GCSE psychology quiz on prejudice and discrimination

What did Levine conclude in his study of a football fan falling over in front of other football fans?

When we feel we have something in common with others, we are more likely to help them. We are less likely to help 'out-group' members

What was the method in Sherif's Robbers Cave experiment?

22 boys on summer camp were divided into two teams and told to set up camp. At first they weren't aware of the other camp and just settled in with their own group. When they became aware of the other camp the staff introduced competitions with prizes. The teams quickly got into unpleasant name-calling and tried to attack each other.

What is an out-group?

A group of people who you believe you have nothing in common with

What is an in-group?

A group of people you believe you have something in common with

What were the method and results in Levine's study?

A stuntman fell over in front of Manchester United fans. Sometimes he wore a Manchester United top and other times he wore a Liverpool shirt. He was helped more when wearing the Manchester United shirt.

What did Adorno say about parenting and the authoritarian personality?

Adorno found that people with an authoritarian personality were most likely to have had parents who were critical and strict

What is an Authoritarian Personality according to Adorno?

An authoritarian personality is a personality type that he linked to being prejudiced. Adorno's research showed people with more authoritarian personalities were more likely to be prejudiced.

What is discrimination?

Discrimination is when an individual behaves differently towards another person or group as a result of their prejudiced view. This behaviour is usually negative but can be positive.

Give 4 the features of an Authoritarian Personality?

Hold traditional beliefs and values Stick rigidly to their beliefs Look down on those who they see as being of lower status Obedient to those in higher authority

What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?

Prejudice is an attitude - something you THINK. Discrimination is a behaviour - something you DO.

What does Adorno's authoritarian personality not explain?

It doesn't explain why some people are prejudiced towards some people but not others

What did a report by the Commission for Racial Equality reveal in 1997 about racism in the workplace?

It found that employers were still discriminating against people from minority ethnic backgrounds (i.e. non-white British backgrounds) by not inviting them for interviews. They picked up on surnames in application forms and (consciously or not) were less likely to call people from minority ethnic backgrounds for interview.

Give 3 criticisms of Adorno's theory of the authoritarian personality and prejudice?

It's hard to establish the link between strict and critical parents and an authoritarian personality. The statements used in the F-scale have been criticised as they are easier to agree with than disagree with. The research was only done in America so may not apply elsewhere. He only showed a correlation between personality type and prejudice so cannot establish cause and effect.

Give an example of a prejudice?

Lots of examples are possible and they often link to stereotypes. For example, people living on benefits are lazy, older people are not as capable as younger workers

Give an example of discrimination

Lots of examples are possible. E.g. An older worker is turned down for an interview for a job that they are capable of doing because they are seen to be too old, racist abuse is shouted at a football match, a hotel owner refuse to let a gay couple stay in her hotel

What did Tajfel's research on discrimination of out groups conclude?

People will discriminate against others just because they are members of an out-group

What is prejudice?

Prejudice is when you have a rigid set of attitudes or beliefs towards particular groups of people. These attitudes are usually negative but not always.

What did Sherif's (1961) Robbers Cave experiment conclude?

That competition is a cause of prejudice.

What is the F-scale?

The F-scale is the questionnaire used by Adorno to measure personality characteristics. He used it to find out whether someone has an Authoritarian Personality. It is a list of statements that you have to agree or disagree with (e.g. All children need strict discipline)

What did Barrett and Short (1992) find when they interviewed 216 English children aged 5 to 10 on the views of people from different European countries?

The children already showed more positive views towards some countries (e.g. France) than others (e.g. Germany). They already held prejudices about other nationalities, despite not knowing much about these countries.