General chem fourth exam
Transcription
(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
effects of mutation
- change in DNA structure - change in protein structure - change in protein function - change in phenotype (appearance)
tertiary
3D structure. 3-dimensional shape of a polypeptide chain
steroid
A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.
missing OH
DNA
central dogma of biochemistry
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
A binds to T ( 2 hydrogen binds)
G binds to C (3 Hydrogen bonds)
list all of the tripeptides that can be made with glycine, histidine, and valine
GHV, HGV, VGH, GVH, HVG, VHG
substitution mutation
Mutation in which a single base is replaced, potentially altering the gene product.
ether
One oxygen and 2 carbons
translation
Process by which mRNA is decoded, and a protein is produced
OH
RNA
DNA- AGTC
RNA- AGUC
AGCATA
TCGTAT
hydrogenation
The process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen
frame shift mutation
a mutation involving the addition or loss of nucleotides
when a substance binds to an enzyme for reaction, its place of binding is the
active site
In the genetic code the three letter codons code for
amino acids
nucleic
based with nitrogen, phosphate group and pentose sugar (Ribose or deoxyribose)
tRNA
brings amino acids to the ribosome
peptide bond
can be distinguished by double bond O, C, N and. H
biomolecules
carbs/sugars, lipids/fats, proteins/ 20 amino acids, nucleic acid/rna
mRNA
carries genetic information from NDA to the ribosomes
the anticodon is
complementary to the codon on mRNA
The two new DNA molecules formed in replication
contain one parent and one daughter strand
non-polar
contains no oxygen or nitrogen.
ester
have a double bond between oxygen and the adjacent carbon.
secondary
helix- corkscrew shape B-sheet- side by side triple helix
liquid vegetable oils converted to solid fats
hydrogenation
what compound is most soluble in water
if it contains oxygen
in an enzyme substrate reaction, when excess substrate is present, increasing the concentration of the enzyme will
increase the rate of formation of products
RNA
is the most abundant type of RNA; it is combined with proteins to form ribosomes
Translation is a process whereby
is the process of using that RNA code to build a protein
unsaturated fats
liquid at room temperature, unsaturated fats contain at least one double bond between carbon molecules. These double bonds create kinks in the carbon chain, which prevents the molecules from becoming too dense. Unsaturated fats are commonly found in plant products like vegetable oils, nuts, and fish
compared to saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids have
low melting points
codon
mRNA
which of the following types of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis
mRNA
nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids made up a ribose sugar, a phosphate, and a base
primary
order/sequence of amino acids
hemoglobin transports
oxygen
bond that joins amino acids together
peptide
enzymes are made of
protein
hair is primarily
protein
the structural formulas of amino acids are same expect in
side (R) group
saturated fats
solid at room temperature, saturated fats contain only single bonds between carbon molecules and are "saturated" with hydrogen atoms. This means that the hydrogen atoms are tightly packed together. Saturated fats are commonly found in animal products like red meat, poultry, and dairy
AUG
start codon
cholesterol belongs to
steroids
UGA
stop codon
myoglobin
stores and transports oxygen to muscle
quaternary
subunits. when two or more proteins chains combine to form an active protein.
anticodon
tRNA
in the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane
the hydrophilic heads are on the inner and outer surface and the hydrophobic tails in the middle
not an RNA base
thymine
replication
to the process of copying DNA to create an identical copy
is the process of converting DNA code into RNA
transcription
