D. transmission during medical procedure.
A. mother-to-child transmission.
Damage to the heart muscle because of lack of blood supply is called A. myocardial infarction. B. angina pectoris. C. ischemia. D. cardiac arrest.
A. myocardial infarction
eutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are part of the ______ response to invading pathogens. A. natural B. acquired C. adaptive D. cell-mediated
A. natural
Which of the following best describes a warning sign of stroke? A. numbness B. chest pain C. shortness of breath D. vomiting
A. numbness
Which of the following does not offer protection against HIV transmission during oral sex? A. oral contraceptives B. condoms C. latex squares D. dental dams
A. oral contraceptives
) Which one of the following is an example of a pathogen reservoir? A. person B. vaccine C. T cell D. prion
A. person
Blood cell fragments that are necessary for the clotting of blood are called A. platelets. B. erythrocytes. C. leukocytes. D. macrophages.
A. platelets
) Malaria and trichomoniasis are caused by A. protozoa. B. bacteria. C. viruses. D. parasites.
A. protazoa
Studies have found that women who frequently used ______ for contraception were at greater risk for HIV transmission. A. spermicides with nonoxynol-9 B. condoms C. a cervical cap D. a diaphragm
A. spermicides with nonoxynol-9
Protease inhibitors A. target the development of a protein coat around new copies of HIV. B. replace HIV DNA with CD4 RNA to stop cell reproduction. C. stop the production of CCR-5 cells. D. regulate the production of new CD4 lymphocytes.
A. target the development of a protein coat around new copies of HIV.
The body's first line of defense against invasion of organisms is A. the skin. B. chlorination. C. white blood cells. D. fever.
A. the skin
Which of the following factors contributes to about 30% of all cancer deaths? A. tobacco use B. radiation C. family history D. alcohol use
A. tobacco use
Which of the following statements about gender and CVD is true? A. In the United States, CVD is the leading killer of men but not of women. B. Estrogen may offer premenopausal women some protection against CVD. C. The incidence of hypertension is higher in women than in men before age 55. D. Women are more likely than men to have classic heart attack symptoms like chest pain.
B. Estrogen may offer premenopausal women some protection against CVD.
Genital herpes is most often caused by A. HSV 1. B. HSV 2. C. HAV. D. HBV.
B. HSV 2.
Most ulcers are caused by A. tickborne rickettsia. B. Helicobacter pylori infection. C. overconsumption of spicy food. D. high levels of stress.
B. Helicobacter pylori infection.
Compared to white Americans, the incidence of cardiovascular disease among African Americans is A. about the same. B. higher. C. lower. D. undetermined.
B. Higher
Which of the following terms describes abnormal enlargement of an organ secondary to an increase in cell size? A. hypertension B. hypertrophy C. hyperextension D. hyperactivity
B. Hypertrophy
Which of the following is associated with metabolic syndrome? A. high HDL B. insulin resistance C. low blood pressure D. low triglycerides
B. Insulin resistance
Which one of the following statements about cancer is false? A. It is a group of diseases. B. It is characterized by controlled growth of cells. C. It may take the form of a tumor. D. It has the ability to metastasize.
B. It is characterized by controlled growth of cells.
Which of the following best describes leukemia? A. It produces tumors. B. Its cells are considered malignant. C. Its cells are benign. D. It is not considered cancer.
B. Its cells are considered malignant
The secondary infection most often seen in people with HIV is A. Kaposi's sarcoma. B. Pneumocystis pneumonia. C. tuberculosis. D. mycobacterium avium complex.
B. Pneumocystis pneumonia.
Which of the following best describes what occurs during atherosclerosis? A. The artery walls are thinned by plaque. B. The arteries become narrowed. C. The output of blood flow from the heart decreases. D. The arteries become elastic and flexible.
B. The arteries become narrowed.
Which one of the following is not true of STDs? A. They often are silent diseases with no symptoms. B. They cannot be transmitted unless symptoms are present. C. They are linked to infertility and can cause birth defects. D. Under certain circumstances, they can lead to death.
B. They cannot be transmitted unless symptoms are present.
What do obesity and alcohol use have in common that increases breast cancer risk? A. They increase glucose levels in the blood. B. They increase estrogen levels in the blood. C. They raise LDL cholesterol. D. They slow the rate of cell growth.
B. They increase estrogen levels in the blood.
Which of the following is not a guideline for preventing skin cancer? A. Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun. B. Use tanning salons instead of sunbathing. C. Avoid sunburns. D. Use sunscreens and protective clothing.
B. Use tanning salons instead of sunbathing.
Which of the following infections is transmitted by a mosquito bite? A. E. Coli O157:H7 B. West Nile virus C. new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease D. hantavirus
B. West Nile virus
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Type D personality? A. pessimism B. angry outbursts C. general negativity D. unhappiness
B. angry outbursts
Tears, saliva, and vaginal secretions are rich in ______ that break down and destroy many microorganisms. A. histamines and antigens B. antibodies and enzymes C. macrophages and killer T-cells D. lymphocytes and neutrophils
B. antibodies and enzymes
Antibodies have complementary surface markers that work with ______ like a lock and key. A. histamines B. antigens C. T cells D. cytokines
B. antigens
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) A. produce permanent paralysis. B. are also known as mini strokes. C. usually occur after a major stroke. D. require bed rest following an attack.
B. are also known as mini strokes.
Lymph nodes A. produce enzymes in the lymph. B. are where macrophages congregate. C. produce antibodies and antigens. D. are part of the respiratory system
B. are where macrophages congregate.
Streptococcus and staphylococcus are examples of A. rickettsiae. B. bacteria. C. viruses. D. parasites.
B. bacteria
The most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age is A. trichomoniasis. B. bacterial vaginosis. C. gonorrhea. D. chlamydia.
B. bacterial vaginosis.
The spiral-shaped organism that causes syphilis is a A. chancre. B. bacterium. C. virus. D. protozoan.
B. bacterium.
Which of the following is a treatment for heart disease? A. angina pectoris B. balloon angioplasty C. electrocardiogram D. angiogram
B. balloon angioplasty
When there are no symptoms or other evidence of previously diagnosed disease, a cancer patient is said to A. have metastasis. B. be in remission. C. be in an immune state. D. have a benign tumor.
B. be in remission.
Normal blood pressure for healthy adults is best defined as A. below 80/120. B. below 120/80. C. above 80/120. D. above 120/80.
B. below 120/80
A tumor that is not cancerous is called A. melanoma. B. benign. C. metastatic. D. malignant.
B. benign
White blood cells are produced in the A. brain. B. bone marrow. C. heart. D. gastrointestinal tract.
B. bone marrow
) A fungus that causes vaginitis and thrush is A. Histoplasma capsulatum. B. Candida albicans. C. Coccidioides immitis. D. dermatophyte fungus.
B. candida albicans
Which of the following groups is least likely to develop skin cancer? A. people who use tanning lamps B. people with naturally dark skin C. people with a family history of skin cancer D. fair-skinned people
B. people with naturally dark skin
A malignant tumor is different from a benign tumor in that a malignant tumor is A. less of a threat to the patient. B. capable of invading surrounding structures. C. dangerous only if its physical presence interferes with bodily functions. D. enclosed in a membrane.
B. capable of invading surrounding structures.
Which of the following groups is not at increased risk of testicular cancer? A. white men B. circumcised men C. men with undescended testicles D. men whose mothers took DES during pregnancy
B. circumcised men
Viral diseases are the most common form of ______ disease. A. spontaneous B. contagious C. chronic D. recurrent
B. contagious
Lyme disease is transmitted by A. mosquitoes. B. deer ticks. C. black widow spiders. D. dog fleas.
B. deer ticks
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) A. is a member of the herpes virus family. B. disables the immune function of the CD4 T cells. C. survives by attacking B cells. D. has been a source of human infection for over 200 years.
B. disables the immune function of the CD4 T cells.
Cancer of the lining of the uterus is called ______ cancer. A. ovarian B. endometrial C. myeloma D. cervical
B. endometrial
Risk factors for oral cancer include A. obesity. B. excess alcohol consumption. C. heart disease. D. stroke.
B. excess alcohol consumption
Which of the following does cholesterol not contribute to? A. cell membranes B. fluid that coats the liver C. protective nerve sheaths D. sex hormones
B. fluid that coats the liver
Which of the following is a serum that contains a variety of antibodies and is injected to provide temporary immunity? A. plasma B. gamma globulin C. antivirals D. immunotherapy
B. gamma globulin
Colds are usually transmitted by A. airborne respiratory droplets. B. hand-to-hand contact. C. coughing. D. sharing food or drink.
B. hand-to-hand contact
Which of the following kills the most Americans every year? A. stroke B. heart attacks C. HIV/AIDS D. cancer
B. heart attack
Which of the following increases the inflammatory response and secretion of mucus following exposure to an allergen? A. immunoglobulin E B. histamine C. interferon D. memory T cells
B. histamine
The most common congenital heart defect in children is A. coarctation of the vena cava. B. holes in the wall that divides the ventricles or atria. C. transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery. D. underdeveloped left side of the heart.
B. holes in the wall that divides the ventricles or atria.
Which of the following is not a common result of a stroke? A. memory loss. B. hormonal imbalances. C. language deficits. D. paralysis.
B. hormonal imbalances
Which of the following Type A personality characteristics is least associated with heart disease? A. hostility B. hurrying C. anger D. cynicism
B. hurrying
The most common cause of sudden death among athletes younger than 35 is A. myocardial infarction. B. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. C. stroke. D. aneurysm.
B. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Which of the following is not a treatment for congestive heart failure? A. reducing the workload of the heart B. increasing salt intake C. treatment with drugs that eliminate excess body fluid D. heart transplant
B. increasing salt intake
Arnold is 56 years old and considers himself to be in good health. He has a family history of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. He recently had a routine physical exam. He was told that his blood pressure was 130/85, his total cholesterol was 210 (LDL was 175 and HDL was 35), and his glucose levels were normal. Arnold was also informed that his weight of 190 pounds made him about 10pounds overweight. Which of the following lifestyle changes would Arnold's physician not likely suggest? A. increasing viscous (soluble) fiber intake B. increasing trans fat intake C. increasing physical activity D. decreasing saturated fat intake
B. increasing trans fat intake
The most common type of heart valve disorder A. is very likely to cause symptoms. B. involves the mitral valve. C. is treated with surgery in the majority of cases. D. usually affects exercise ability.
B. involves the mitral valve.
Andrew loves to go camping and hiking in the fall. About two weeks after his last camping trip, he noticed an expanding red rash on his arm. Andrew is most likely suffering from A. Rocky Mountain spotted fever. B. lyme disease. C. West Nile virus infection. D. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).
B. lyme disease.
Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas A. spread rapidly. B. may be pearly nodules or red and scaly patches. C. are usually painful. D. are rare forms of skin cancer.
B. may be pearly nodules or red and scaly patches.
Needle-sharing among drug users often leads to HIV transmission because A. psychoactive drugs carry large amounts of the virus. B. needles may be contaminated with blood that contains HIV. C. a drug user's immune system is already weakened. D. antiviral medications are ineffective when other drugs are in the bloodstream.
B. needles may be contaminated with blood that contains HIV.
A potentially dangerous additive found in processed meats is A. sulforaphane. B. nitrate. C. sodium chloride. D. beta-carotene.
B. nitrate
Women should perform breast self-exams A. unless they have breast implants or are pregnant. B. or, at minimum, be aware of the normal look and feel of their breasts. C. each month when the breasts are tender and slightly enlarged. D. while standing or sitting in front of a mirror.
B. or, at minimum, be aware of the normal look and feel of their breasts.
The largest organisms that can enter the body to cause infection are A. bacteria. B. parasitic worms. C. viruses. D. protozoa.
B. parasitic worms.
A person who is exposed to a disease and who is subsequently injected with antibodies produced by others has been given ______ immunity. A. active B. passive C. innate D. natural
B. passive
Melissa uses a sunscreen with an SPF rating of 20, which means that A. she can stay in the sun for 20 minutes without getting tanned or burned. B. she can stay in the sun 20 times longer without getting burned than if she didn't use it. C. she is protected from the full range of ultraviolet radiation. D. her sunscreen contains 20 different ingredients to block ultraviolet radiation.
B. she can stay in the sun 20 times longer without getting burned than if she didn't use it.
Which of the following is a common bacterium found on the skin of healthy people that can cause infection if it enters the body? A. streptococcus B. staphylococcus C. mycoplasma D. spirochete
B. staphylococcus
ohnny has a red, sore throat with white patches on the tonsils, swollen lymph nodes, fever, and a headache. Which of the following bacteria most likely caused his symptoms? A. staphylococcus B. streptococcus C. mycobacterium D. Escherichia coli
B. streptococcus
Cerebrovascular accident is another name for a A. cerebral thrombosis. B. stroke. C. cerebral hematoma. D. ruptured blood vessel.
B. stroke
The left side of the heart pumps blood in ______ circulation. A. pulmonary B. systemic C. cerebral D. coronary
B. systemic
Prostate cancer is A. the leading cause of cancer death in men. B. the most common cancer in men. C. not influenced by diet and lifestyle. D. a disease that affects the liver.
B. the most common cancer in men.
Lung cancer is A. easily detectable in early stages. B. the most common cause of cancer death in the United States. C. difficult to cure at any stage. D. caused only by cigarette smoking.
B. the most common cause of cancer death in the United States.
When cancer cells enter the lymph or blood system, A. it is easy to stop their spread to other organs. B. they can form secondary tumors elsewhere. C. they are known as benign tumors. D. the probability of cure increases.
B. they can form secondary tumors elsewhere.
Atherosclerosis is most closely associated with which type of stroke? A. hemorrhagic B. thrombotic C. embolic D. infarct
B. thrombotic
Which of the following is a preparation of killed or weakened pathogens injected or taken orally to stimulate the body to produce antibodies? A. gamma globulin B. vaccine C. antibody D. immunoglobulin
B. vaccine
Which of the following does not raise triglyceride levels? A. excess body fat B. very low carbohydrate diet C. cigarette smoking D. physical inactivity
B. very low carbohydrate diet
Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of HIV infection? A. unexplained, persistent swollen glands B. weight gain C. fever, chills, or night sweats D. immobilizing fatigue
B. weight gain
) A widely used drug in the treatment of HIV infection that inhibits reproduction of the virus is A. Compound Q. B. zidovudine (AZT). C. interleukin-2. D. didanosine (ddI).
B. zidovudine (AZT).
Lymphocytes that produce antibodies are called ______ cells. A. helper T B. B C. killer T D. suppressor T
B.B
The incubation period of HPV is ______ from the time of contact. A. 5 to 7 days B. 1 to 2 weeks C. 1 month to 2 years D. 6 to 11 years
C. 1 month to 2 years
Most deaths from heart attacks occur within ______ from the onset of symptoms. A. 30 minutes B. 1 hour C. 2 hours D. 3 hours
C. 2 hours
Smoking is responsible for about ______ of all cancer deaths. A. 10% B. 20% C. 30% D. 40%
C. 30%
The American Cancer Society recommends routine use of mammography to detect breast cancer for women over age A. 20. B. 30. C. 40. D. 50.
C. 40
After what age should a stool blood test be a standard annual screening test? A. 30 B. 40 C. 50 D. 60
C. 50
Which of the following statements regarding secondary syphilis is false? A. Signs and symptoms appear 3-6 weeks after the first lesion appears. B. It is characterized by a rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. C. Absence of legions means a person is not contagious. D. It involves mild flu like symptoms.
C. Absence of legions means a person is not contagious.
Which one of the following is not true of the global spread of HIV/AIDS? A. Almost all infections occur in developing countries where heterosexual contact is the main means of HIV transmission. B. HIV disproportionately affects poor and ethnic minorities. C. Asia and Africa are on par with each other in terms of the number of people living with HIV. D. Political, economic, and social barriers contribute to the ongoing spread of HIV infection.
C. Asia and Africa are on par with each other in terms of the number of people living with HIV.
The herpes virus associated with infectious mononucleosis is A. herpes simplex type I. B. herpes simplex type II. C. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). D. cytomegalovirus.
C. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
Molly is sexually active and has had more than one sexual partner. She protects herself from pregnancy by using the contraceptive patch and from STDs by requiring that her partner wear a condom. Molly has never had any signs or symptoms of an STD. Which STD is Molly most at risk for? A. PID B. HIV infection C. HPV infection D. gonorrhea
C. HPV infection
The infection that puts women at risk for cervical cancer is A. pneumonia. B. hepatitis. C. HPV. D. strep throat.
C. HPV.
Which of the following statements regarding hepatitis is false? A. Hepatitis is diagnosed using blood tests. B. A vaccine is available for HBV. C. Hepatitis cannot be transmitted to an unborn child. D. Immunoglobulin can be used to minimize risk of infection after exposure to HBV.
C. Hepatitis cannot be transmitted to an unborn child.
Which of the following statements about pelvic inflammatory disease is false? A. It can cause chronic pain. B. It is the leading cause of infertility in young women. C. It always has severe and unmistakable early symptoms. D. There may be recurrent problems despite treatment.
C. It always has severe and unmistakable early symptoms.
Which of the following best describes ultraviolet radiation? A. It is most intense after 3 p.m. B. It cannot penetrate water. C. It can reflect off sand. D. It is filtered by the atmosphere at high altitudes.
C. It can reflect off sand.
Which of the following best describes a link between gender and CVD? A. Women who have heart attacks are less likely than men to die within a year. B. Men have larger hearts and arteries than women, which makes diagnosis more difficult. C. Medical personnel evaluate and treat women less aggressively than men. D. Women are more likely than men to give an accurate account of their symptoms.
C. Medical personnel evaluate and treat women less aggressively than men.
) The body's defense system literally eats invading pathogens during a(n) ______ response. A. acquired B. imagined C. natural D. adaptive
C. Natural
Techniques for early detection of prostate cancer include a digital rectal exam and A. ultrasound. B. surgery. C. PSA blood test. D. CAT scan.
C. PSA blood test.
Which of the following best describes the obligations of a sexually active person? A. Be aware of others' signs and symptoms of STDs. B. Begin treatment if the symptoms are bothersome. C. Protect partners through communication. D. Disclose sexual history in life-threatening situations.
C. Protect partners through communication.
Which of the following is true of the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic? A. It was even more virulent than expected. B. Sufficient vaccines were on hand to combat it early. C. The virus evolved from swine, avian, and human flu viruses. D. It broke out at the same time as the seasonal flu.
C. The virus evolved from swine, avian, and human flu viruses.
Jen has fair skin, and both her mother and her aunt have been treated for skin cancer. This coming weekend, Jen and her friends are planning an all-day outdoor hike near a high-mountain lake; she expects there will be a mix of sun and shade on the trail and at the lakeshore beach. She is looking forward to the hike, but she wants to avoid getting a sunburn or any sun damage. Which of the following shouldn't Jen do before leaving for the hike? A. Buy or borrow a broad-brimmed hat. B. Consult the forecast for UV index to help determine how sunny it will be. C. Visit a tanning salon to get a light tan to protect her skin. D. Pack a full bottle of sunscreen in her backpack.
C. Visit a tanning salon to get a light tan to protect her skin.
The test that is used as a confirming test for HIV is the A. ELISA. B. CD4 lymphocyte. C. Western blot. D. HIV-1 antigen.
C. Western blot.
Which of the following best describes the relationship between gender and STDs? A. Most STDs in the United States occur in men. B. Female-to-male transmission is more common than male-to-female. C. Young women have high rates of STDs because they often are afraid to demand condom use. D. Women are likely to be diagnosed with STDs earlier in the disease lifecycle.
C. Young women have high rates of STDs because they often are afraid to demand condom use.
A test that uses a computer to construct a picture of the brain using X-ray images is A. an angiogram. B. radionuclide imaging. C. a CT scan. D. an MRI scan.
C. a CT scan
Congestive heart failure is A. sustained abnormally high blood pressure. B. thickening of artery walls by deposits of fatty substances. C. a condition caused by the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force. D. severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart.
C. a condition caused by the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force.
Which of the following factors is not a reason African Americans have a high rate of CVD? A. limited blood vessel dilation during the stress response B. heightened sensitivity to salt C. a diet high in calcium D. a diet high in fat
C. a diet high in calcium
Angina pectoris is caused by A. the complete blockage of a coronary artery. B. a disruption of the electrical system of the heart. C. a need for oxygen in the heart that exceeds supply. D. sustained high blood pressure.
C. a need for oxygen in the heart that exceeds supply.
Scraping cells from the cervix for examination to screen for cancerous changes is called A. cryotherapy. B. curetting. C. a Pap test. D. an endometrial smear.
C. a pap test
A hemorrhagic stroke may occur as a result of A. a thrombosis. B. an embolus. C. an aneurysm. D. low platelet levels.
C. an aneurysm
Which of the following is not a treatment for genital HPV infection? A. cryosurgery B. electrocautery C. antibiotics D. podophyllin
C. antibiotics
Drugs frequently used to treat opportunistic infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis are A. protease inhibitors. B. antiviral agents. C. antibiotics. D. nucleoside analogs.
C. antibiotics.
) A marker on the surface of a foreign substance that triggers the immune response is called a(n) A. antibody. B. lymphocyte. C. antigen. D. enzyme.
C. antigen
Sudden cardiac death most often occurs because of A. low blood pressure. B. blocked cerebral arteries. C. arrhythmia. D. coronary thrombosis.
C. arrhythmia.
Generally, antibiotics are useful against A. influenza. B. colds. C. bacteria. D. viruses.
C. bacteria
The riskiest sexual activity in terms of contracting HIV is A. receiving fellatio. B. being the receptive partner during unprotected vaginal intercourse. C. being the receptive partner during unprotected anal intercourse. D. receiving cunnilingus.
C. being the receptive partner during unprotected anal intercourse.
The most common form of cancer in women is ______ cancer; the most common cause of cancer death in women is ______. A. lung; breast C. breast; lung C. cervical; lung D. melanoma; breast
C. breast; lung
The small blood vessels that connect the arteries and veins are the A. venules. B. arterioles. C. capillaries. D. vascules.
C. cappillaries
Gonorrhea is best described as a sexually transmitted disease A. that produces a painful rash. B. characterized by the appearance of dry, rough growths on the genital area. C. caused by a bacterium that usually affects mucous membranes. D. characterized by recurrent outbreaks of blister-like sores.
C. caused by a bacterium that usually affects mucous membranes.
Hypertension probably contributes to atherosclerosis by A. dilating arteries. B. influencing cholesterol levels. C. causing injury to the artery walls. D. affecting sodium balance in the body.
C. causing injury to the artery walls
Systole is the A. normal pause between heartbeats. B. normal rhythm of the heart. C. contraction of the heart. D. relaxation of the heart.
C. contraction of the heart.
The arteries that branch from the aorta and provide blood to the heart muscle itself are ______ arteries. A. pulmonary B. systemic C. coronary D. femoral
C. coronary
Which of the following does not contribute to causing bacterial vaginosis? A. engaging in sexual activity B. changing sexual partners C. douching D. using condoms
C. douching
Which of the following is not a risk factor for breast cancer? A. alcohol use B. early onset of menstruation C. early motherhood D. obesity
C. early motherhood
Which of the following is a noninvasive test that evaluates CVD by using sound waves to examine the heart? A. electron-beam computed tomography B. magnetic resonance imaging C. echocardiography D. angioplasty
C. echocardiography
Men have a greater risk of heart attack and stroke than women do because A. fewer women have hypertension. B. women have larger coronary arteries. C. estrogen may protect premenopausal women from heart disease. D. men have more severe heart attacks.
C. estrogen may protect premenopausal women from heart disease.
How often should people over 20 have their cholesterol checked? A. every 2 years B. every 3 years C. every 5 years D. every 10 years
C. every 5 years
Gonococcal conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the A. urinary tract. B. respiratory tract. C. eyelids. D. vagina.
C. eyelids
Which of the following CVD risk factors is uncontroallble? A. cholesterol levels B. cigarette smoking C. family history of CVD D. physical inactivity
C. family history of CVD
Molds, mushrooms, and yeasts belong to what classification? A. protozoa B. spirochete C. fungi D. prions
C. fungi
Which of the following is linked to the development of cervical cancer? A. syphilis B. trichomoniasis C. genital HPV infection D. pelvic inflammatory disease
C. genital HPV infection
What is the number-one killer of American women? A. breast cancer B. ovarian cancer C. heart disease D. stroke
C. heart disease
Jen has fair skin, and both her mother and her aunt have been treated for skin cancer. This coming weekend, Jen and her friends are planning an all-day outdoor hike near a high-mountain lake; she expects there will be a mix of sun and shade on the trail and at the lakeshore beach. She is looking forward to the hike, but she wants to avoid getting a sunburn or any sun damage. Jen is wearing a shirt with a UPF rating of 25. This means A. she can stay in the sun without getting burned for 25 times longer than if she were wearing a standard T-shirt. B. she can stay in the sun for 25 minutes without getting burned. C. her shirt has the highest UPF rating ("excellent"). D. her chances of getting sunburn are unchanged.
C. her shirt has the highest UPF rating ("excellent").
Worldwide, the most common route of HIV infection is A. injecting drugs. B. men having sex with men. C. heterosexual contact. D. receipt of blood transfusions.
C. heterosexual contact.
Which of the following does not increase risk for cardiovascular disease? A. alcohol abuse B. low socioeconomic status C. high educational attainment D. social isolation
C. high educational attainment
Which of the following is a fungal disease that can give rise to major problems? A. athlete's foot B. jock itch C. histoplasmosis D. ringworm
C. histoplasmosis
Which of the following is not an illness associated with protozoa? A. giardiasis B. amoebic dysentery C. histoplasmosis D. malaria
C. histoplasmosis
The family of viruses that causes genital warts is A. coronavirus. B. norovirus. C. human papillomavirus. D. herpes simplex virus.
C. human papillomavirus
Daniel has a family history of colon cancer. Which of the following will not help lower his personal risk of the disease? A. increasing his intake of fruits and vegetables B. being physically active C. increasing his intake of red meat D. using aspirin and ibuprofen regularly
C. increasing his intake of red meat
Which of the following groups of individuals is least vulnerable to early onset of cardiovascular disease? A. smokers B. individuals with uncontrolled hypertension C. individuals with low cholesterol levels D. sedentary individuals
C. individuals with low cholesterol levels
Which of the following does the release of histamines not cause in the affected area? A. redness B. swelling C. infection D. heat
C. infection
Which of the following was not one of the first three classes of antiviral drugs developed for HIV infection? A. entry inhibitors B. reverse transcriptase inhibitors C. integrase inhibitors D. protease inhibitors
C. integrase inhibitors
Long-term antiviral therapy for HIV infection A. is effective for all patients. B. has few side effects. C. is very expensive. D. eliminates the virus from the body.
C. is very expensive.
Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes is called A. hemorrhage. B. toxic shock. C. jaundice. D. impetigo.
C. jaundice
Which of the following combinations would place someone at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease? A. low HDL and low LDL B. high HDL and high LDL C. low HDL and high LDL D. high HDL and low LDL
C. low HDL and high LDL
Atherosclerosis is A. sustained, abnormally high blood pressure. B. a condition resulting from the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force. C. the thickening of artery walls by deposits of fatty substances. D. severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart.
C. the thickening of artery walls by deposits of fatty substances.
Malignant tumors are classified according to A. how quickly they divide. B. how quickly they spread. C. the type of cells that give rise to them. D. the type of cells they are most likely to spread to.
C. the type of cells that give rise to them.
A common sexually transmitted disease caused by a single-celled organism is A. HPV infection. B. pubic lice. C. trichomoniasis. D. scabies.
C. trichomoniasis.
Which of the following is not a potential result of lyme disease? A. fetal damage B. arthritis C. ulcers D. impaired motor coordination
C. ulcers
Which country has the highest STD rate of any developed nation? A. Canada B. France C. United States D. Holland
C. united states
Chlamydia infection is the leading cause of ______ in men under age 35. A. epididymitis B. prostatitis C. urethritis D. testiculitis
C. urethritis
Andrew loves to go camping and hiking in the fall. About two weeks after his last camping trip, he noticed an expanding red rash on his arm. In order to have avoided coming in contact with the organism that caused the illness, Andrew should have A. camped only in the spring. B. boiled his water before drinking. C. worn clothing that covered exposed skin. D. avoided contact with fleas found on mice.
C. worn clothing that covered exposed skin.
During which of the following phases of immune response are memory B and T cells stored for future invasions? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
D. 4
The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends that all adults, beginning at age 20, have their lipoproteins measured at least once every A. year. B. 2 years. C. 4 years. D. 5 years.
D. 5 years
The recommended level of HDL cholesterol for adults is A. less than 200 mg/dl. B. less than 100 mg/dl. C. less than 40 mg/dl. D. 60 mg/dl or more.
D. 60 mg/dl or more.
) Smoking and second-hand smoke are responsible for what percentage of U.S. lung cancer cases? A. 27% B. 47% C. 67% D. 87%
D. 87%
The status of the immune system of someone who has HIV can be monitored by checking A. total lymphocyte counts. B. antibody levels. C. therapeutic drug levels. D. CD4 T-cell counts.
D. CD4 T-cell counts.
Which of the following the best way to support the immune system? A. Get at least 4 hours of sleep. B. Exercise even when you're sick. C. Avoid contact with people. D. Get recommended vaccinations.
D. Get recommended vaccinations.
) In people with HIV infection, the amount of virus in the body can be measured with a(n) A. ELISA test. B. Western blot test. C. rapid HIV test. D. HIV RNA assay.
D. HIV RNA assay.
If left untreated, trichomoniasis can increase the risk of A. HPV. B. tubal pregnancy. C. bacterial vaginosis. D. HIV transmission.
D. HIV transmission.
Which of the following is not a way that smoking harms the cardiovascular system? A. It increases adhesiveness of platelets. B. It reduces level of high-density lipoproteins. C. It increases blood pressure. D. It decreases plaque formation.
D. It decreases plaque formation.
Which of the following is not a way that smoking increases cardiovascular risk? A. It reduces high-density lipoproteins. B. It increases blood pressure. C. It increases heart rate. D. It increases oxygen in the blood.
D. It increases oxygen in the blood.
Which of the following statements describes the asymptomatic phase of HIV infection? A. It lasts about 1-2 years. B. The virus lays dormant in the immune system. C. The virus cannot be transmitted. D. It is also referred to as the latency phase.
D. It is also referred to as the latency phase.
Which of the following statements regarding testicle self-examination is false? A. It is best performed following a bath or shower. B. It should be done monthly. C. It should be performed using a gentle rolling motion. D. It is recommended only if the man is sexually active.
D. It is recommended only if the man is sexually active.
Which of the following best describes homocysteine? A. It is a type of cholesterol, similar to triglycerides. B. Levels are higher in women than in men. C. It helps repair the linings of arteries. D. Levels are higher in people whose diets are low in folic acid.
D. Levels are higher in people whose diets are low in folic acid.
Which of the following accurately describes gonorrhea? A. It is caused by a bacterium that can survive for several hours outside the body. B. There is no effective treatment for it. C. It is the most prevalent viral STD. D. Most women who have it do not have symptoms.
D. Most women who have it do not have symptoms.
Which of the following describes the relationship between pregnancy and HIV? A. More than 50% of infants born to untreated HIV-infected women are infected. B. HIV is linked to infertility. C. Infected women should not have cesarean deliveries. D. Treatment with antivirals during pregnancy reduces risk of vertical transmission.
D. Treatment with antivirals during pregnancy reduces risk of vertical transmission.
Which of the following is not an important guideline when considering HIV testing? A. Know your testing options. B. Understand the possible test results. C. Be familiar with modes of transmission. D. Wait for symptoms to appear.
D. Wait for symptoms to appear.
The most effective approach to avoiding STDs is A. the use of condoms. B. the use of contraceptive foams. C. penicillin therapy. D. abstinence.
D. abstinence.
340) A drug used to treat herpes is A. podophyllin. B. Flagyl. C. doxycycline. D. acyclovir.
D. acyclovir.
Substances that provoke allergies are known as A. parasites. B. antigens. C. bacteria. D. allergens.
D. allergens
Which of the following describes the body's recognition of a relatively harmless substance as a dangerous antigen and subsequent mounting of an immune response? A. passive immunity B. active immunity C. pathogenesis D. allergic reaction
D. allergic reaction
Which of the following is not a key component of a typical asthma attack? A. secretion of extra mucus B. inflammation of the airways C. spasm in the muscles surrounding the airways D. anaphylaxis
D. anaphylaxis
A blood-filled pocket bulging out from a weak spot in the artery wall is called a(n) A. embolism. B. thrombus. C. fibrillation. D. aneurysm.
D. aneurysm.
Chest pain caused by lack of oxygen to the heart is called A. thrombosis. B. infarction. C. hypertension. D. angina.
D. angina
Which of the following is not a type of white blood cell? A. macrophage B. neutrophil C. lymphocyte D. antibody
D. antibody
Which of the following is not an example of an environmental carcinogen? A. benzene B. cadmium C. X rays D. beta carotene
D. beta carotene
Arnold is 56 years old and considers himself to be in good health. He has a family history of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. He recently had a routine physical exam. He was told that his blood pressure was 130/85, his total cholesterol was 210 (LDL was 175 and HDL was 35), and his glucose levels were normal. Arnold was also informed that his weight of 190 pounds made him about 10pounds overweight. What is the nature of the physician's concern? A. his risk for heart valve problems B. his risk for obesity C. his risk for diabetes D. his risk for coronary heart disease
D. his risk for coronary heart disease
Swollen lymph nodes are an indication of A. anemia. B. poor diet. C. hemophilia. D. infection.
D. infection
Hepatitis B is transmitted mainly by A. casual contact. B. contaminated food. C. organ donation. D. intimate sexual contact.
D. intimate sexual contact
Which of the following is a good source of fiber in the diet? A. pork chops B. salmon C. egg whites D. kidney beans
D. kidney beans
The most common cause of cancer death in the United States is A. breast cancer. B. colon and rectal cancer. C. prostate cancer. D. lung cancer.
D. lung cancer
Lymphocytes generated during an initial infection that circulate in the body for years and quickly destroy the specific antigens if they ever appear again are called ______ cells. A. killer T B. helper T C. suppressor T D. memory T
D. memory T
) Which of the following is not a risk factor for contracting HIV? A. sex with multiple partners B. alcohol and other drug use C. using a condom lubricated with nonoxynol-9 during vaginal or anal sex D. mutual masturbation
D. mutual masterbation
An infection that progresses from the vagina and cervix to infect the pelvic cavity and fallopian tubes is called A. a urinary tract infection. B. an ascending pelvic inflammation. C. endometriosis. D. pelvic inflammatory disease.
D. pelvic inflammatory disease.
Which of the following groups of people should most consider being tested for HIV? A. mutually monogamous partners B. people who received blood transfusions after 1985 C. people who have not had an STD before D. people who have had unprotected vaginal sex
D. people who have had unprotected vaginal sex
Which of the following is not a risk factor for breast cancer? A. genetic factors B. diet C. hormonal factors D. previous injury to the breast
D. previous injury to the breast
A sign of colon and rectal cancer is A. high fever. B. headaches. C. cramping. D. rectal bleeding.
D. rectal bleeding
An example of an infection that spread widely via air travel of infected people is A. hantavirus. B. new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. C. malaria. D. severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
D. severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
A woman is more likely to develop breast cancer if A. she had her first child before age 30. B. her diet is low in monounsaturated fat. C. her diet is high in vegetables. D. she is obese.
D. she is obese
Molly is sexually active and has had more than one sexual partner. She protects herself from pregnancy by using the contraceptive patch and from STDs by requiring that her partner wear a condom. Molly has never had any signs or symptoms of an STD. If Molly were to acquire an STD, A. she would know immediately because of the symptoms. B. she would need to tell only her last sex partner about the infection. C. a course of antibiotics would cover any STD she would likely contract. D. she should avoid all sexual activity until treatment is complete.
D. she should avoid all sexual activity until treatment is complete.
An infection that travels throughout the body is referred to as A. transmitted. B. lymphatic. C. localized. D. systemic.
D. systemic
Dementia, cardiovascular damage, blindness, and death are possible complications of A. primary syphilis. B. pelvic inflammatory disease. C. chlamydia. D. tertiary syphilis.
D. tertiary syphilis.
Transmission of HIV occurs through A. using the same toilet as someone with HIV. B. sharing eating utensils with someone with HIV. C. hugging someone with HIV. D. unprotected sexual intercourse with someone with HIV.
D. unprotected sexual intercourse with someone with HIV.
he National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommends that daily cholesterol intake not exceed ______ mg. A. 50 B. 100 C. 300 D. 500
c. 100
A desirable level of total cholesterol for adults is less than ______ mg/deciliter. A. 240 B. 225 C. 200 D. 100
c. 200
The form of cholesterol that carries cholesterol out of the liver to other parts of the body is A. HDL. B. VLDL. C. LDL. D. triglyceride.
c. LDL
The largest artery in the body is the A. carotid. B. atria. C. aorta. D. coronary.
c. aorta
How many chambers does the heart contain? A. two B. three C. four D. six
c. four
C-reactive protein is released into the bloodstream in response to A. free radicals. B. antioxidants. C. inflammation. D. phytochemicals.
c. inflammation